• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.390-401
• /
• 1997

In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of New Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (NCL), effects of Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (CL) and NCL were compared. In isolated rat aorta, NCL and CL showed the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10$^{-6}$ M) without regard to intact endothelium or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presences of the inhibitor of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect the relaxation of NCL and CL. NCL and CL inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NCL and CL significantly decreased heart rate. NCL and CL, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effect that was a decrease of LVDP and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In excised guinea-pig papillary muscle, NCL and CL had no effects on parameters of action potential at low doses, whereas inhibited the cardiac contractility at high doses. These results suggested that NCL and CL have weak cardiovascular effects with relaxation of blood vessels and decrease of heart rate, and that this effect is no significant differences between two preparations.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.485-493
• /
• 2005

We studied the effects of trazodone on arterial blood pressure in anesthesized guinea pigs, and on vascular responses in isolated thoracic aorta. Trazodone produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted endothelium intact (+E) rings, but not in a KCl-precontracted aortic rings. These relaxant effects of trazodone on +E rings were significantly greater than those on denuded (-E) rings. The trazodone-induced relaxation was suppressed by glibenclamide and tetrabutylammonium, but not by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue (MB), nifedipine, indomethacin, 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC) and clotrimazole. In vivo, infusion of trazodone elicited a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure. Trazodone-induced blood pressure lowering was markedly inhibited by intravenous pretreatment of prazosin but not by pretreatment of saponin, L-NNA, L-NAME, MB, nifedipine, glibenclamide, clotrimazole and NCDC. In addition, trazodone produced an increase in twitch force of isolated papillary muscle and left ventricular pressure of perfused heart. These findings suggest that the endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of trazodone may be explained by activation of $Ca^{2+}$-activated and ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels, and the hypotensive effect of trazodone is not associated with cardiac contraction.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.66-78
• /
• 1999

In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (NSCL), effects of Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (SCL) and NSCL were compared. In isolated rat aorta, NSCL and SCL showed the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10$^{-6}$ M) regardless to intact endothelium or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presences of the inhibitor of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect the relaxing effect of NSCL and SCL. NSCL and SCL inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NSCL and SCL significantly decreased heart rate. NSCL and SCL, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effect that was a decrease of left ventricular developed pressure and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In excised guinea-pig papillary muscle, NSCL and SCL had no effects on parameters of action potential such as resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, APD$_{90}$ and V$_{max}$ at low doses, whereas inhibited the cardiac contractility at high doses. These results suggested that NSCL and SCL have weak cardiovascular effects with relaxation of blood vessels and decrease of heart rate, and that this effect is no significant differences between cardiovascular effects of two preparations.s.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2005

Objectives: Various techniques of endoscopic thyroidectomy have been developed in thyroid resection since 1998 in the aspect of excellent cosmetic viewpoint. Of them, we evaluated our experiences and advantages of gasless axillary approach technique for resection of dominant thyroid nodules. Material and Methods: Twenty-nine cases of thyroid nodules were operated by the technique of gasless axillary approach during one year from December 2003 to December 2004. Twenty four patients underwent total lobectomy and five patients were partial lobectomy. Results: The operation time of first case took 300 minutes, however it became gradually shortened with case experiences down to 100-120 minutes. Pathologically, nodular hyperplasia was twenty cases, follicular adenoma five cases, papillary carcinoma three patients, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis one patient. There was no case of conversion to open thyroidectomy. Three cases of postoperative hoarseness were recovered spontaneously in 3 months. Hospital stay was four days for most patients. The cosmetic result was excellent without visible scar in anterior neck and chest. Conclusion: Endoscopic thyroidectomy via gasless axillary approach shows excellent result in cosmetic view point with hidden incision scar at axilla, and shorter hospitalization. However a question of longer operation time for dissection of the long plane over pectoral muscle is still remained.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 1995

