• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of variables on young children's external aggression and relational aggression. Specifically, young children's temperaments and gender differences, parental marital conflicts, fathers' anti-social behaviors, mothers' child-rearing behaviors and psychological characteristics were studied. The findings of the study were as follows: Firstly, it was found that male children exhibited a higher level of external aggression than female children, while there was no significant difference between male and female children in terms of relational aggression. Secondly, analysis of variables such as children's temperaments and domestic environments revealed that fathers' anti-social behaviors, the adaptability of young children's temperaments and mothers' depression tendency have significant explanatory adequacies for young children's relational aggression. Furthermore, gender difference adaptability, activity and emotionality of young children's temperaments, in addition to parental marital conflicts, also have significant explanatory adequacies for young children's external aggression.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2019

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) such as infantile colic, constipation and colic occur in almost half of the infants. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical and updated review on the management of FGIDs and their impact on the health of the infant and family to health care physicians. Guidelines and expert recommendations were reviewed. FGIDs are a frequent cause of parental concern, impairment in quality of life of infants and relatives, and impose a financial burden to families, health care, and insurance. Therefore, primary management of the FGIDs should be focused on improving the infants' symptoms and quality of life of the family. If more than parental reassurance is needed, available evidence recommends nutritional advice as it is an effective strategy and most of the time devoid of adverse effects. The role of healthcare providers in reassuring parents and proposing the correct behavior and nutritional intervention by avoiding inappropriate use of medication, is essential in the management of FGIDs.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.325-345
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigated the imfluences of family life cycle stages and perception of housework's value on perceived time pressure and role conflict in housewife-teachers. The subjects of this study were 329 married women teachers that teach in junior or senior high schools in Taegu. A questionaire was used as the survey method and for the method of data analysis, factor analysis, MANOVA, and Scheff test as a post-hoc analysis. The major findings were as follows: 1) There were significant interaction effects of family life cycle stages and perception of housework's value on perceived time pressure and role conflict. 2) The main effect for family life cycle stages was significant. 3) Followup univariate F-tests revealed significant mean differences for marital, parental and homemaker's role conflict.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2015

The primary purpose of this study was to examine to what extent adolescents' daily self-evaluation mediates the effect of experiencing intimacy in parent-adolescent interactions on positive peer interactions the next day, even after controlling for gender and grade level. We employed a daily diary method for seven days in a sample of 452 Korean adolescents, collecting checklist data at the end of each day. Data were analyzed by using hierarchical linear modeling. According to moderated multilevel mediation analyses, the variance of self-evaluation explained 83% of the variance in the lagged effect of parental intimacy on the next day peer interaction even after the upper-level effects of gender and grade level were accounted for. Forth graders were more likely than 7th graders to have a more positive view of themselves when they experienced parental intimacy the previous day. Girls were less likely to experience positive peer interactions when they perceived less intimacy with their parents the day before. Results suggested that it would be most effective for peer relationship programs to teach parents and adolescents how to experience intimacy in their daily interactions, particularly in ways that help adolescents to think more positively about themselves. It would be helpful for parents to learn about various ways to compliment and encourage the adolescent child in everyday conversations. Lastly, findings in grade level differences also suggest that these programs might be especially effective for 4th graders more than 7th graders.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.213-224
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mediating effects of parental academic expectations and adolescent's optimism in the influence of perceived parental attachment on learning flow. The subjects of this study were 184 middle and high school students in Seoul. The results of this study are as follows. First, academic expectation and optimism showed significant full mediation effects on the relationship between parent attachment and learning flow. Second, there was no statistically significant difference in the difference between the indirect effects of academic expectation and optimism by the bootstrapping method. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the healthy attachment relationship with the parents increases the parent's supportive expectancy, improves the optimism for the youth, and improves the learning commitment for effective learning. Finally, we discussed the role and expectations of parents and adolescents in promoting the learning commitment of adolescents.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2024

Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) usually causes a mild disease in children and the most serious consequence is multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Currently, there are no data about the protective role of vaccination performed by parents on children regarding the development of MIS-C. The aim of our study is to establish whether parental vaccination is related to MIS-C and the protective value of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination performed by parents against the occurrence of MIS-C in their children. Materials and Methods: Our retrospective single center study included 124 patients aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to emergency department from April 2020 to March 2022 for coronavirus disease 2019 disease. Results: Parental vaccination was negatively correlated with the development of MIS-C: 4% of patients with both parents vaccinated developed MIS-C, while patients with no parent vaccinated to have developed MIS-C were 20%. Conclusion: Parental vaccination could be an important factor influencing the course of the disease and reduces the probability that a child would develop MIS-C by 83% if both parents vaccinated.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.55-71
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of coping behaviors of non-professional working mothers and find out the individual and situational factors which affect the degree of coping behaviors. For this research, the working mothers in non-professional job with children under age 18 answered the structured questionaire. The findings were as follows. First, the degree of coping behaviors was rather high in multiple role management strategies, strengthening family system and positive thinking, but rather low in housework socialization and role reduction/standard adjustment. Second, the effect of associated variables were different according to the subcategories of coping behaviors. So we conclude that, the coping behaviors of the non-professional working mothers were different from those of professional working mothers in some aspects, althought they have much similarities. The different aspects were 1) The relationship of family income and the degree of housework socialization was more evident. 2) The work-related variables did not affect the coping process significantly because of the conservative sex-role attitued of them. Second, non-professional working mothers should use coping behaviors such as housework socialization, role reduction/standard adjustment more for the more effective management of the role strain. Third, the attitude of occupational and parental role was one of the most important factors in using the role strain coping behaviors. And such an unconscious use of the coping behavior won't be helpful in the feeling of control over environment including role strain and active coping of working mothers.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.22-47
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine whether parental beliefs, value of children, and filial obligation were related. The subjects were 748 students(male 323, female 425) who were currently enrolled at university located in Seoul. The instruments used for this study were Filial Obligation Scale(Cho, 2002), Parenting Beliefs Questionnaire, and Value of Children by Arnold et al.(1975, 2001). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlations by SPSS PC Program. The results showed that university students generally demonstrated a higher level of individual-oriented beliefs than relation-oriented beliefs on parental beliefs. With regard to parental beliefs, family relation-oriented beliefs was relatively low in comparison with independence/autonomy-oriented beliefs, happiness-oriented beliefs, and cognition/knowledge-oriented beliefs. In addition, emotional value of children was relatively high in comparison with instrumental value of children. Also, male university students possessed a higher level of filial obligation. the level of cohabitation experience with their parents played a significant role in affecting the level of filial obligation. Unsurprisingly, a higher relation-oriented parental beliefs and emotional value of children demonstrated a higher level of filial obligation. There were also positive relationships between emotional value, instrumental value, and filial obligation. Hence, this study suggests that a practical, functional training services and resources for future parents must be ensued.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.97-109
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• 2008

Atopic dermatitis is the fastest growing skin disorder among children from infancy to adolescence in Korea. The side-effects of atopic dermatitis not only include physical discomfort, but also psychological trauma which ultimately affects the developmental growth of children. This study was conducted in order to investigate the behavioral characteristics of an atopic dermatitis sufferer. As part of this research, the relative influence of behavioral problems and, self-perceived competence were analyzed in relation to the social competence of an atopic child. In total, 301 atopic and non-atopic children, between 2 and 6 years of age, and their mothers and teachers participated in the study. From this number, 109 children had atopic dermatitis, while 192 children did not. Mothers were asked to complete a parent-report questionnaire that required information on parental stress, according to the scale parenting methodology of Abbdin(1990) and Cho(1999). Teachers were subjected to teacher-report questionnaires which included topics on social competence, socia-emotional assessment and behavioral problems of an atopic child. Furthermore, children also completed questionnaires on self-perceived competence. According to analysis on K-CBCL, ITSEA, social competence, self-perceived competence and parental stress, children with atopic dermatitis showed higher scores in depression/anxiety and depression/withdrawal, compared to children in the normal control group. In relation to parental stress, daily stress, parental role stress, and stress related disease, mothers with atopic dermatitis children exhibited higher scores. In establishing relationships among the related variables, atopic children who demonstrated more social competence were more likely to suffer less from withdrawal, attention problems, and depression/anxiety. Stress related disease in mothers with atopic children was positively related to attention problems of the child. In terms of relative influences, behavioral problems was the most significant variable, accounting for 23% of variance. Lower behavioral problems was positively related to more social competence. In summation, this study investigated the general characteristics of atopic children. In conclusion, atopic children and their mothers had difficulty in dealing with this disease. It is our belief that an atopic child would not only require physical treatment, but also need appropriate psychological care.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 1999

Little is known about the relationship between fathers and their preadolescent children in Korea or about variations in fathering by SES and sex role orientation. The purpose of this exploratory research was to examine variation in contemporary Korean fathering (e.g., warmth of fathering, frequency of father involvement, and task share of father involvement) and its influence on children's sex role development. One hundred and twenty-nine fathers, mothers, and their 11-13-year-old children completed standardized survey questionnaires addressing their childrearing practices, parental role involvement, spousal support, and sex role orientations. Data were analyzed using MANOVAs, t-test, correlational analyses, and multiple regression analyses. Mothers reported more warmth in parenting than did fathers. Regardless of sex of child middle class fathers reported more warmth than lower class fathers and lower frequency of task share than lower class fathers. Regardless of SES, fathers with working wives reported higher levels of task share of involvement relative to their spouse. Fathers who were more frequently involved with their children tended to receive greater support from their wives for paternal involvement. There were no differences in parenting by sex of child nor was fathering associated with children's sex role orientation. Girls' femininity was related to fathers' masculinity. SES, maternal support, fathers' femininity, parents' education level, and maternal work status had predictive ability for the ecological view that fathering is a dynamic process predicted by personal characteristics as well as contextual factors.