• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.737-748
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• 1995

Osteoblast(OBL) cells were isolated from ICR Swiss neonatal mouse calvarial tissues and cultured in a CO2 incubator with minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 0.25g BSA. The cells were cultured for 7 days and were treated with bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH, 1-34) and calcitonin(CT). Enzyme activities related to mineral metabolism and other biochemical actions within the bone cells including protein phosphorylation were investigated. In other experiments using cultured calvarial bone tissues, hormones were treated for 24, 48, 72 or 96 hours. The activities of $\beta$-glucuronidase enzymes involved in bone collagen synthesis and mineral deposits were increased by 8% with bPTH and were inhibited with CT treatment, while those were 67% increase treated with bPTH and CT together. On the other hand, alkaline phophatase(AP) activities were inhibited by PTH hormone at all the time courses observed. Protein phosphorylation reaction in OBL was mediated by bPTH, cAMP and ionized Ca. Phosphorylation was observed in different cell fractions including homogenate, membrane and cytosol. The number of proteins phosphorylated by PTH, cAMP, and Ca were 10, 5, and 9, respectively. Most of the protein kinases(PKs) were existed in cytosolic compartment. In membrane fractions, two bPTH-dependent-PKs (70K, 50K Da) were observed of which 70K Da protein was also Ca-dependent. Most of the cAMP-dependent PKs were regulated via bPTH. 70K, 50K, 5K, 19K, 16K, 10.5K phosphoproteins regulated by Ca share the same pathways as those by bPTH-dependent proteins. Ca seems to regulate PK activities differently from cAMP.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2017

To date, no clear threshold that has been established for defining an adequate store of vitamin D for bone health. Therefore, this study aims to determine the required level of vitamin D to maintain a healthy skeleton based on bone remodelling process among healthy adult population. This was a cross sectional study, involving a healthy adult population in Kota Bharu, Malaysia, aged 18~50 years. We measured serum 25(OH)D (vitamin D), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), and Procollagen 1 Intact N-Terminal (P1NP) in 120 healthy adults selected via multi stage sampling (64 males, 56 females) from 6 subdistricts in Kota Bharu. The mean level of 25(OH)D was 23.50 (${\pm}8.74$) nmol/L. There was a significant difference of the vitamin D level between genders ($26.81{\pm}8.3nmol/L$ vs $19.72{\pm}7.68nmol/L$ in males and females respectively) (p value<0.001). More than 50% of female subjects had 25(OH)D less than 20 nmol/L, while only 20.3% of male subjects had 25(OH)D below 20 nmol/L. Based on the LOESS plot, the bone turnover markers showed a plateauing result, at the 25(OH)D level of 35 nmol/L for CTX and 20 nmol/L for P1NP. Contrastingly, PTH showed a step rise in the 25(OH)D level of 20 nmol/L. Based on the LOESS plot for CTX, P1NP and PTH versus 25(OH)D, level of vitamin D between 20 to 35 nmol/L is recommended to maintain healthy skeleton.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.127-131
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• 2005

Purpose : We performed the present study to investigate whether osteotropic hormomes play roles on the nitric oxide (NO) production in culture of ROS 17/12.8 osteoblastic cells. Materials and Methods : The osteoblastic cell line ROS17/2.8 cells were cultured In F12 medium supplemented with $5\%$ fetal bovine serum (FBS) at $37^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of $5\%\;CO_2$ in air. ROS17/2.8 cells were plated in 96-well plates at a density of $2-3\times10^3cells/well$ and grown to confluence. Then the cells were pretreated with osteotropic hormones (parathyroid hormone (PTH) 20-500 ng/mL, 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol $(1,\;25[OH]_2D_3)$ 1-100 nM; prostaglandin $E_2 (PGE_2)$ 20-500 ng/mL in the medium supplemented with $0.4\%$ FBS for 72 hours and the cells were treated with cytokines $(TNF{\alpha}\;and\;IFN{\gamma})$ in phenol red-free F12 medium for an additional 48 hours. NO synthesis was assessed by measuring the nitrite anion concentration, the reaction product of NO, in the cell culture medium using Griess reagent. Results : PTH and $1,\;25[OH]_2D_3$ pretreatment induced a significant increase in NO production in the presence of $TNF{\alpha}\;and\;IFN{\gamma}.\;PGE_2$ slightly induced NO production compared to the control group. But, $PGE_2$ pretreatment did not affect in NO production in the presence of $TNF{\alpha}\;and\;IFN{\gamma}$. Conclusions : These results suggest that the actions of osteotropic hormones In bone metabolism may be partially mediated by NO in the presence of cytokines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2008

