• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.254-282
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• 1977

To obtain information on the inheritance of the quantitative characters related with the vegetative and reproductive growth of rice, the $F_1$ seeds were obtained in 1974 from the all possible combinations of the diallel crosses among five leading rice varieties : Nongbaek, Tongil, Palgueng, Mangyeong and Gimmaze. The $F_1$'s including reciprocals and parents were grown under the standard cultivation method at Chungnam Provincial Office of Rural Development in 1975. The arrangement of experimental plots was randomized block design with 3 replications and 12 characters were used for the analysis. Analytical procedure for genetic components was followed the Griffing's and Hayman's methods and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In all $F_1$'s of Tongil crosses, the longer duration to heading was due to dominant effect of Tongil and each $F_1$ showed high heterosis in delaying the heading time. It was assumed that non-allelic gene action besides dominant gene effect might be involed in days to heading character. However, in all $F_1$'s from the crosses among parents excluding Tongil the shorter duration was due to dominant gene action and the degree of dominance was partial, since dominance effects were not greater than the additive effect. The non-allelic gene interaction was not significant. Considering the results mentioned above, it was regarded that there were two kinds of Significantly different genetic systems in the days to heading. 2. The rate of heterosis was significantly different depending upon the parents used in the crosses. For instance, the $F_1$'s from Togil cross showed high rate of heterosis in longer culm. Compared to short culm, longer culm was due to recesive gene action and short culm was due to recesive gene action. The dominant gene effect was greater than the additive gene effect in culm length. The narrow sense of heretability was very low and the maternal effects as well as reciprocal effects were significantly recognized. 3. The lenght of the of the uppermost internode of each $F_1$ plant was a little lorger than these of respective parental means or same as those of parents having long internodes, indicating partial dominance in the direction of lengthening the uppermost internodes. The additive gene effects on the uppermost internode was greater than the dominance gene effect. The narrow as well as broad sense of heritabilities for the character of the uppermost internode were very high. There were significant maternal and reciprocal effect in the uppermost internode. 4. The gene action for the flag leaf angle was rather dominance in a way of getting narrower angle. However, in the Palgueng combinations, heterosis of $F_1$ was observed in both narrow and wide angles of the flag leaf. The dominant effects were greater than the additive effects on the flag leaf angle. There were observed also a great deal of non-allelic gene interacticn on the inheritance of the flag leaf angle. 5. Even though the dominant gene action on the length and width of flag leaf was effective in increasing the length or width of the flag leaf, there were found various degrees of hetercsis depending upon the cross combination. Over-dominant gene effect were observed in the inheritance of length of the flag leaf, while additive gene effects was found in the inheritance of the width of the flag leaf. High degree of heretabilities, either narrow or broad sense, were found in both length and width of the flag leaf. No maternal and reciprocal effect were found in both characters. 6. When Tongil was used as one parent in the cross, the length of panicle of $F_1$'s was remarkedly longer than that of parents. In other cross comination, the length of panicle of $F_1$'s was close to the parental mean values. Rather greater dominent gene effect than additive gene effect was observed in the inheritance of panicle length and the dominant gene was effective in increasing the panicle length. 7. The effect of dominant genes was effective in increasing the number of panicles. The degree of heterosis was largely dependent on the cross combination. The effect of dominant gene in the inheritance of panicle number was a little greater than that of additive genes, and the inheritance of panicle number was assumed to be due to complete dominant gene effects. Significantly high maternal and reciprocal effects were found in the character studied. 8. There were minus and plus values of heterosis in the kernel number per panicle depending upon the cross combination. The mean dominant effect was effective in increasing the kernel number per panicle, the degree of dominant effect varied with cross combination. The dominant gene effect and non-allelic gene interaction were found in the inheritance of the kernel number per panicle. 9. Genetic studies were impossible for the maturing ratio, because of environmental effects such as hazards delaying heads. The dominant gene effect was responsible for improving the maturing ratio in all the cross combinations excluding Tongil 10. The heavier 1000 grain weight was due to dominant gene effects. The additive gene effects were greater than the dominant gene effect in the 1000 grain weight, indicating that partial dominance was responsible for increasing the 1000 grain weight. The heritabilites, either narrow or broad sense of, were high for the grain weight and maternal or reciprocal effects were not recognized. 11. When Tongil was used as parent, the straw weight was showing high heterosis in the direction of increasing the weight. But in other crosses, the straw weight of $F_1$'s was lower than those of parental mean values. The direction of dominant gene effect was plus or minus depending upon the cross combinations. The degree of dominance was also depending on the cross combination, and apparently high nonallelic gene interaction was observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.893-899
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• 2009

