• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1967

Present paper is attempted to introduce the phenomenon of 'after contraction' in isolated cardiac-muscle. Papillary muscles were removed from cat right ventricle and were used as a preparation. The muscle strip was Placed in tissue bath which is kept in steady temperature of around $25^{\circ}C$ and was perfuced by Tyrode solution, saturated with 95% $O_2$ and 5% $CO_2.$ under the condition of high calcium (8.2-10.0 mM/l), low sodium (72.4-70.0 mM/l) perfusion with the administration of epinephrine (1-2 mg/l) into tile tissue bath normally triggered muscle contraction was followed by oscillatory, repetitive contractions - after contraction. The phenomenon of after contraction was augumented by decrease in tissue bath temperature and by increase in number of preceding beats and in driving rate. Authors were able to maintain the phenomenon in prominent and steady state giving proper experimental conditions such as fixed bath temperature (ranged from $22^{\circ}C\;to\;27^{\circ}C$), suitable driving rate (20 per minute in average) and perfusion of high calcium, loll sodium and 1-2 mg/l of epinephrine. In some preparations, the strength of after contraction (second contraction) reached up-to 80% of normally triggered contraction and five repetitive contractions were observed as largest number of after contractions. Intracellular action potential measured in the muscle which was beating regulary showing steady after contraction revealed no oscillating after potential in most parts of the muscle but in few cases oscillating changes of after potentials were detectable. In electrogram of the muscle preparation recorded by means of contact electrode prominent, oscillating after potentials were observable when the recorder was set at highest sensitivity. It still is not clear that whether after contraction is the phenomenon which corresponds to those changes in action potential, oscillating after potential, of the muscle preparation. Possible mechanism of the phenomenon of after contraction relating with after potential changes was proposed. Detailed results obtained from further studies on after contraction and concrete discussion on the phenomenon will be reported by authors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 1997

1993년 11월부터 1996년 3월까지 75명의 환자에서 승모판 재건술중에 승모판막하술식을 시행하였다. 평균 연령은 45, 5세로 남자가 28명, 여자가 47명이었다. 질환 발생 원인은 퇴 행성 29례, 류마치스성 40 례, 선천성 3례, 감염성 2례 및 허혈성 1례였다. 승모판막 병변은 환자당 평균3. 1개의 병변이 있었는데, 승모판막하술식은 환자당 평균 1, 5례 시행하였다. 건삭단축술 21례(28%), 건삭전이술 22례(30%), 건삭 절제술 17례(23%), 새로운 건삭의 형성 20례(27%), 유두근분할 33례(43%), 유두근단축술 2례(2. 6%)를 시행하였다 경식도심초음파를 수술중에 시행하여 승모판막의 기능을 정확하게 확인하였다. 환자들의 평균 외래 추적관찰기간은 12개월(2-29개월)이었다. 수술후 사망은 없었다. 수술전후의 NYHA 기능적 분류의 변화는 술전에 평균 3. 19등급에서 수술후 1. 12등급으로 개선되었다. 승모판 재건수술후 환자들 은 심초음파 자료상에서 혈역차적으로 개선됨을 보였다. 결론적으로, 승모판 재건술중 실행가능한 승모 판막하술식은 안전하며, 재수술률이 매우 낮은 술식이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 1989

KR-1008 and KR-30006 are 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives, new vasodilatory calcium antagonists from KRICT. Calcium antagonistic properties of the compounds were studied in the isolated heart (Langendorff preparation), pulmonary artery (vasodilation), and in the papillary muscle (negative inotropic effect) of the guinea pig. Antihypertensive effect were also investigated after i.v. or oral administration in the SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat). They produced a sigificant inhibition of Ca-induced contraction in the guinea pig pulmonary artery at the concentrations of above $10^{-8}M$. The negative inotropic effect of the electrically stimulated papillary muscle appeared from the concentration of $10^{-6}M$, which is about hundred times higer than the concentration of vasodilation effect. Left ventricular pressure also decreased from the concentration of $3\;{\times}\;10^{-6}M$ in KR-1008 and KR-3006 in the Langendorff heart preparations. Coronary flow rate increased from $10^{-6}M$ in KR-1008 and nicardipine and appeared no change in KR-30006. The antihypertensive effect of KR-1008 (EC 20: $2.9\;{\mu}g/kg$) was potent more than nicardipine (EC 20: $3.4\;{\mu}g/kg$) and than Kr-30006 (EC 20: $6.8\;{\mu}g/kg$) was, after i.v. bolus injection in the anesthetized SHR. The antihypertensive effect in the conscious SHR appeared 30 minutes after oral administration of 10 mg/kg and persisted 4 hrs in KR-1008 and 12 hrs in KR-30006. Heart rate tended to increase for 0.5-1 hr after oral administration of the test compounds.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2006

A micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma (MPC) is a distinct entity with an aggressive clinical course. It has a micropapillary configuration resembling that of ovarian papillary serous carcinoma. Its cytologic features have rarely been reported. We report a case of MPC detected by urine cytology. A woman aged 93 years presented with a chief complaint of macroscopic hematuria. Cytology of her voided urine showed clusters of malignant cells in a micropapillary configuration. Each tumor cell had a vacuolated cytoplasm, a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, and irregular hyperchromatic nuclei. An ureteroscopic examination revealed exophytic sessile papillary masses extending from the left lateral wall to the anterolateral wall of the urinary bladder. A transurethral resection of the tumor was carried out. The tumor was characterized by delicate papillae with a thin, well-developed fibrovascular stromal core and numerous secondary micropapillae lined with small cuboidal cells containing uniform low- to intermediate-grade nuclei and occasional intracytoplasmic mucinous inclusions. These tumor cells infiltrated the muscle layers of the bladder, and lymphatic tumor emboli were frequently seen. Recognizing that the presence of MPC components in urinary cytology is important for distinguishing this lesion from low-grade papillary lesions and high-grade urothelial carcinomas can result in early detection and earlier treatment for an improved treatment outcome.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1981

부자성분중 강심효과를 나타내는 부자부타놀분획의 작용기전을 심근수축기전이 있어서 중심적인 역활을 하는 칼슘이온과의 상호관계에서 검토하였으며 아울러 동물생체내 혈동력학에 대한 영향을 관찰하였다. 부자부타놀분획 적출 고양이 유두근표본의 수축력증가작용에 있어서 심근외칼슘과 상승적이었으며 부자부타놀분획 $10^{-4}g/ml$는 칼슘 0.06mM과 동등한 심근수측증강 효과를 나타내었다. 심근세포막의 칼슘통로 억제약물인 verapamil 존재하에서 저하된 유두근 수축력은 부자부타놀분획에 의하여 용량의존적으로 회복되었으며, 이로부터 부자부타놀분획의 강심작용기전의 일부는 심근세포막의 완만내향성 칼슘통로를 통한 칼슘유입을 측진하는 것과 관계가 있을 것으로 추측하였다. 정상가토의 혈동력학에 있어서 부자부타놀분획은 디지탈리스배당체와는 달리 용량의존적으로 전신동맥압을 저하시키고, 경동맥혈류량을 증가시켰으며, 심박동수에는 크게 의미있는 변화를 보이지 않았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2477-2479
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• 2012

Objective: To study the histomorphological pattern of urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in Manipur and to evaluate whether any correlation exists between tumor grade and muscle invasion. Methods: A 10 year retrospective study of all consecutive cases diagnosed in the Department of Pathology RIMS - Imphal, between $1^{st}$ January 2001 to $31^{st}$ December 2010. Results: The study included 26 cases of transitional cell tumors of urinary bladder. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1 and the ages ranged from 38 years to 73 years (medians of 60 and 64 years, respectively). Of the total, 14 (53.9%) cases were low grade, 9 (34.6%) were high grade, 2 (7.7%) were papillomas and 1 (3.9%) was a papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP). Pathological staging showed that 14 (53.9%) of the cases were stage PTa, four (15.4%) PT1, and eight (30.9%) PT2. Some 18.2% of low grade tumors and 75% of high grade tumors were invasive to the detrusor muscle layer. Conclusion: Bladder cancer is an uncommon disease, transitional tumors being the only histological type observed. It was more common in males than females, with peak incidence in seventh decade. Most of the tumors were non-invasive (PTa) and invasion to the detrusor muscle layer was seen in more than half of the high grade tumors. There is a definite correlation between advancing tumor grade and muscle invasion.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 1993