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of level of isoflavones supplementation on bone metabolism in growing female rats. Forty-five rats divided into three groups; Control, l/2IF, and lIF. Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks value were measured to monitor bone formation and resorption at the ninth week after feeding. Hormones related to bone metabolism were determined, included parathyroid hormone (PTH) , calcitonin, estradiol, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The results of this study were as follows: the isoflavones intake level did not affect weight gain, mean food intake and food efficiency ratio. The serum concentration of osteocalcin and the activity ofALP were not significantly different by different levels of isoflavones supplementation. The urinary DPD crosslinks value was not significantly different by different levels ofisoflavones supplementation. There were no significant differences in serum PTH, estradiol and IGFI among all groups. However, calcitonin was shown significantly higher in the groups of lIF and l/2IF than control group. And growth hormone was shown significantly higher in the groups of lIF than control group. (Korean J Nutr 2008; 41(3): 199~205)

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.51-54
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• 2011

Vitamin D is present in two forms, ergocalciferol (vitamin $D_2$) produced by plants and cholecalciferol (vitamin $D_3$) produced by animal tissues or by the action of ultraviolet light on 7-dehydrocholesterol in human skin. Both forms of vitamin D are biologically inactive pro-hormones that must undergo sequential hydroxylations in the liver and the kidney before they can bind to and activate the vitamin D receptor. The hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 $[1,25(OH)_2D]$, plays an essential role in calcium and phosphate metabolism, bone growth, and cellular differentiation. Renal synthesis of $1,25(OH)_2D$ from its endogenous precursor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), is the rate-limiting and is catalyzed by the $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase. Vitamin D dependent rickets type I (VDDR-I), also referred to as vitamin D $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency or pseudovitamin D deficiency rickets, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by hypotonia, muscle weakness, growth failure, hypocalcemic seizures in early infancy, and radiographic findings of rickets. Characteristic laboratory features are hypocalcemia, increased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and low or undetectable serum concentrations of $1,25(OH)_2D$ despite normal or increased concentrations of 25OHD. Recent advances have showed in the cloning of the human $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and revealed mutations in its gene that cause VDDR-I. This review presents the biology of vitamin D, and $1{\alpha}$-hydroxylase mutations with clinical findings.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1997

A lysosomal and matrix degrading enzyme $\beta$-glucuronidase activity was measured in BALS/c mice fed high and low Ca in combination with the i.p. adminstration of calcium-regulating hormones including parathyoid hormone(PTH), calcitonin(CT) and cholecalciferol(Vit D). After feeding experimental diets for five weeks, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the enzyme was fluometrically measured at 440nm. $\beta$-Glucuronidase activity was inhibited by high calcium in the diet. in addition, vitamin D also inhibited the enzyme activity in the serum regardless of the level of dietary calcium. In contrast, PTH has shown to stimulate the enzyme at all the levels of dietary calcium. Calcitonin, and inhibitor of PTH action for bone resorption, revealed to curb PTH effect in this enzyme, whereas CT stimulated the action of vitamin D in the serum. The above results led us to conclude that osteoclastic bone resorption and senile osteoporosis may be reduced by adequate dietary calcium and vitamin D.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.495-497
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• 2017