Few studies have reported the existence of imprinted genes in cattle compared to the human and mouse. Genomic imprinting is expressed in monoallelic form and it depends on a single parent-specific form of the allele. Comparative analysis of mammals other than the human is a valuable tool for explaining the genomic basis of imprinted genes. In this study, we investigated 34 common imprinted genes in the human and mouse as well as 35 known non-imprinted genes in the human. We found short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), and long terminal repeats (LTRs) in imprinted (human and mouse) and control (cattle) genes. Pair-wise comparisons for the three species were conducted using SINEs, LINEs, and LTRs. We also calculated 95% confidence intervals of frequencies of repetitive sequences for the three species. As a result, most genes had a similar interval between species. We found 11 genes with conserved SINEs, LINEs, and LTRs in the human, mouse, and cattle. In conclusion, eleven genes (CALCR, Grb10, HTR2A, KCNK9, Kcnq1, MEST, OSBPL5, PPP1R9A, Sgce, SLC22A18, and UBE3A) were identified as candidate imprinted genes in cattle.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.95-105
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• 2008

This study examined the mediation effect of life satisfaction between social support and loneliness. The subjects were two hundred and eighty fifth grade elementary school and second grade middle school adolescents in Seoul. The instruments used were questionnaires about loneliness and other factors relevant to loneliness. Social support factors existing in an adolescent's external environment include the support of parents, peers, and teachers. And life satisfaction as a psychological characteristic was concerned with the adolescent's sense of self, school life, home environment, and family relations. Data were analyzed by using the t-test, Pearson's correlation and regression. Major findings were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in parent and teacher support, satisfaction with school life, home environment, and family relations between early adolescents and mid adolescents. (2) Parental, peer, and teacher support, contentment with oneself, school life, home environment, and family relations were negatively related to the fifth-grade early adolescent's loneliness. Peer support and contentment with oneself, school life, and home environment were negatively related to the second-grade middle adolescent's loneliness. (3) Life satisfaction had a mediation effect between peer, parental, and teacher support and loneliness in fifth grade early adolescence. Whole life satisfaction had a mediation effect between only peer support and loneliness.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 1997

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutant CH117, shows a drug-hypersensitivity (dhs) to cycloheximide, bleomycin, actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil. nystatin, nigericin and several other antibiotics. CH 117 was also temperature-sensitive (ts). being unable to grow at $37^{\circ}C$ and secreted more invertase and acid phosphatase into the medium than the parent yeast. CH117 grows very slowly and the cell shape is somewhat larger and more sensitive to zymolyase than the wild type cells. Light microscopic and electron microscopic observation also revealed abnormality of the mutant cell wall. These characteristics indicate that CH117 has a defect in an essential component of the cell surface and that the cell wall which performs barrier functions has become leaky in the mutant. We screened a genomic library of wild type yeast for clones that can complement the mutation of CH117. A plasmid, pCHX1, with an insert of 3.6 kilobases (kbs) could complement the dhs and ts of CH117. Deletion and subcloning of the 3.6 kb insert showed that a gene for the complementation of mutant phenotypes was located in 1.9 kbs Puvll-Hindlll fragment.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.498-507
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• 2002

A gene that encodes a thermostable protease, coined thermicin, has been isolated from Thermoanaerobacter yonseiensis that is expressed and characterized in E. coli.. In order to elucidate the molecular characteristics on thermostability of the enzyme, molecular modeling and mutagenesis technology were applied. In the modeling structure, the structural core, including the active site, was well conserved; whereas, the two loop regions were unique when compared to thermitase. The mutant enzyme with the small loop deleted (D190-I196), based on modeling structural information, showed identical enzyme activity. However, when the large loop was deleted (P233-P244), a little lower $K_m$ and even a lower kcat was found. This indicates that the large loop could influence catalytic activity. However, the unfolding temperature ($T_m$), which was determined by a differential-scanning calorimetry for the mutant enzyme deleted the small loop, was $96^{\circ}C$. This is $14^{\circ}C$ lower than that for the parent thermicin. These results suggest that the small loop may play a role in maintaining the proper folding of the enzyme at high temperatures, whereas the large loop might be related to catalysis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.227-230
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• 2001

