• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of foster care of long-distance parents who meet their children on weekend and to examine the relationships among the separation anxiety and maternal guilt in foster care. The subject consisted of 138 employed mothers who are living separately with their children. The instruments used for this study were the Separation Anxiety Scale(Cho & Park,1992), the Maternal Guilt Scale(Kim & Kang, 1997), the Parental Satisfaction Scale(Hyun & Cho,1994), and the Parental Stress Scale(Park,1994). The main results of this study were as followings: 1. Mothers had a tend to rely on family members expecially grandparents for foster care of their children. They usually have visited to meet their children weekend and made a phone call once a day. Parental satisfaction in foster care was reported to be moderately high level. 2. The subject’s separation anxiety was found to be high, and it was strong positive relationships to maternal guilt feeling in foster care. The results of this study have implications for both formal and informal support systems of employed mothers with children. The findings of this study may used as basis for understanding long-distance parents’problems in foster care, developing support programs, and public policy for employed mothers.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2016

Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine the association between perceived racial discrimination and substance use and the potential moderating effect of perceived parental affection between the two variables. Methods: A total of 101 Korean American adolescents participated in this cross-sectional study utilized an online survey. Descriptive statistics were used to describe for means and frequencies and the patterns of substance use. Logistic regression analysis was also used to examine the association between perceived discrimination and substance use. Results: Ninety percent of the participants reported perceiving racial discrimination, and 21% had used at least one kind of substance in the month prior to taking the survey. The most frequently used substance was alcohol, followed by marijuana and tobacco products. Logistic regression analysis revealed a link between perceived racial discrimination and substance use (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.01, 3.00). However, parental affection did not moderate between racial discrimination and substance use. Conclusion: These findings suggest that perceived racial discrimination is positively associated with substance use among Korean American adolescents, and health care providers, counselors, and school nurses should screen for discrimination-related stress and substance use in this population.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.735-744
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors and stress-adaptation patterns of students preparing for the national dental hygiene certification examination. Methods : The subjects in this study were dental hygiene juniors in four selected colleges located in the metropolitan area. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed. Results : 1. Concerning motivation of choosing the department of dental hygiene, the largest group that accounted for 72.2 percent chose it due to employment prospects. As to satisfaction level with the department, 40.4 percent were satisfied. In relation to employment prospects, 54.1 percent thought the prospects were bright. 2. They got a mean of 3.23 in stressors. To be specific, they felt the most stress due to test anxiety(3.70), followed by leisure insufficiency (3.21), the uncertainty of the future(3.18) and parental pressure(2.64). 3. They got a mean of 2.02 in stress-adaptation method. They got 2.31 and 1.72 in long-term and short-term adaptation respectively, which showed that long-term stress adaptation method were more prevailing than short-term ones. 4. As for the relationship of the stressors, there was positive correlation among all the test anxiety, future uncertainty, leisure insufficiency and parental pressure, and their correlation was statistically significant(p<0.000). 5. Regarding connections between general characteristics and the stressors, whether they spent two years or more for college admission, satisfaction level with the dental hygiene department, employment prospects and health status made significant differences to the stressors (p<0.05), and there were significant gaps in adaptation patterns according to academic standing, satisfaction level with the department and health state(p<0.05). Conclusions : The dental hygiene students were under great pressure since they had to prepare for the national dental hygiene certification examination to become a certified dental hygienist, one of professional health care workers. Therefore stress counseling programs and stress-coping programs should be developed to relieve the stress of dental hygiene students who are going to take the national dental hygiene certification examination. And they should be assisted to stay away from stress and to handle their stress in a more active manner.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.357-377
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 유아의 어린이집 재원시간과 어린이집의 질적 수준이 유아의 일상적 스트레스에 미치는 영향과 어린이집 질적 수준의 일상적 스트레스 중재효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 어린이집 10개소와 그곳에 재원중인 만 3세부터 만 5세까지 유아 380명을 대상으로 질적 수준 평가 및 일상적 스트레스 검사를 하였고, 결과 분석을 위해 일원변량분석, 중다회귀분석, 조절적회귀분석, 이원변량분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 유아의 일상적 스트레스는 하루 재원시간이 7시간 이하인 유아보다 하루 9시간 이상인 유아의 경우가 더 높았다. 어린이집의 질적 수준에 따라서는 공간 및 설비, 일상적 양육, 언어추론, 상호작용, 활동, 프로그램 구성, 부모 및 교직원의 7가지 변인 중, 교사와 유아의 상호작용 수준이 낮을수록, 부모와 교직원의 협조 및 전문성 수준이 높을수록 유아의 일상적 스트레스가 높았다. 어린이집의 질적 수준 중 하루 9시간 이상 장시간 재원하는 유아의 일상적 스트레스를 중재하는 변인은 언어추론, 상호작용, 부모와 교직원 변인이었는데, 구체적으로 언어추론 활동이 활발하고 교사와 유아간의 상호작용이 긍정적이며 부모와 교직원의 협조 및 전문성 수준이 높았을 때 유아의 일상적 스트레스가 감소하는 중재효과가 있었다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.57-74
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• 1999