The effect of ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor(${\alpha}_1$-AR) stimulation on intracellular pH($pH_i$), $Na^+$ activity($a_{Na}{^i}$) and contractility were investigated in isolated papillary muscles of euthyroid or hyperthyroid guinea pig with conventional microelectrode, $Na^+$ or $H^+$-selective microelectrodes, and tension transducer. Stimulation of the ${\alpha}_1$-AR by phenylephrine produced a decrease in $a_{Na}{^i}$ in euthyroid preparations. This decrease in $a_{Na}{^i}$ was abolished in presence of PKC activator, phorbol dibutyrate, and increased contrary to decrease. Phenylephrine also increased $a_{Na}{^i}$ in hyperthyroid ones. However, phenylrephtine produced an increase in $pH_i$ in both euthyroid and hyperthyroid ones. These changes were blocked by prazosin, an antagonist of ${\alpha}_1$-AR. These findings suggest that the changes in $a_{Na}{^i}$ and $pH_i$ are mediated by a stimulation of $Na^+-H^+$ exchange via ${\alpha}_1$-AR stimulation. This study focused on the increase in $a_{Na}{^i}$, $pH_i$ and contractility. The increase in $pH_i$ was blocked by amiloride or EIPA, $Na^+-H^+$ exchange inhibitors. Therefore, the increase in $a_{Na}{^i}$ and $pH_i$ mediated by ${\alpha}_1$-AR appeared to be due to an influx of $Na^+$ and a reduction of $H^+$ through $Na^+-H^+$ exchange. This study also revealed that the increase in $pH_i$ and $a_{Na}{^i}$ might be related to the sustained positive inotropic response. The $a_{Na}{^i}$ increase may contribute to the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange, and the $pH_i$ increase could cause an increase in the $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity of myofilaments and may augment the ${\alpha}_1$-AR-mediated positive inotropic response.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.237-250
• /
• 1999

In order to investigate the pharmacologic properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill(NSCH), effects of Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (SCH) and NSCH were compared using various experimental models. In rat aorta, NSCH and SCH made the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10-6 M) regardless to endothelium containing or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presence of the inhibitors of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect significantly the relaxing effects of NSCH and SCH. NSCH and SCH inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NSCH and SCH decreased significantly heart rate. These, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effects that was a decrease of left ventricular developed pressure and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In guinea-pig papillary muscle, these had no effects on parameters of action potential such as action potential amplitude (APA), $V_{max}$ and resting membrane potential (RMP) at low doses, whereas inhibitory the cardiac contractility at high doses. Furthermore, these had a significant inhibitory effects on palpitation of the heart in normotensive rats and SHRs. These had a significant inhibitory effects on palpitation of the heart in normotensive rats and SHRs. These results suggest that NSCH and SCH have weak cardiovascular effects, and that there is no significant differences between cardiovascular effects of two preparations.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.32-42
• /
• 1996

This study was desinged to evaluate the effect of radioactive iodine-131 therapy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated at the Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju during the 20-year period from 1975 to 1994. The authors reviewed 246 patients who received radioactive iodine-131. An analysis of the therapeutic response and survival rates of the 246 patients has been carried out. The male to female ratio was 1 : 3.6. The peak incidence was in the 4th and 6th decades. The histologic findings in the 246 patients were papillary adenocarcinoma in 200 cases, follicular adenocarcinoma in 29 cases, mixed type in 14 cases, and others in 3 cases. Combined treatment modalities of 246 patients consisted of sugery and radioiodine in 222 cases, surgery with radioiodine and external irradiation in 11 cases, and surgery with radioiodine, external irradiation and chemotherapy in 5 cases. 42 of the 246 cases showed recurrence and the commonest type of combined treatment for recurrent case was surgery followed by radioiodine-131. The highest accumulated total dosage of radioiodine-131 was 480mCi in that case femoral metastasis was noticed. The most common locoregional metastatic site was ipsilateral cervical node, and neighbouring muscle, vessel, trachea, recurrent layngeal nerve, in order of frequency. The determinate 10-year survival rate was 91.8% in the group receiving surgery followed by radioiodine-13l and 71.4% in patients receiving surgery, radioiodine-13l with XRT. The determinate 10-year survival rate was better for patients under 40 years of age who received radioiodine as compared to patients over 40 year of age(85.7% vs. 33.3%). The most usual primary therapeutic dosage in the group of cervical lesion was 90$\sim$120mCi after surgery.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2003