Bioassay techniques using young leaves and roots were developed to screen resistance of Atractylis spp. against Phytophthora drechsleri. Among 638 plants collected from various regions of Korea from 1994 to 1996, 67 were pre-screened in fields naturally infested with P. drechsleri, which is the causal pathogen of rhizome rot of Atractylis. Among the pre-screened sources, 18 (ca. 26.8%) were highly resistant to the pathogen in leaf inoculation. In the root inoculation test, abundant sporangia were formed in susceptible plant roots, while only a few or no sporangia were produced on the roots which were found resistant in the leaf inoculation test. Among the selected resistant plants, A. japonica 96066 and 96104 were used to cross with another species, A. macrocephala 96362 that showed high yield with good quality of rhizome but susceptible to the pathogen. The F$_1$hybrids designated as HA03 turned out to be resistant to the pathogen, indicating that resistant gene(s) was inherited. Among intra-species hybrids of A. japonica, HA07 and HA09 were resistant to the pathogen in leaf inoculation and moderate in root inoculation. However, HA08 was susceptible in both inoculation tests. This result suggests that the parent material might be genetically heterogeneous. Further genetic study should be carried out to verify this phenomenon.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 1991

The yeast L-A virus (4.6 kb dsRNA genome) encodes the major coat protein and a "gag-pol" fusion minor coat protein that separately encapsidate itself and $M_{1}$, a 1.8 kb dsRNA satellite virus encoding a secreted protein toxin (the killer toxin). The teast chromosomal SKI genes prevent viral cytopathology by lowering the virus copy number. Thus, $ski^{-}$ mutants are ts and cs for growth. We transformed a ski2-2 virus-infested mutant with a yeast bank in a high copy cloning vector and selected the rare healthy transformants for analysis. One type of transformant segregated M-O L-A-O cells with high frequency. Elimination of the DNA clone from the ski2-2 strain eliminated this phinotype and introduction of the DNA clone recovered from such transformants into the parent ski2-2 strain, or into ski3 or ski6 mutants gave the same phenotype. This killer-curing phenotype was due to the curing of the helper L-A dsRNA virus. The 6.5 kb insert only had this activity when carried on a high copy vector and in $ski^{-}$ cells (not in $SKI^{+}$ cells). This 6.5 kb insert acts as a mutagen on L-A dsRNA producing a high rate of deletion mutations.mutations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1473-1481
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• 2018

A cellulase hyperproducing mutant strain, JNDY-13, was obtained using the ARTP mutation system and with Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 as the parent strain. Whole-genome sequencing of JNDY-13 confirmed that 105 of the 653 SNPs were point mutations, 336 mutations were deletions and 165 were insertions. Moreover, 99 mutations were insertions and duplications. Among all the mutations, the one that occurred in the galactokinase gene might be related to the production of cellulases in T. reesei JNDY-13. Moreover, the up-regulation of cellulase and hemicellulase genes in JNDY-13 might contribute to higher cellulases production. Under optimal conditions, the highest cellulase activity by batch fermentation reached 4.35 U/ml, and the highest activity of fed-batch fermentation achieved was 5.40 U/ml.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.2 s.80
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• pp.209-219
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effect of individual-, parents-, and game-related variables on game addiction. Totally, 1065 10 to 18-year-olds participated and completed questionnaires. Male students had more tendency to game addition than female students. No difference in the level of addiction, however, was appeared among elementary, junior-high, and high school groups, which means that many young children are already Same-addicted. More severely addicted children and adolescents showed higher level of impulsivity, more difficulties in communication with their parents, and more expectation of psychological gratification and interpersonal relationship through the internet games. The relative effects of these independent variables to game addiction were different among gender*school groups. Firstly, impulsivity was significant only in boys of elementary group. Secondly, for the junior-high group, communication with father and mother was important to boys and girls, repectively. Lastly, expected gratification from gaming itself mainly predicted high school students' game addiction, irrespective of gender. The findings of this study suggest that earlier intervention to young garners should be carried out. It is also indicated that parents' and teachers' role for guidance of the internet games would be different with children's gender and developmental stages.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 1999

To study races of Heterodera glycines in Korea, 21 soil samples were collected from eight provinces in 1995. Four races were found; race 3(48%) was a dominant race flowed by race 5(24%), race 1(19%), and race 6(9%). About 30~40% of H. glycines populations reproduced on Pickett and PI88788, while non reproduced on Peking or PI90763. Development of resistant soybean cultivar targeting to race 5 and 6 of H. glycines using PI90763 and PI88788 as a parent is recommended.