The effects of ${\alpha}_1$-adrenergic stimulation on membrane potential, intracellular sodium activity $(a_N{^i{_a}})$, and contractility were investigated in the isolated papillary muscle of euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid guinea pigs. Cardiac alterations in the thyroid state have been shown to induce marked changes in action potential characteristics, the most pronounced shortening of action potential duration by hyperthyroidism and an increase in duration by hypothyroidism. $10^{-5}M$ Phenylephrine produced a decrease in $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ in euthyroid and hypothyroid preparations, but an increase in $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ in hyperthyroid ones. The major findings were that phenylephrine produced a stronger positive inotropic effect(PIE) without initial negative inotropic effect(NIE) in hyperthyroid preparations, while phenylephrine produced markedly NIE in hypothyroid ones. The alterations in membrane potential, $(a_N{^i{_a}})$, and contractility were abolished by $3{\times}10^{-5}M$ prazosin in hypothyroidism. In hypothyroid ventricular muscle, the decrease in $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ caused by phenylephrine were not abolished or reduced by $10^{-5}M$ strophanthidin, $10^{-5}M$ TTX, $3{\times}10^{-4}M$ lidocaine, or $100^{-5}M$ verapamil. These results indicate that the ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor-mediated decrease in $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ is not associated with a stimulation of the $Na^+$-$K^+$ pump, inhibition of the $Na^+$ or $Ca^+$ channel in hypothyroid ventricular muscle. $10^{-5}M$ Phenylephrine decreased $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ but increased $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ in the presence of a PKC activator phorbol dibutyrate$(PDB_u)$. In conclusion, it is suggested that the following sequence of events in response to phenyleplhane occur in guinea pig ventricular muscle. First, changes in thyroid state may contribute to the ventacular electrophysiological propeties or ion transport system. Second, the adrenoceptor-mediated initial transient NIE may be associated with the decrease in $(a_N{^i{_a}})$ by PKC activation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 1996

The general pharmacological properties of Artemisia extract powder (DA-9601) produced from Artemisia asiatica leaves were investigated in mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. DA-9601 at the dose of 800 mg/kg po had no influences on general behaviour, barbital sleeping time and motor coordination of mice. The material at the oral dose of 800 mg/kg did exhibit neither analgesic action nor hypothermic effect. Anticonvulsant action, muscle relaxant action and the effect on intestinal propulsion were not identified at 800 mg/kg po. In the isolated ileum and trachea of guinea pig, the material did not show direct erect and inhibitory action of chemically or electrically stimulated contraction at the concentration of $2\times10^{-5}$g/ml. The sinus rates of atria and contractility of papillary muscle of guinea pig were not influenced by DA-9601 at a dose of $2\times10^{-5}$g/ml. No influences on blood pressure and respiration were observed at 40 mg/kg iv, in rabbits. However, transient decreases in blood pressure of rabbits were observed as given 120 mg/kg in iv route with slight respiratory depression, and slight diuretic effect could be found without any changes in $Na^+$ and $K^+$ excretion.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.183-186
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• 2016

An 8-year-old, female lionhead rabbit with clinical sign of hematuria and vaginal discharge with/without blood was submitted to a local animal hospital. On exploratory laparotomy, three round to oval masses were observed in both uterine horns. The lumen of uterus was severely obstructed and distorted because of massive neoplastic proliferation. Histopathologically, the uterine masses revealed papillary projections along with irregular glandular structures into the lumen. The neoplastic foci were composed of numerous irregular sized neoplastic glands originated from uterine glands. These neoplastic cells showed very strong invasive tendency to muscle layer, therefore emboli of neoplastic cells were located in lymphatics. According to immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells in uterine masses demonstrated strong positive signals for cytokeratin, but negative for vimentin. Based on the gross, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, this case was diagnosed as uterine adenocarcinoma in lionhead rabbit.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.99-102
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• 1996

Cardiac fibroma is a rare benign tumor of the heart that occurs primarily in infants and children. Prognosis depends on size, extent and site of tumor. Cardiac fibroma may invade the conduction system, papillary muscle and outflw of inflow tract of ventricle. In these situations, its clinical course is very poor Although operative mortality is high, surgical resection is treatment of choice because lethal arrhythmia and sudden death can be developed by the fibroma. A cardiac fibroma was successfully resected from the left ventricular myocardium of a 8 years old male patient in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital.