• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.531-538
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• 2003

To elucidate the physicochemical change of Panicm miliaceum powders caused by irradiation and identify detection of irradiation, viscosity, TBA value, Hunter color and total viable count were measured after irradiation of Panicum miliaceum powder. Panicum miliaceum powders from Korea and China were irradiated at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 kGy using a $Co^{60}$ irradiator and stored for 9 months at $0^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. All samples resulted in decrease for viscosity and specific parameter values by increasing dosage at 50 rpm after irradiation. These values showed dose-dependent relationship (above $r^2$＝0.92) between non-irradiated and irradiated samples during storage. These results suggest that the detection of irradiated Panicum miliaceum at various doses is possible by using viscometric method during storage. Total viable count, TBA value and Hunter color were determined as assistant indices for the samples viscosity measured. Total viable count, TBA values showed dose-dependent relationship (2.5 ~15 kGy). The difference in viscosity along with total viable count, TBA values between non-irradiated samples little or some changed with the lapse of post-irradiation time, but was still distinguishable each other more than 6 months at $0^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ for Panicum miliaceum powders from Korea and China.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2002

Fatty acid compositions of Setaria italica, Panirum miliaceum and Sorghum bicolor were determined with total lipids extracted. Total lipid content of Setaria italica, Panium miliaceum and Sorghum bicolor were 3.9%(w/w), 2.7%(w/w) and 2.3%(w/w), respectively. Total lipids were fractionated into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids by the silicic acid column chromatography. Neutral lipids were the most abundant component. Among fatty acids separated by GC, linoleic acid was determined as a major fraction in Setaria italica, Panicum miliaceum and Sorghum bicolor. Palmitic acid and oleic acid were also separated as second major components. In Setaria italica, behenic acid was separated from the phospholipid fraction and myristic acid from the neutral lipid fraction. Linolenic acid was not detected in all the samples.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 2011

The dietary intake of whole grains is known to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. To investigate whether there are anti-adipogenic activities in various Korean cereals, we assessed water extracts of nine cereals. The results showed that treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, Setaria italica Beauvois, or Panicum miliaceum L. extract significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as determined by measuring oil red-O staining, triglyceride accumulation, and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Among the nine cereals, P. miliaceum L. showed the highest anti-adipogenic activity. The effects of P. miliaceum L. on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, and the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-${\alpha}$ were evaluated revealing that the extract significantly decreased the expression of these genes in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, P. miliaceum L. extract changed the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in adipocytes, which is related to biological activity and cell characteristics. These results suggest that some cereals efficiently suppress adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In particular, the effect of P. miliaceum L. on adipocyte differentiation is associated with the downregulation of adipogenic genes and fatty acid accumulation in adipocytes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.268-272
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• 2011

전곡류의 섭취와 만성질환의 유병율은 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행 연구 결과, 지방축적억제능이 우수한 소재로 선정된 기장의 항염증능 여부를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 RAW264.7 세포에 기장열수분획($1\;{\mu}g/m\ell$ 및 $10\;{\mu}g/m\ell$)과 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)를 함께 처리한 후, 24시간 배양시켜 염증매개인자들의 분비량 및 mRNA 발현 정도를 측정하였다. 또한 LPS 자극에 대한 첫 번째 신호전달인자로 알려져 있는 interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-4(IRAK-4)의 단백질 발현 정도를 측정하였다. 본 연구결과, 기장의 열수분획($10\;{\mu}g/m\ell$)은 LPS로 유도된 NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 및 MCP-1의 생성량 및 mRNA 발현량을 유의적으로 억제하였다(p<0.05). 특히 이들 지표 중 pro-inflammatory cytokine인 TNF-${\alpha}$와 IL-6의 mRNA 발현량이 효과적으로 감소하였다(p<0.01). IRAK-4의 단백질 발현량 또한 유의적으로 감소하여 LPS 자극에 대한 기장열수분획의 항염증능은 toll-like receptor(TLR)를 통한 IRAK-4를 매개로 하는 신호전달체계 조절에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to rapidly evaluate fatty acids in a collection of millet (Panicum miliaceum subsp. miliaceum) of different origins so that this information could be disseminated to breeders to advance germplasm use and breeding. To develop the calibration equations for rapid and nondestructive evaluation of fatty acid content, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRs) spectra (1104-2494 nm) of samples ground into flour ($n$=100) were obtained using a dispersive spectrometer. A modified partial least-squares model was developed to predict each component. For foxtail millet germplasm, our models returned coefficients of determination ($R^2$) of 0.89, 0.89, 0.89, and 0.92 for palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and total fatty acids, respectively. The prediction of the external validation set (n=10) showed significant correlation between references values and NIRs values ($r^2$=0.64, 0.90, 0.79, and 0.89 for palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and total fatty acids, respectively). Standard deviation/standard errors of cross-validation (SD/SECV) values were close to 3 (2.62, 2.40, 1.85, and 2.23 for palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and total fatty acids, respectively). These results indicate that these NIRs equations are functional for the mass screening and rapid quantification of the oleic and total fatty acids characterizing millet germplasm. Among the samples, IT153514 showed an especially high content of fatty acids ($48.14mg\;g^{-1}$), whereas IT123909 had a very low content ($34.44mg\;g^{-1}$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.133.1-133
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• 2003

