• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2005

Objectives : A morphological classification among Achyranthes japonica Nakai (produced in Korea), A. bidentata Blume (imported from China), and Cyathula officinalis Kuan (used in China exclusively) was made through microscopic observation. Method : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Result : 1. Korean A. japonica Nakai has slim roots, whose diameter is $1{\sim}5\;mm$. 1) Most of its intersection is stele, which includes a lot of vascular bundles. The inside of vascular bundles shows the arrangement of $2{\sim}4$ cycles, the innermost wheel of which is divided into two parts. 2) Parts of parenchymatous cell include Crystal sand of calcium oxalate. 2. The diameter of the roots of Chinese A. bidentata Blume is $0.4{\sim}1\;cm$. 1) The xylem in the vascular bundle in the middle of its intersection is rather big, around which the inner parts of the vascular bundles are arranged in the shape of $2{\sim}4$ cycles around. The most outside part of it is small, and the middle part is gathered into $2{\sim}3$ groups. 2) Parts of parenchymatous cells include Crystal sand of calcium oxalate. 3. The roots of Chinese C. officinalis Kuan is thick, whose diameter is $0.5{\sim}3\;cm$. 1) Vascular bundle of its intersection is spotted, arranged in the shape of $4{\sim}11$ concentric circles, whose center is divided into $2{\sim}9$ groups. 2) Parenchymatous cells include crystal sand and square crystal of calcium oxalate. Conclusion : It is concluded that Achyranthes japonica Nakai, A. bidentata Blume, and C. officinalis Kuan have different shapes in both external forms and internal intersections, so that they can be easily distinguished from one another through microscopic observation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Objectives : Due to morphological similarity, many substitutes and counterfeits have been used as Moktong for thousands of years. This study was designed to determine discriminative criteria for identifying medicinal herbs used as Moktong. Methods : Akebia quinata, A. trifoliata, Clematis armandii, and Aristolochia manshuriensis were collected in various regions. Samples were authenticated and examined by observation and microscopy with paraffin embedding and triple staining using the modified Ju staining method. Results : Three different types of features to establish discriminative criteria for four kinds of Moktong were identified. Botanical features include differences in phyllotaxy, leaf shape, and caulescent. External morphological features were arrangement and size of fine holes(xylem), and overall shape of the section. Internal morphological features include the number of medullary rays, shape of the pitch, type of tissues rounding pitch, appearance of annual rings, shape and amount of crystals(calcium-oxalate), and the appearance of cork cambium. Further details(e.g. identification keys) are in the article. Conclusions : These criteria could provide an effective method for identifying numerous kinds of Moktong distributed in markets throughout northeast Asian nations.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성언어의학회 2003년도 제19회 학술대회
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• pp.180-180
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• 2003

Objectives : Vocal fold augmentation by injectable material under direct visual control is an easy and simple operation. However, when autologous fat or bovine collagen is used, resorption creates a problem. And autologous fascia is debating about absorption now days. This study is to evaluate the histology of minced and injected autologous auricular cartilage and fat graft in the augmentation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis using a canine model. Methods : Nine dogs were operated. At first, a piece of auricular cartilage was harvested from ear and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel. And also, a piece of fat tissue was harvested from inguinal area and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel. Cutting off a section of the recurrent nerve paralyzed the right vocal fold. The minced cartilage and fat-paste (0.2ml) was injected using a pressure syringe into the paralyzed thyroarytenoid muscle under direct laryngoscopy. Two animals were sacrificed at 3 days, three at 3 weeks, two at 3 months, one at 6 months, one at 12 months. Each dog underwent laryngectomy and serial coronal sections of paraffin blocks from the posterior part of the vocal fold were made. Results : There was no significant complication perioperatively and during follow-up. There was acute inflammatory findings in the graft at 3 days and 3 weeks. The injected cartilage remained in the larynx until 12 months. Conclusion : The autologous auricular cartilage graft is well tolerated and may be very effective material for volumetric augmentation on paralyzed vocal cord.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1994