The present investigation of the relations among economic hardship, parental child-rearing attitudes and adjustment in adolescence was carried out with 528 middle school children and their mothers in Kyung-gi province. Questionnaires for mothers were on economic stress, and children's questionnaires were on perceived parental attitudes as well as their own adjustment behaviors, such as aggression, depression, and negative self-concept. Adolescent boys perceived paternal child-rearing attitudes more rejecting and inconsistent when the family experienced income loss. Paternal nurturing behaviors perceived by children were also reduced under poor paternal working conditions. Change in family life style due to economic hardship resulted in higher adolescent depression.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.743-760
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify stepfamily adolescents' emotions related with parental remarriage and the need for education program for them. Forty three stepfamily adolescents in middle and high schools in Seoul were surveyed. As a main result, the most of stepfamily adolescents felt a difficulty in adjustment to stepparent even through more than half of the adolescents perceived the advantage of parental remarriage. The greatest number of stepfamily adolescents wanted an understanding of themselves from parents and agreed the necessity of the educational program for them. 'The understanding of stepfamily', 'The resolution of conflict with stepparent' and 'Stress management' were the popular topics which were demanded as program contents by stepfamily adolescents. Several discussions and conclusions on the main result were suggested.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.414-421
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of caretaking behavior for children. This study adopts the methode of Walker and Avant in analysis. Based on the results of the study, the attributes, precedents, and consequences of caretaking behavior for children are follows ; 1. The affirmative attributes of caretaking behavior are affection binding, nutritional guidance, education, caring, protection moral training and acquisition of parents' role. The negative attributes of caretaking behavior are inconsistent moral training, incapability of affection binding and overprotection. 2. The precedent of caretaking behavior are postpartum contact with their babies, cognizance capacity of child-caretaking, economic support, level of preparation for child-caretaking and self-consciousness as parents. 3. The affirmative consequences of caretaking behavior are promotion of child growth and development, formation of maternal-infantile attachment, development of children sociality, satisfaction of parental role and reinforcement of relationship between the members of family. The negative consequences of caretaking behavior are burden and conflict to parental role, children's illness, role conflict and role stress among the members of the family and family breaking up.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2004

Purpose. This study was conducted to compare the paternal rearing behavior and rearing stress level between fathers with a preschooler and fathers with school children so that it can be utilized as a basic source for developing parental rearing education programs. Methods. A descriptive comparative methods was conducted to identify the paternal rearing behavior and paternal rearing stress. Respondents were 361 fathers who had either preschoolers (n=189) or children of elementary age (n=l72). Results. Comparing the two group's means, the rearing activity score and rearing stress there were significant differences. In the school children's group's father, 'outdoor activity' and 'guidance on discipline activity' were significantly higher than the other group. In the preschool children's fathers group, 'play interaction activity' was statistically significant higher than the other, and the child-part mean score of paternal rearing stress was significantly higher than the other group. The correlation between paternal rearing behavior and paternal rearing stress, it can be shown that more paternal rearing behavior means less paternal rearing stress. Conclusion. These results of this study will help design rearing program for fathers that have either preschool children or school children by providing the basic data for paternal rearing behaviors and paternal rearing stress.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the factors that influence parenting stress, including hardiness, parent-child interactions, and social support, to provide basic data for developing a program to reduce parenting stress in North Korean refugee mothers. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected between September and December 2021, and 123 North Korean refugee mothers participated. Results: The mean scores were 69.42 out of 135 for hardiness, 48.45 out of 144 for interactions, 47.32 out of 90 for social support, and 51.84 out of 90 for parenting stress. The parental distress score was higher than that of child-related stress. Hardiness was significantly related to North Korean refugee mothers' parenting stress. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the explanatory power for hardiness and the number of supporters was approximately 19% for parenting stress (F=6.84, p<.001). As such, the factors with a relatively strong influence on parenting stress were hardiness (β=-.40, p<.001) and having four or more supporters (β=-.27, p=.027). Conclusion: This study's findings suggest the need to identify ways to increase North Korean refugee mothers' psychological hardiness and encourage them to extend their sources of social support and enhance their style of parenting.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to establish the relative influences of individual variables (sex, age, temperament) and mother's psychosocial variables (maternal attitude, parenting stress, marriage satisfaction) on daily stress levels and maladjustment of young children attending at daycare centers. Subjects were 224 pairs of children and their mothers, and 18 teachers from 5 child-care centers in Gwangju City. Children were tested individually using 22-item daily stress inventory with illustrations which described certain stressful situations. Questionnaires were also administered to mothers and teachers. Collected data were subjected to Cronbach's $\alpha$, correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS (WIN 14.0) program. The major findings were as follows; Overall average score of children's daily stress was equivalent with the median. 'Blame and attack situation' and 'anxiety and frustrated situation' were perceived as more stressful for children than 'lose self-respect situation'. Overall average score of children's maladjustment was lower than the median. 'Overactivity' was highest among subscores of maladjustment. Age was the only significant influential factor on children's daily stress level. Sex was the most influential factor on 'overactivity', 'aggression', and 'regression' of young children. Activity and maternal stress were the second most influential factor on 'overactivity' and 'aggression', respectively.