• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.313-324
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• 2009

The study is to investigate mothers' parental beliefs about child development and the children's developmental tasks, and to explore the relationship between mother's parental beliefs and child-rearing behaviors. The subjects are 113 pairs of 4- to 5-year-old children and their mothers. For measuring maternal beliefs about child-development, 'beliefs about development scale' and 'child-rearing beliefs scales' were used. For mother's child-rearing behaviors, 'child rearing behavior observation scale' was used. The main results were: first, mothers value the cognitive theory and 'autonomous behavior' higher than 'conforming behavior' in developing their children. Second, there were no differences in mother's parenting beliefs in the factors of 'gender of their children' and 'maternal job status', while there were significant differences in maternal beliefs according to the levels of mother's education and family income. Third, sub-scales of their parenting beliefs were correlated with interactive behaviors between them and their children. The more mothers put importance on cognitive theory and children's autonomous behaviors, the more their supportive child-rearing behaviors during child-mother task solving situations were showed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.99-110
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the path of parental divorce on their children's emotional and behavioral problems through child-rearing behaviors and children's self-esteem. The participants were 162 children from divorced families and 194 from intact families. The Instruments used were CBQ (Children's Behaviour Questionnaire) (Rutter, 1967), Child-rearing rating scale (Park, 1995) and SEI (Self Esteem Inventory) (Coopersmith, 1967). The data were analyzed by ANCOVA and path analysis. The results were as follows. First, there were significant differences in children's emotional and behavioral problems and self-esteem, and caregivers' child-rearing behaviors between children from divorced and intact families. Second, parental divorce affected children's emotional and behavioral problems directly, as well as indirectly through child-rearing behaviors and children's self-esteem.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.535-548
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between adolescent's behavioral inhibition and social anxiety focused on the moderating effects of perceived parental rearing behaviors. Subjects were 749 7th through 9th grade students attending schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Major findings were that (1) boys' and girls' behavioral inhibition was an important factor predicting social anxiety; and (2) perceived parental rearing behaviors played the role of moderating variables on the influence of behavioral inhibition of boys' and girls' social anxiety. In the boys' group, perceived intrusion had a moderating effect on the relationships between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety; in the girls' group, perceived warmth and perceived granting of autonomy acted as moderating variables on social anxiety.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.13-27
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• 2012

This study explored the parental belief types of mothers who had defected from North Korea and found out its relationship to the mother's child-rearing behaviors and socio-demographical variables and the child's age. 89 mothers who had defected from North Korea with the youngest child being under 20 years old, responded to the questionnaire. The data were statistically analyzed by cluster analysis, MANOVA, and $X^2$-test. The results showed that the parental beliefs were clustered into 3 types: 'high child- and parent-centered & low cultural transformation'(cluster 1)(37.08%), 'low child- and parent-centered & middle cultural transformation'(cluster 2)(46.03%), and 'high child- and parent-centered & high cultural transformation'(cluster 3)(16.85%). The differences among the clusters were found in the warmth-acceptance and rejection-restriction dimensions of the mother's child-rearing behaviors. The frequencies of each cluster were meaningfully different depending on the mother's age, educational level, length of residence in South Korea, and their child's age. Based on these findings, the implications and suggestions were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.39-50
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• 1998

This study investigated the relationship between the types of parental abuse and maladjustmental behaviors of adolescents. The subjects were 448 junior and senior middle school students. Statistics were frequencies, percentile, Pearson's r-coefficient, and regression analysis. The main results of this study were as follows ; 1. There were significantly positive correlation between the types of parental abuse and maladjustmental behaviors. 2. The variables, neglect, unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, and physical abuse were found to be the important variables in predicting social withdrawal. Neglect, unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, and sex of the child were found to be the important variables in predicting hyperactivity. Neglect, emotional abuse, and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be the important variables in predicting aggression. Sex of the child, emotional abuse, and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be the important variables in predicting retreat. And, neglect and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be important variables in predicting obsessive-compulsion.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.57-74
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• 1999

The present investigation of the relations among economic hardship, parental child-rearing attitudes and adjustment in adolescence was carried out with 528 middle school children and their mothers in Kyung-gi province. Questionnaires for mothers were on economic stress, and children's questionnaires were on perceived parental attitudes as well as their own adjustment behaviors, such as aggression, depression, and negative self-concept. Adolescent boys perceived paternal child-rearing attitudes more rejecting and inconsistent when the family experienced income loss. Paternal nurturing behaviors perceived by children were also reduced under poor paternal working conditions. Change in family life style due to economic hardship resulted in higher adolescent depression.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 1988

