• 한국연초학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2002

The ventilation rate of a ventilated filter cigarette depends on the details of its construction and on the properties of its components such as tobacco column pressure drop, filter pressure drop, tipping paper and plug wrap permeability, and vent position. Also, It was affected by the condition of adhesion of glue between tipping paper and plug wrap. This study was carried out to find the effect of surface properties of tipping paper and plug wrap, and a characteristics of glue on the ventilation rate of cigarettes. Our results indicated that the surface properties of tipping paper and plug wrap affected on the ventilation rate of cigarette. Also, the variation of ventilation rate was affected by the surface properties of tipping paper and the size of glue particles. We also found that the surface properties of tipping paper and plug wrap, and the emersion size of glue were the major factors to concern in the design for materials of cigarettes.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2015

Artists have been used animal glues for a long time as binding and sizing materials of paintings in many countries including Korea. Since animal glues as a binding material lose their own adhesive strength by aging, pigment particles or pigment layers are easily detached from painting surface. Restaurators prefer to use animal glues for consolidation of pigment particles or pigment layers because artists use animal glues as a binder for their painting works. It is widely known that animal glues have different characteristics such as viscosity, stability on water etc. But there are still a few requirements to consider their stabilities for the restoration of paintings. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate of stability and efficiency of animal glue applications. The efficiency of animal glue application was decreased with increasing the concentration of animal glue solution. This result means the simple tendency, but does not representative data for other animal glues made from same raw materials. In most cases, the surface and mechanical characteristics of animal glues are dependent on some factors, like viscosity and concentration of animal glue solution.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.553-564
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• 2017

본 연구는 토벽화 채색층 고착제로서의 도박풀 적용 가능성을 파악하기 위하여, 내후성 실험에 따른 표면변화를 평가하였다. 내후성 실험에 대한 평가는 색차계(CR-400, MINOLTA)를 사용하였으며, 열화로 인한 변화가 특징적으로 나타난 주사 3% 조건은 반사투과장치(CARY-5000, AGILENT)를 사용하여 추가적인 평가를 실시하였다. 자외선 열화 실험 후, 대부분의 도박풀 도포 시료가 아교풀 도포 시료에 비해 색변화가 적었으며, 흡습 건조 열화시험 결과에서는 도박풀이 0.5%와 3% 조건에서 아교에 비해 색변화가 낮게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 열화 실험 후 반사 흡수도 측정결과, 아교에 비해 도박풀의 열화 후 반사 흡수도 변화정도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 도박풀을 토벽화 고착제로 사용할 경우 열화에 따른 변색은 비교적 안정적일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

This paper investigates the strength characteristics and stress-strain behaviors of waste fishing net (WFN)-added lightweight soil. The lightweight soil, which consisted of dredged soil, crumb rubber, and cement, was reinforced with WFN in order to increase its shear strength. Glue treated WFN was also added to lightweight soil to improve the interlocking between the soil mixture and WFN. Three kinds of test specimens were prepared: unreinforced lightweight soil, reinforced lightweight soil without glue treatment, and reinforced lightweight soil with glue treatment. Several series of laboratory tests were carried out, including flow value tests, unconfined compression tests, and SEM analyses. From the experimental results, it was found that the peak strength of the reinforced lightweight soil with glue treatment was increased by the increased interlocking between the soil mixture and WFN, which was induced from the bonding effect. The stress-strain relation of the reinforced lightweight soil, irrespective of the glue treatment, showed a more ductile behavior than that of the unreinforced lightweight soil.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1315-1324
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• 2009

This study is on the consolidation process of the conservation process of fabric with golden thread found in relics. Gold film was glued to pieces of Korean paper and satin using hide glue, which is a natural adhesive and resin Paraloid B-72, which is a liquid type adhesive. This study examines the types and concentration of the adhesives that are appropriate for consolidating gold film on fabric. The advantage of hide glue is that it is harmless to humans and has a high stability. This glue is also believed to be the closest to the adhesive that was used when the relic was originally made. Its weakness is that it is stiff and weaker than chemical glues, but after being washed with water the adhesion level increases. Therefore, hide glue is appropriate in the following instances: a) when washing after consolidation b) when the substrate of gold threads are significantly damaged, and c) when treating greater sized relics that take a longer time to work on. However, Paraloid B-72 has a better adhesion and flexibility than hide glue, but tends to spread out into a greater area, and the area where it is applied tends to absorb less water than before the application. In addition, it is noxious and can be harmful in long-term exposure. Therefore, Paraloid-72 is appropriate in the following instances: a) when consolidating the fabric after washing, and b) when working on smaller relics and consolidating smaller parts of a relic. The necessary concentration levels for consolidants for gold film are 30% for liquid type hide glue and at least 10% for Paraloid B-72 in order for the gold film to stay intact on the fabric during washing, consolidation, exhibition, and conservation.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2019