General pharmacological properties of DA-8159, a new pyrazolopyrimidinone derivative were examined in laboratory animals to investigate its safety profile. The oral administration of DA-8159 (1, 5 or 30 mg/kg) in mice and rats had no effect on general behaviors and central nervous system of the animals in test systems, such as hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, motor coordination, normal body temperature, writhing syndromes induced by 0.75% acetic acid solution, chemo-shock produced by pentetrazole solution and rotar rod test. Anesthetized cats treated intravenously with DA-8159 (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg) showed transient and mild decrease in blood pressure. However, heart rate, respiration rate and tidal volume were not changed by intravenous DA-8159. In the isolated organs including ileum, heart (sinus rate of atria and contractility of papillary muscle), trachea of guinea pigs and phrenic nerve of rats, DA-8159 ($10^{-8}$ ∼$10^{-5}$ mg/L) did not elicit any effect or inhibitory action on the chemically or electrically stimulated contraction. DA-8159 did not influence gastric secretion, pH and total acid output in rats and intestinal propulsion in mice. The administration of DA-8159 in rats had no effect on the platelet aggregation induced by ADP in rabbit plasma, urinary volume and electrolyte ion ($Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Cl^{-}$) excretion in rats. Prothrombin time (PT) of the rats showed a mild but significant increase after administration of DA-8159. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), however, was not affected by DA-8159. These results indicate that DA-8159 does not exert any of serious pharmacological effects.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.211-219
• /
• 2000

The therapeutic effect of AS2-006A, a derivative of asiaticoside, has been studied and is being developed as a new wound-healing agent. In the present study, the general pharmacological effects on 1) central nervous system, 2) autonomic nervous system, 3) respiratory system, 4) gastrointestinal system. 5) cardiovascular system. and 6) urinary system were assessed in experimental animals and in in vitro models. 1. In vivo animal study: External applications of the 1 % gel ointment of AS2-006A to rats at the doses of 200. 600 or 2000 mg/kg body weight showed no observable pharmacological effects. The effects on the central nervous system were assessed by observation of behavior, hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, pentetrazole-induced convulsion assay, body temperature measurements, and observations on spontaneous activity and catalepsy. The gel ointment exhibited no effects on the cardiovascular system (i.e. blood pressure and heart rate), renal physiology (i.e. urine volume and electrolytes excretion) and gas-trointestinal physiology (i.e. intestinal charcoal propulsion and gastric mucosal irritation). 2. In vitro experiments: The effects of AS2-006A on the physiology of smooth and cardiac muscles were assessed. Muscle contractions were isotonically and isometrically measured in organ chambers using a physiograph. Cumulative additions of AS2-006A (10$^{-9}$ -10$^{-5}$ M) induced no changes in the tension of isolated guinea pig ileum and tracheal muscles. AS2-006A only slightly increased contractility of rat atrial and papillary muscles at 10$^{-2}$ M, which was not statistically different from control. These data showed that the gel ointment of AS2-006A could be externally applied as a wound-healing agent with no potential side effects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.172-175
• /
• 2010

A 61-year-old man presented with chest pain and ST elevation, and he underwent coronary angiography under the impression of acute myocardial infarction. Coronary intervention under intra-aortic balloon pumping was necessary due to his hemodynamic instability from the acute total occlusion of a large obtuse marginal branch. In spite of successful intervention, the cardiogenic shock persisted, and so extracoporeal membranous oxygenation was performed to treat this. Afterwards, the cardiogenic shock still persisted, and the auscultatory and echocardiographic findings revealed severe acute mitral valve regurgitation. Emergency mitral valve replacement was then performed. The ECMO and IABP were removed on the $2^{nd}$ postoperative day. The patient was discharged on the $48^{th}$ postoperative day.