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between paternal self-esteem, child-rearing behaviors and child's self-esteem. The secondary purpose was to examine whether there were significant relational differences according to child's sex. 272 dyads consisting of fifth and sixth grade children in elementary school and their measured by the Self-Esteem Inventory (for children), the Self-Esteem Scale (for fathers), and the Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory: Father form. Pearson's r., F-test, and Ducan's multiple range test were used for data analysis. Paternal self-esteem was significantly associated with 'parental involvement', 'reasoning guidance', and 'intimacy'. Paternal self-esteem was positively correlated with girl's self-esteem. Child's self-esteem was positively related to 'parental involvement', 'limit setting', 'responsiveness', 'reasoning guidance' and 'intimacy'. In sex differences, only boy's self-esteem wasn't related to paternal 'limit setting'. Boys' self-esteem was strongly related to 'parental involvement', and girls' self-esteem was strongly related to 'reasoning guidance'.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the infant-rearing experiences of parents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and provide foundational data for the development of infant-rearing support programs during pandemic situations. Methods: Convergent mixed methods were used to better understand the research outcomes by converging both quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 149 parents with infant-rearing experiences during the pandemic responded to a self-report survey, and 10 parents participated in the interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression. Results: Analysis of qualitative data yielded the following three categories: five theme clusters, ten themes, and thirty-nine subthemes. The factors influencing infant-rearing behavior were nuclear family (β=.34, p<.001) and rearing stress (β=-.39, p<.001). The explanatory power of the regression equation was 26.6%. Conclusion: Infectious disease disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can quickly alter infant-rearing conditions, causing heightened parental anxiety. This may affect infant-rearing behaviors and hinder healthy infant development. Future research should develop a comprehensive tool to measure holistic health-related parenting behaviors across the different stages of child development. Additionally, pediatric nurse practitioners can play an active role in educating parents, supporting parenting, and promoting healthy infant development in their communities, making pediatric nurse practitioners a highly relevant and necessary healthcare profession during infectious disease disasters. Thus, there is a need to improve institutions and build infrastructure at the national level to support them.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.87-99
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• 2004

The subjects of this investigation were 393 fourth and fifth graders from two elementary schools in Seoul and parents of these children. The level of fathers' emotional separation from the family of origin was higher than that of mothers'. Mothers were more warm acceptant and rejective restrictive than fathers; fathers were more permissive neglectful than mothers. Both fathers and mothers were more rejective restrictive of girls than of boys. Mothers with high scores in emotional separation from family of origin were more warm acceptant to their children and less rejective restrictive than those with low scores. Fathers with high scores in emotional cut off from the family of origin were more permissive neglectful behavior of their children than fathers with low scores.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.155-172
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of children's personality traits and parental child-rearing attitudes on clothing attitudes and color evaluation of preschool children. The subjects for this study consisted of 360 five-year-old children who were attending a preschool and their parents in Cheju Island Korea. Employed mothers had significantly higher score on love acceptance attitude than unemployed mothers did. Female children had more conservative attitude on clothing sex-role than male children did There were no significant gender differences in parental child-rearing attitudes. There were significant relationships between gender and preferred clothing colors. Male children were more likely to prefer blue red, green, and prussian blue for the colors of clothing than were female children while female children liked pink yellow and orange more than male children. Boys selected blue and girls selected pink as the most preferred clothing color. Overall preschool children chose red as the most preferred color black as the most disliked color. The children's sex identification by clothing color was highly consistent with the conservative attitude of adults for all colors. That is preschool children identified pink red and yellow with female color while prussian blue blue and green with male color. Clothing interest of boys was influenced by the mother's state of employment and academic trait. The boys high in academic trait and whose mothers did not have job were high in clothing interest. Clothing management of boys was influenced by emotionality and love acceptance rearing Ttitude. Clothing independednce of boys was influenced by authority control rearing attitude Clothing sex-role of boys was influenced by familism trait. The boys high in familism trait had open-hearted attitude in clothing sex-role. Clothing interest of girls was influenced by academic trait clothing management by sociality clothing independence by emotionality and clothing satisfaction by familism trait. Therefore the more positive personality children had the higher clothing interest and the more desirable clothing attitudes they had.