• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.68-83
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• 2016

Pan-jang(板墻) has become the lost facility, and the examples of its original form can be found no more due to its variable material characteristics. In order to study panjang as a lost facility, the following are needed: - To bring to light its usage and examples. - To investigate its components and structure. Panjang refers to the wall made of wooden plate and is classified as a special wall according to its material characteristics. In addition, Chinese mokyeongbyuk(木影壁) and Japanese panbyeong(板?) are similar to Korean panjang in terms of the materials, but there are clear differences in their structures. Panjang was also transformed into various types according to their materials or forms. As the wooden elements of panjang, sinbang(信防), pillars, do-ri(道里), jungbang(中枋), inbang(引枋), parn(板), dae(帶), choyeop(草葉), bangyeon(方椽), gaeparn(蓋板), pyeonggodae(平高臺), and yeonharm(椽檻) were selectively used, and they are similar, in particular, to the components of ilgakmoon(一角門). The stylobate of panjang is largely classified into three according to the kinds and structures of the wooden elements; and its frame into two according to whether sanginbang(上引枋) is used or not. The materials for the roof area include planks(蓋板) and tiles and have the distinct structural differences according to each material.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.196-209
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• 2022

This study compared and analyzed the spatial division function and role of partitions by comparing the entire space and the spatial changes before and after the installation of partitions in <Donggwoldo>, which was manufactured in the late Joseon Dynasty. As a research method, a set standard was prepared to decompose the space of <Donggwoldo> into a unit space, and the standard was set according to the role and height of the space by classifying it into a main space, sub space, and transition space. Two convex maps were prepared according to before and after the installation of the Panjang, and the values of connectivity, control, and integration, which are spatial syntax variables, were calculated and analyzed. The results of the study are as follows. First, the partition in <Donggwoldo(東闕圖)> did not affect the overall spatial arrangement and control or connection of Donggwol, but the movement and access of space is limited to specific areas. Second, the partition was a facility intensively distributed in Naejeon(內殿) and Donggung(東宮) to be used actively in the way of space utilization. It shows that the unit space increased rapidly due to the installation of the partition. Since the partition was installed in the spaces that were open and under high control in the case of Naejeon(內殿), it helped to secure private spaces as closed ones under low control. On the other hand, for Donggung(東宮), the spaces were compartmented and divided with the partition to guide the movement path through narrow gates of the partition and increase the depth of the space. This helped to create spaces that are free and can be hidden as it increased the number of spaces coming through. Third, In addition to the functions of "eye blocking, space division, and movement path control" revealed in prior research, the partition has created a "space that is easy to control" within a specific area. The installation of the partition reduced the scale through the separation of spaces, but it occurred the expansion of the movement path and space. Also, the partition functioned to strengthen hiding and closure or increase openness as well through space division. This study is significant in that it revealed the value of the spatial control function of panjang through the analysis of spatial control and depth by analyzing the function of the partition with a mathematical model in addition to the analysis and study of the function and role of panjang. In addition, it is valuable in that it has prepared a framework for analysis tools that can be applied to traditional residential complexes similar to palaces by applying space syntax to <Donggungdo> to create convex spaces according to unit space division and connection types of palace architecture and landscape elements.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.137-149
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study was to investigate actual condition about the modem adaptation of interior elements(floor, wall, ceiling, door & window) in traditional thatched roof house. The examined objects were interior space of 36 restaurants and cafes in Seoul and Kyung-Ki Do area. 1. Floor: Jang-pan was mostly alternated with linoleum which huts Jang-pan pattem. Wumul-maru was adapted from the original and Jang-maru was alternated with wood or linolium which has western state Jang-maru pattern. Mud was adapted from the original or alternated with slate stone or rough finish cement. 2. Wall: Rice proper was alternated with rice paper book witch has chinese character, paper for parcels or modem wall paper. Plaster-white paint or white handy coat. Mud-mud color paint or bamboo stick witch located in the mud wall orginal. Log-half cut log. Wooden board-without cross bar or irregular form. 3. Ceiling: Yondung-Chongang was mostly adapted from the original and Banja-Chonjang was alternated with rice paper book which has Chinese character or modem wall paper. 4. Door and Window: Ttisal-mun and Panjang-mun were adapted from the original. Wan and A’character door and window were simplified character itself.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.117-132
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• 2012