아교포수는 안료가 한지에 번지거나 채색이 바탕에 흡수되는 것을 막아 바탕에 잘 고착되도록 하며, 바탕재와 물감 사이의 접착력을 강화한다. 본 연구는 아교포수 시 사용되는 아교와 백반의 혼합비, 아교포수의 횟수 변화에 따른 포수의 특성이 한지의 색상과 견뢰도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 촉진노화시험을 실시하고 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 아교포수 된 한지의 색상 측정결과 아교수의 농도 및 아교포수의 횟수가 증가할수록 백색도 및 $L^*$ 값은 감소하였으나, 황색도는 증가하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2015

This study was carried out to analyze deterioration characteristics of color-pigments painted Hanji to preserve and restore the cultural properties. On the traditional painting technique, glue was used with pigments in various ways for painting, but it eventually caused the deterioration of paintings. Thus, five colors were selected and analyzed for this study for investigating their characteristics of deteriration. Three kinds of glues (Wugyo, Nokgyo, and Togyo) and two kinds of pigments (Chinese and Gilsang) were painted on the Hanji for the accelerated aging test. And then color fastness of pigments and tensile strength of painted Hanji were measured for the estimation of deterioration degree. The results of SEM-EDS showed that Chinese pigments including blue, yellow, green, and red were composed of inorganic substances but the brown was organic substance. Gilsang pigments were composed mainly of Si and Ti ions. Color fastness of the Gilsang pigment blue, yellow, green, and brown were better than those of Chinese. Chinese pigment brown with organic substance showed the worst color fastness. Generally, Chinese pigments painted Hanji showed higher tensile strength than Gilsang in the accelerated aging test. Hanji treated with Chinese pigment and Nokgyo (antler glue) blends and Gilsang pigment and Togyo (rabbit pelt glue) blends showed higher tensile strength than the others. And Andong Hanji showed the highest tensile strength.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1992

The charater of standing box printing reguires a rich representation in a light and a shade of color and caues the modern photographs to be abundant of the ink and also shows the continuity of which any other printing is incapable because of its profound gradation. The clear printing in gravure can be said to be due to the good transfer of the ink - the completion of the transference of the ink into the stencil paper and the clear transference of the printing tone. The most inportant matter is the distance between the printing press and the doctor line. It is the matter of the structure and arrangement because of giving the most affect on the dryness of the ink in the cell. The glue of the ink in gravure changes by the kinds of the dye and the cellusolve used. To make the printing somoothly progressive from the high glue of the ink to the low glue of the ink will have to be used, which will be possible to choose the ester.ose the ester.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

This study was carried out to develop a new insolubilizer for water resistency enhancement and to evaluate its optimum apply method to corrugated paper. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) backbone polymer to conventional starch glue caused a poor dispersibility, but flavonoid resin addition showed a good runnability and water resistency. The double coatings(top & under) of water-proof chemicals to corrugating liner made even better the water resistency of corrugating paper. This study suggested that water-proof chemical treatments be an effective method in water-resistant corrugating paper manufacturing for a cold chain system.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2018

Background: The facial bone has a complex structure compared to other bones, and various types of fractures can occur due to its characteristics. Among them, in comminuted fractures of anterior maxillary wall, multiple depressed and impacted bony segments cannot be reduced easily when performing internal fixation using plates and screws or wires, and inadequate restoration leads to a range of complications. This paper introduces an alternative technique using a resorbable mesh with fibrin glue to restore comminuted fractures of anterior maxillary wall. Methods: Thirteen patients were diagnosed with comminuted fractures of anterior maxillary wall between March 2017 and February 2018 in the authors' hospital. All patients with comminuted fractures of anterior maxillary wall underwent restoration using resorbable mesh with fibrin glue. The patients' demographics, causes of facial trauma, mean operation time, length of hospital stay, follow-up period, and complications were recorded. Results: No major complications and only one hypoesthesia of the skin area was noted. Three months after surgery, the hypoesthesia recovered completely. After surgery (mean, 3.9 months; range, 2-12 months), computed tomography showed that the bone fragments in all patients were fixed successfully in their anatomical places. Conclusion: In comminuted fractures of anterior maxillary wall, the use of a resorbable mesh with fibrin glue can be an advantageous and effective method for a successful restoration without complications.