옥수수 전분 및 기장에 대해 방사선 재조사 후 검지 특성 평가 및 조사선량과의 상관성을 분석하였다. 즉, 국산 및 중국산 옥수수 전분과 기장(Panicum miliaceum) 분말을 비조사구, 5 kGy 조사구로 구분하여 $0{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 암소에 12개월간 보관하면서 6개월마다 5 kGy로 재조사하여 점도, surface color, 미생물 농도 TBA value등을 측정하였다. 옥수수 전분의 점도는 저장기간 중 초기의 값을 유지하면서 각 시점에서 비조사구, 5 kGy 처리구, 5 kGy 재조사구순으로 높게 측정되어 방사선 처리 및 재조사에 의한 점도의 감소 현상을 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 현상은 기장(Panicum miliaceum) 분말에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 표면색깔의 경우 L및 a 값은 조사 및 재조사 여부에 따른 차이를 볼 수 없었으나 b값은 비조사구, 5 kGy 조사구, 5 kGy 재조사구 순으로 높게 측정되어 방사선 조사에 따라 황색화가 진행되는 것으로 나타났다. 미생물 농도는 비조사구의 경우 초기에 $10^2$CFU/g 이상 측정되었고 저장기간 동안 증가하였으며 조사구 및 재조사구에서는 저장 기간 중 측정되지 않았다. TBA value의 경우, 방사선조사구 및 재조사구일수록 높게 나타났으며 저장 기간동안 증가하였다. 따라서 방사선 조사 및 재조사처리를 함으로써 전분질 농산물의 점도 감소와 황색화의 진행 그리고 미생물 살균효과 및 지방질 산패 현상을 확인하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.511-519
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• 2011

Dietary intake of whole grains reduces the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In an earlier study, we showed that Panicum miliaceum L. extract (PME) exhibited the highest anti-lipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells among extracts of nine different cereal grains tested. In this study, we hypothesized that PME in the diet would lead to weight loss and augmentation of hyperlipidemia by regulating fatty acid metabolism. PME was fed to ob/ob mice at 0%, 0.5%, or 1% (w/w) for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, body weight changes, blood serum and lipid profiles, hepatic fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression, and white adipose tissue (WAT) fatty acid composition were determined. We found that the 1% PME diet, but not the 0.5%, effectively decreased body weight, liver weight, and blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared to obese ob/ob mice on a normal diet. Hepatic lipogenic-related gene ($PPAR{\alpha}$, L-FABP, FAS, and SCD1) expression decreased, whereas lipolysis-related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Long chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids decreased significantly in adipose tissue of animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators also decreased significantly in animals fed the 1% PME diet compared to those of the ob/ob control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that PME is useful in the chemoprevention or treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.206-206
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• 2017

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.76-77
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• 2007

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2011

Objective : Foods could be materia medica through food-therapy in oriental medicine. "Sikryochanyo" is a food-therapy book totally. Therefore, there are many kinds of food are treated as materia medica. Method : Finding out cases of food-therapy with Five-Grain(RIce, Barley, Millet, Soy, Panicum miliaceum) in "Sikryochanyo" Result : In "Sikryochanyo", there were many methods of food-therapy with Five-Grain. Five-Grain were treated as materia medica even though they were usual food as normal meal. Conclusion : Five-Grain used in "Sikryochanyo" as many types of themselves and they had objectively effects comparing with "Materia Medica".