This study explored public awareness and donning practices of traditional and religious dresses among Indonesian Muslim. The relevant literature was reviewed first, and in-depth interviews and survey were followed to achieve the purpose of the study. Sarung and Kain Panjang are the most representative unisex traditional clothing of Indonesia. Traditional male dresses include Kemeja Batik, Beskap, Peci(Kopiah) and Blangkon. Traditional female dresses include Kebaya, Baju Kurung, Baju Bodo, Kemben, Rok Batik and Slendang. Baju Koko, Sarung and Peci(Kopiah) are the most well-known Muslim male dress items. Muslim female dresses are more diverse than men's. For traditional and religious dresses, which were identified from literature study, public awareness and donning practices were examined with survey data. Indonesian people consider Kebaya, Sarung, and Batik as the most important traditional dresses which convey national identity. Peci(Kopiah), Baju koko, and Jilbab(Kerudung) are highly mentioned as the representatives of Muslim dresses. Indonesian Muslims report that they own these representative dresses commonly. Peci and Sarung are included both in religious and traditional dresses, demonstrating that the two items are the representative crossovers of their religion and the tradition of the country. For both traditional and Muslim dresses, Indonesian people think that aesthetics and traditional values are more relevant than practical value. Lastly, it is found that traditional dresses are parts of the daily wear of Indonesian people from the fact that they wear traditional dresses more than once a week.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.392-402
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• 2012

The norm for everyday costume in India and Indonesia had consisted of either draped garments or loincloths. However, as the Islamic values spread in these countries various tailored clothes began to be worn. In order to study this spread of tailored clothes, the researcher first looked at the historical background which was the origin of Islamic costumes and its unique traits through the works of literature. Based on these findings, the researcher tried to identify the Islamic elements in the costumes of India and Indonesia. The researcher put forward the following conclusion: In India, people began to wear Islamic costumes after the establishment of Mughul Empire (1526~1857) in the 16th century, despite the Islamic invasion in the early 8th century. The pants that the ruling class of Islam wore such as shalwar, churidar and coats in the style of kaftan as well as turban spread quickly throughout the nation and now they are important part of Indian traditional costumes. Also in Indonesia, people began to wear tailored clothes as they accepted Islamic faith. The Indonesian costumes which exposed the upper body part may have been suitable for the climate but it was inappropriate according to the Islamic precepts. The religious beliefs led to the creation of the unique Indonesian sarong, wraps such as kain panjang and a new type of traditional costumes that combined the elements of pants or tunic from the Islamic culture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.479-485
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• 2004

The interest of ACT (Automated Container Terminal) is increasing because of expansion of container's transportation quantity, appearance of large-sized and. high-speed vessel, high labor cost of container terminal and the change of technical level. Therefore, the ACT had been developed in several ports in the world, such as ECT (Europe Combined Terminals) and CTA (Container Terminal Altenwerder). They have studied detailed technique for the operation of ACT. In Korea, it also has increased not only expansion and improvement of container terminal, but also necessity of ACT. Now, many projects related to the development of ACT are working in Korea. And the technical improvement of operating system, automated equipments and information system has accomplished by the projects. The ACT consists of the basic equipment and the integrated information system for operating and controlling automated equipments. The productivity of ACT is maximized through efficient connection between them. Thus, the automated degree of container terminal is dependent on the developing time of operating system, reliability, transportation quantity of container, investment amount and technical level. In this paper, we propose important strategy in developing ACT through analyzing the property of each ACT.