Thalassemia major is a genetic disorder with a defective synthesis of either the alpha or the beta chain of hemoglobin A. Blood transfusion is crucial for the survival in these patients. Unfortunately, endocrine dysfunction is a very common complication in these patients and is principally due to excessive iron overload as a result of frequent blood transfusions. Although regular blood transfusion may increase life expectancy, disturbances in growth and pubertal development, abnormal gonadal functions, impaired thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal functions, diabetes, and disorderly bone growth are common side effects. We hereby present a case of a 23-year-old, unmarried woman with beta thalassemia major presenting with primary amenorrhea, poor development of secondary sexual character, and short stature. Thorough history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigation, including dynamic function test (insulin tolerance test) were conducted. These tests confirmed that she had multiple endocrinopathies, including hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency, and subclinical adrenal insufficiency, which were caused by iron overload. She required hormone replacement therapy. Early recognition of possible deficiencies in hypothalamo-pituitary-end organ hormones caused by iron overload in thalassemia patients that undergo frequent blood transfusion procedures is essential. Appropriate treatments, including transfusion regimen and chelation therapy, as well as specific treatment of each complication are the crucial for the successful management and improvement of quality of life these patients.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2007

The Function of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is to control calcium levels by altering PTH (parathyroid hormone) secretion and renal calcium resorption. The influence of calcium on the basal and stimulated release of several hormones from chicken pituitary glands has been determined in vitro. The objective of this study was to identify SNP in chicken CaSR gene and to investigate the effect of the SNP on economic traits. The sequencing analysis method was used to identify nucleotide polymorphisms within chicken CaSR gene. This study identified SNP at position 1949 bp(Genebank accession No : XM_416491) in the exon 1. The SNP changed the amino acid to alanine(GCC) from serine(TCC). This SNP showed three genotypes, AA, AS and SS by digestion with the restriction enzyme NcoⅠ using the PCR-RFLP method. The A963S showed significant effect only on the first lay day (P<0.05) in Leghorn population. Leghorn with the genotype AA had significantly faster the first lay day(137.6) than the genotype AS(143.0, P<0.05). Also, the A963S showed significant effect only on the first lay day(P<0.05) and mean of egg weight(P<0.05) in KNC population. KNC with the genotypes AA ans AS had significantly faster the first lay day (151.0 and 152.6, respectively) than the genotype SS(159.4, P<0.05). And the genotypes SS had significantly heavier the mean of egg weight(50.4 kg, P<0.05) than the genotype AA ans AS (47.5 and 47.8 kg, respectively). According to result of this study, an a allele of the A963S was found to have a significant effect on the first lay day. It will be possible to use this SNP marker on selecting chicken to improve the first lay day.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2012

Purpose : Since standard solution is the one that knows its exact concentration, the curve of the dissolution has been determined according to the amount of the solution, compared to the amount of the unknown sample. Therefore, the antigen that makes up standard materials should be made in a pure form. The configuration of the standard substance solution in the kit we use is a freeze-dried material, or made and comes as a liquid. Lyophilized reference material is used after dissolving in usually D.W. (Distilled Water), and if the antigen to use is too sensitive, reagents should be freeze-dried. Furthermore, when freeze-dried reference has to be frozen again after being dissolved, it should be kept under $-20^{\circ}C$ until the expiration date according to the reports. Since it is not expressed in the experiment if it is safe or stable to reuse the solution which was dissolved a few times, thus, this time it is tested and evaluated that the changes of the standard solution by freezing and melting several times, and its results and the effectiveness of it were compared to the solution which was kept in a fridge. Materials and Methods : Among Vitro diagnostic kits on the market made by radioimmunoassay, parathyroid hormone (PTH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) are made of freeze-dried standard solution and all composed of the same Lot.NO. These hormones melted in D.W. and were separated into three groups. In the first group, melting and freezing were repeated, and in the second group, The solution only for one time use was put into a test tube after melting and freeze it. The third group was kept in the refrigerator. This experiment has been conducted from January to February in 2012. January to 2012. PH test was employed because ph is prone to changing depending on the change of protein. Each group of the standard solution, cpm (counter per minute), and the patient relative concentration values were compared by date, and Through the correlation coefficient and Paired t-test, the significant level of each group was analyzed. Results : ACTH, PTH, LH pH values were too subtle denaturation rather than numerical changes in the protein. In addition, when the standard solution of ACTH, PTH, LH was refrigerated, after 3 days and 7 days, there was a significant difference observed between the solution being kept in a refrigerator and a freezer within a significance level. Conclusion : Standard solution should be kept in a freezer, and being kept in a fridge, it is recommended to use the solution as soon as possible.