The morphological changes of Sertoli cells of the Korean native pheasant were studied in the active and inactive spermatogenic phases. Twenty-four male of the pheasants were studied in the active (April~June) and inactive(August~March) phase. These data are useful in studying the male genital organs of the Korean native pheasant. Light microscopic morphological changes of the Sertoli cells were studied on paraffin-embedded sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain. Ultrastructural changes of Sertoli cells were investigated of ultrathin section using electron microscope. Results are summarized as follows: During the active phase, the average diameter of seminiferous tubule was $245.33{\pm}29.93{\mu}m$ and was largely decreased by $94.50{\pm}14.10{\mu}m$, and the thickness of interstitial tissue was comparatively increased during the inactive phase. During the active phase, in the cytoplasmic process of Sertoli cell and lipid droplets appeared disperse. Well-developed smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and microtuble were observed in the cytoplasmic process. The nuclei of Sertoli cells were adjacent to the basement membrane. The size of nuclei was reduced and nuclei of Sertoli cells were densely packed within the tubule. Few collagen fibers, fibroblast and various sizes of lipid droplets were observed in the interstitial cell of the seminiferous tubule.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1999

Objectives: The epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) family has been increasingly recognized as an important component in the control of normal cell proliferation and the pathogenesis of cancer. To confirm the usefulness of epidermal growth factor receptor as a tumor marker, we initiated this study. Materials and Methods: EGFR was measured by immunohistochemical staining using EGFR antibody. It was performed on section from paraffin blocks of 65 thyroid tissue including 33 paillary carcinoma, 11 follicular carcinoma, 11 nodular hyperplasia, 5 follicular adenoma and 5 normal thyroid tissue. We evaluated morphologic characteristic of various thyroid neoplasms, and the relationship between EGFR and other prognostic factors in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Results: The expression of EGFR was commonly found in neoplasms of thyroid, with trend for stronger staining in the more malignant tumor(p=0.000). Also the expression of EGFR in papillary thyroid cancer related to tumor characters including tumor size(p=0.042), extent(p=0.024) and prognostic features including AMES scores(p=0.019). The strong EGFR staining in papillary carcinoma was significantly associated with tumor recurrence(p=0.003). Conclusions: EGFR may have a role in the regulation of normal and neoplastic thyroid cell growth. EGFR status may help predict the clinical course of patients with malignant thyroid neoplasms. However, the study of more cases will be needed for significance of the information about the EGFR as an independent prognostic factor.

• 태양에너지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1998

태양열 응용을 위한 한 방편으로 캡슐화된 PCM을 이용한 유동층 축열조에서 축열 및 방열과정에서 열전달 특성을 살펴보았다. 유동층 축열조는 원통형으로 높이는 40cm, 직경은 5.0cm 이었다. 축열물질은 무기염의 일종인 sodium acetate 였으며, 이것은 파라핀 왁스와 PMMA 로 코팅되었다. 캡슐화된 PCM의 크기는 약 $2{\sim}3mm$였으며, 용융점은 $58^{\circ}C$였다. 축열 및 방열과정시 유동층 축열조의 시간에 따른 온도분포, 순간 열저장 및 방출 속도를 측정하였으며 이로부터 유동층 축열조의 체적 열전달 계수를 도출하였다. 또한 유동층 축열조의 조업변수인 열전달 유체의 유속, 유입온도에 대한 열전달 계수의 영향도 관찰하였다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Runx2 and Osterix, the transcription factors for osteoblast differentiation, are known as fundamental factors to regulate the development of calcified tissues. However, the biological functions of these factors in the development of the periodontal tissues remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the distribution of Runx2 and Osterix during periodontal tissue development of the mice. Mandibles from 14-day-old mice were prepared for paraffin section. Serial sections of the mandible containing $1^{st}$ molar tooth germs were obtained as a thickness of $7\;{\mu}m$. Some sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Others were used for immunohistochemistry for PCNA, Runx2, and Osterix. Epithelial cells in growing end of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and mesenchymal cells adjacent to the growing end of HERS expressed PCNA. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and hard tissue forming cells like cementoblasts and osteoblasts in early stage of differentiation expressed Runx2. Fully differentiated cementoblasts and osteoblasts secreting matrix proteins expressed Osterix. However, the cells terminated the matrix formation did not express Osterix. Periodontal ligament cells expressed Runx2 and Osterix. Pulp cells expressed Runx2 only. These results suggest that Runx2 and Osterix might regulate the differentiation of cementoblasts in the same manner as osteoblasts. Runx2 might participate in the process of cementoblast differentiation in early stage, whether Osterix might regulate the maturation and matrix synthesis of the cells.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 1999

This investigation studied the effect of ovariectomy on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rat. Forty female Sprauge-Dawley strain white rats, each weighing about 200grams were used and divided into two groups. The one group was performed ovariectomy, and the other was performed sham operation. Both group were killed at the intervals of 3 days, 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively, paraffin section were stained with H&E, MT and histomorphometric study of the TMJ was performed in a synchronous manner with an sham operated control group The result were as follows: 1. At 4 weeks after ovariectomy, an adhesion between the inferior surface of the articular disc and the condyle was observed in the central portion. At 8 weeks after ovariectomy, a focal thickening of the bone (osteophyte) was observed in anterior portion and there was a marked decrease in the trabecular bone in the posterior region. 2. The thickness of cartilage zone was increased at 2 weeks postopratively in the central portion, and decreased at 4 weeks postopratively in the posterior portion. The thickness of transitional zone was decreased at 1 week postoperatively in the anterior and proliferating zone was decreased postoperatively. The thickness of articular zone was decreased at 3 days postopratively in the anterior portion, and decreased at 1 week postoperatively in the central portion. From the above finding, we could conclue that estrogen deficiency in rats causes alteration of TMJ in marked early stage.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

Objectives : This study is aimed at establishing the discriminative criteria for Adenophorae Radix (AT; Sasam), Codonopsis Lanceolatae Radix (CL; Yangyu) and Adenophorae Remotiflori Radix (AR; Jeni). Because of confusable publications and the similitude of herb shape, CL and AR have been used as AT in the markets. Methods : We firstly discriminated and confirmed AT, CL and AR through observing the external morphology of original plants. Then, external-internal morphological features of the medicinal herbs were studied. A stereoscope was used to determine macroscopic features of dried herbal medicines and a microscope was conducted to examine internal features with the samples, which were embedded in paraffin and stained. Results : 1. The original plant of CL was discriminated with the stem shape in comparison with others. AT and AR were classified by the leaf position of original plant. 2. In the macroscopic morphological study of medicinal herbs, CL had lumps, which seem like a wart. Also, AT and AR were different in the density of cross section. 3. In the microscopic morphological study of the medicinal herbs, the phloem, fissures and the arrangement of xylem were selected as discriminative criteria for 3 kinds of herbs. With these contents, we suggested the identification keys, including further details. Conclusions : These results, especially identification keys, will be helpful to distinguish 3 kinds of herbs, referred to as a 'Sasam'. Moreover, macroscopic and microscopic methods used in this article would be applicable tools for the discrimination of other herbs.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Objectives : Saururus chinensis and Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) are perennial herbs using for medicinal purposes in Korea. The objectives of this study are to compare anatomical key characters between two medicinal plants and to provide fundamental information for the identification of two herbal medicines by using anatomical features. Methods : Cross-sections of root, rhizome, stem, petiole, and leaf for each species were observed in this study. Materials were analyzed through dehydration, paraffin embedding and micro-sectioning, and double staining with Safranin O and Fast-Green FCF. Observations of permanent preparation were conducted using light microscope. Results : S. chinensis and H. cordata were distinguished with anatomical differentiations; Idioblasts with essential oil were scattered in the parenchyma cell of cortex, pith, and phloem of S. chinensis, on the other hand, in H. cordata, idioblasts were distributed ring-shaped in the cortex of the root. S. chinensis had two cycles of vascular bundles in the stem while H. cordata had one cycle. Hypodermis layer was conspicuous in a stem of H. cordata, crystals were observed the only parenchyma in a stem of S. chinensis, and epidermal oil cells were developed in the epidermis of H. cordata. S. chinensis had air cavity at the cortex and pith of the stem. The shape of cross-section was polygonal in the stem of S. chinensis and was circular in the stem of H. cordata. Conclusions : We investigated anatomical study of Korean S. chinensis and H. cordata. To identify two herbal medicines, we considered main anatomical features and provided identification key here.