• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.440-451
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the parental roles and responsibilities for young children. A survey was conducted on 301 parents with children attending preschools. The parental roles and responsibilities scale were determined from a total of 60 items and 11 sub-factors based on the criteria for goodness, validity, and reliability of items (i.e., factor load ≥ 0.5; AVE ≥ 0.5; CR ≥ 0.7; Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.7). The parental roles and responsibilities scale include 'hygiene management' (4 items), 'physical activities' (6 items), 'survival and health care' (6 items), 'cognitive development' (5 items), 'emotional stability' (5 items), 'social skills' (6 items), 'social norms and values' (7 items), 'physical environment' (5 items), 'protection' (5 items), 'family community consciousness and family tradition' (4 items), and 'the role and responsibility of parents for childcare institutions' (7 items). It is significant that the indicators on the parental roles and responsibilities for young children were developed and verified to fit the situation in Korea. Findings will help identify the characteristics of parental role responsibilities and serve as a basis for efficient communication between parents and preschoolers.parental role responsibilities and serve as a basis for efficient communication between parents and preschools.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.411-421
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• 2005

This current study was designed to explore the meaning of being a mother and a father in contemporary Korean society by examining their roles perceived by mothers and fathers with children at different developmental stages. A total of three hundred and ninety four couples with children aged from one to seventeen years were recruited for the study, and they were asked to complete a set of questionnaires about paternal and maternal roles each. A modified version of Generative Fathering Scales by Lee et al.(1999), was used to measure the roles perceived by fathers and mothers in two areas: (1) parenting responsibilities and (2) involvement in childrearing practices. The parental roles, as expected, were viewed differently by the surveyees with children at different ages: the younger child/ren a father has, the more involvement he emphasizes in childrearing. These results indicate that the roles of mothers and fathers should be considered in the context of developing children.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.541-559
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of Korean mothers in relation to parent education. Parent education was broadly defined in this study to encompass the various educational experiences that parents "try" and "undergo" both before and after becoming parents. Rather than being confined to a single program, we aimed to understand parent education as a cumulative process, comprising diverse experiences that shape parents' lives and roles. We conducted in-depth interviews with seven mothers of infants and toddlers, followed by a reflexive thematic analysis of the data. Four major themes emerged from the analysis. The first theme, "confusion about becoming a parent," describes the initial challenges of adjusting to the loss of freedom and the adaptation to new responsibilities. The second theme, "parent education through observation and experience," highlights how parents learned by observing and engaging with real-life situations before and after the birth of their children. The third theme, "active participation in purposeful parent education," focuses on structured educational programs in shaping parental roles. The final theme, "reflective thinking and personal growth through parent education," illustrates how reflective practices as a mother contributed to the parental development. This study underscores the importance of adopting a long-term perspective on parent education, recognizing the interconnected nature of parental and child development and appreciating the experiences of mothers who grow through reflective thinking.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.107-121
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop a sexuality education program for early adolescents. The overall goals of the program were to not only increase knowledge and skirts, but also to improve the awareness of healthy sex in order to promote premarital abstinence, parent-teen communication and parental awareness of the importance of parental roles and responsibilities in prevention of sexual problems of the early adolescent. The program consisted of six sessions: puberty changes during adolescence, the meaning of sexuality, sexual drives in dating relationships, understanding of the risks associated with early sexual involvement and support for postponing sexual activities, managing and avoiding sexually risky situations, the importance of communications with parents about issues related to sexuality. The program evaluation had three steps: pre-test, immediate post-test and two month follow-up post test. The results showed that the program had a significantly positive effect on the improvement of adolescent's knowledge about sex, and attitudes and behaviors toward sex, particularly in the immediate post-test. At the two month follow-up assessment, the effect of the program still remained strong, though there was a sight and partial reduction which was not statistically significant. Most of the program participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with the program. Parental involvement appeared to be effective as well. Recommendations for further study include: to re-evaluate the curriculum for various other participants. In addition, further study which would compare post-test results of these participants with a comparison group of peers who did not receive the program would be valuable. The author believes that the program can be used in implementing specific subjects (sessions) in new settings, as well as implementing the entire package of the program.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.808-834
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• 2007

This study attempts to elucidate manifold dimensions of gendered accessibility experiences. How gender roles(household responsibilities) differentiate accessibility experiences between women and men is explored through the comparison of married dual-earner couples' parental status, using the US Portland activity-travel diary dataset with GIS-based geocomputation results of(time-geography based) space-time accessibility. First, this study shows how gender division of labor within the household still permeates current society, despite the widespread belief of the social change toward a gender-egalitarian society. Then, the study pays special attention to the way gender roles structure individual accessibility experiences of women and men differently, and, in turn, the way such accessibility experiences take a form of gendered spatiality. Gendered spatiality is examined through the analysis of accessibility space as well as activity space in order to ascertain women's home-attached and spatially entrapped characteristics. More household responsibilities throughout a day and, even more, the time constraint of picking up children at the daycare centers after work lead women's possible activity space to be more home-centered. The analysis of the spatio-temporal context of accessibility space makes gendered spatiality visible. However, the findings suggest that behavioral outcomes should be understood with an explicit awareness of constraints individuals face. It is because the revealed activity spaces can be not only an outcome of constraint but also an outcome of choice. Behavioral outcomes should not be treated as a straightforward expression of the level of constraints. It is problematic to expect that behavioral outcomes directly mirror the level of constraints. It is also problematic to suppose that the level of constraints can be straightforwardly elicited from revealed behavioral outcomes.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.175-240
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand how the perception and attitude in children's education have changed over the 20th century in South Korea by searching the newspaper articles. The modernization in 20th century brought radical changes in every aspect of Korean society including education. As an educational attitude and policies from the government changed, so did the tones reflected in the newspaper articles. To sum up, there were four (4) principal changes found from this study as follows;Firstly, parental involvement and role as an educator became more important in Korean society and huge generation gap arose in attitudes towards children's education and custody. Secondly, the traditional gender-based roles of mothers' with image of love and fathers' with strength disappeared and mothers' responsibility of children's education were more emphasized during 20th century. Meanwhile, today's society is calling for an immediate return of fathers' involvement and commitment to children's education in the household. Thirdly, as the overflow of information and knowledge in 20th society caused an excessive interest in children's education, there were rising demands for establishing proper views and ideas on children's education. Lastly, the responsibilities of children's education which had been laid on household was expanded to public and government, which can be seen from the fact that an educational support from the government was extended to the children of overseas Korean as well as those residing in Korea.