• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1996

This study was performed to explore the frequency of panic attack induced by sodium lactate in alcohol dependence patients and to compare the extent of blunted growth hormone reponses after clonidine infusion with that of normal controls. The authors investigated 10 alcohol dependence patients receiving inpatient care in Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital from March 2, 1993 to August 31, 1993 and 10 normal controls. The disagnosis of alcohol dependence was based on DSM-III-R. Thirty minutes after the sodium lactate infusions clonidins were administrated. Venous bloods were sampled before the sodium lactate infusions, and 30, 45, 60, 90 minutes after the administrations of clonidine. Plasma growth hormone levels were measured by RIA method. The results were as follows : 1) In the questionaires of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Raing Scale, CAGE, Korean MAST, the scores of alcohol dependent patients were higher than those of normal controls. 2) Sixty percent of alcohol dependence patients and twenty percent of normal controls had panic attacks induced by sodium lactate. 3) All panic attacks induced by sodium lactate were relieved after clonidine infusions. 4) There were blunted growth hormone responses after clonidine infusions in alcohol dependence patients who had sodium lactate induced panic attacks like panic disorder patients. These results suggest that alcohol dependence patients may have noradrenergic abnormality same as panic disorder patients and two disorder may have high biological correlations each other.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2007

In this special article, we presented the organization of the work group, basic principles of the algorithm, future plan and methods for developing a treatment algorithm for panic disorder in Korea. The psychiatrist work group from the Korean Association of Anxiety Disorders began to develop a treatment algorithm designed to improve the management of Korean patients with panic disorder by incorporating better evaluation techniques and treatment procedures. We have reviewed the treatment guidelines and algorithms for panic disorder published thus far, including the Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Panic Disorder established by the American Psychiatric Association, the Management of Anxiety (Panic Disorder, with or without Agoraphobia, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder) in Adults in Primary, Secondary and Community Care established by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, and the Clinical Practice Guidelines established by the Canadian Psychiatric Association. We developed the basic materials to be used in the treatment algorithm for the management of panic disorder in Korea. Therefore, in this special article, we intro-duce the goal of the algorithm and the details of the algorithm development.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2014

Objective : The correlation between age of onset and symptoms/severity of panic disorder has not yet been determined. The aim of this research is to determine the different clinical features of panic disorder according to the age of onset. Methods : Patients diagnosed with panic disorder were placed into two groups according to onset of age. The subjects were checked for 13 different panic symptoms presented in the DSM-IV. The investigation was also executed by severity, the anxiety sensitivity index, the scale for depression and anxiety. Results : The early onset group had significantly higher frequencies than the late onset group in the areas of "choking feeling" and "derealization or paresthesia". It was found that only "choking feeling" was statically significant as a risk factor of early onset panic disorder. Among the objective anxiety scale, the subscale of psychological anxiety was higher in the early onset group compared to the late onset group. Conclusion : "Choking feeling" was the only panic symptom that showed a significant difference in accordance with onset age. Earlier onset patients tend to experience a more frequent "choking feeling," which is related to respiratory symptoms. This could mean that earlier onset patients are more likely to have higher psychological anxiety.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2012

Objective : Individuals with anxiety disorders experience a wide range of time to seeking treatment (TST) as well as various comorbid mental disorders. The present study examined the TST in social anxiety disorder (SAD) and panic disorder. This study aimed to find out the influence of comorbid mental disorder on TST of anxiety disorder through the comparison of SAD and panic disorder. Methods : This study included 311 SAD and 378 panic disorder patients at the initial visit of psychiatric clinic. Contribution of clinical (number of comorbidity, comorbid type and onset age) and demographic (current age) factors to TST were investigated by multivariate analysis. Results : The median length of TST was 14.03 years in SAD and 2.26 years in panic disorder. In social anxiety disorder, fewer comorbidity, younger onset age, and older age were factors associated with delayed TST. In panic disorder, only younger onset age was associated with delayed TST. In both disorders, comorbid depressive disorder was associated with shorter TST. Conclusion : Our data provided the differences in illness behavior needing help based on comorbid mental disorders between SAD and panic disorder. In addition to comorbid disorder, factors affecting TST of anxiety disorder requires future investigation.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Objective : This study is designed to evaluate the effects of an oriental medical therapy, the Chuna Manual Relaxation Therapy on symptom of Panic disorder. Method : The clinical data was analyzed on a patient with Panic disorder whose main symptoms were palpitation, perpirtion, hydrodipsomania, chest pain, burning sensation. Result : After treatment, the patient's main symptoms were disappeared and secondary symptoms were improved. Conclusion : This study suggests that the Chuna Manual Relaxation Therapy is significantly effective in treatment of Panic disorders.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Korean medicine treatment for pregnant women with panic disorder. Methods: We treated pregnant women with panic disorder with Acupuncture, Herb extract granules, and Korean medicine psychotherapy. PDSS, BAI, and BDI were evaluated every two months. Results: PDSS was reduced from 24 points to 8 points. BAI was reduced from 35 points to 10 points. BDI was reduced from 22 points to 8 points. Mental and body symptoms were also reduced. Both mother and the baby were healthy after delivery. No specificities or adverse effects were reported during the entire treatment. Conclusions: Korean medicine treatment may be effective and safe to control symptoms of pregnant woman with panic disorder.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.235-245
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• 2005

Purpose The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental treatments for the postpartum patient who is diagnosed as panic disorder. Methods : The patient had been in admitted to Dongshin Oriental Hospital from 2004. 10. 28 to 2004. 11. 27 This patient was treated with oriental methods such as herb medication, acupuncture, moxibustion therapy etc. Results : As a result of oriental treatments based on planing treatment according to diagnosis, the symptom of postpartum disease with panic disorder was improved. Conclusion : It is thought that the clinical study about the treatment of the postpartum disease with panic disorder based on planing treatment according to diagnosis, should be required.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2011

Cognitive models of panic disorder have emphasized cognitive distortions' roles in the maintenance and treatment of panic disorder (PD). However, the patient's difficulty with identifying and managing emotional experiences might contribute to an enduring vulnerability to panic attacks. Numerous researchers, employing emotion processing paradigms and neuroimaging techniques, have investigated the empirical evidence for poor emotion processing in PD. For years, researchers considered that abnormal emotion processing in PD might reflect a dysfunction of the frontal-temporal-limbic circuits. Although neuropsychological studies have not provided consistent results regarding this model, a few studies have tried to find the biological basis of dysfunctional emotion processing in PD. In this article, we examine the possibility of dysregulation of emotion processing in PD. Specifically we discuss the neural basis of emotion processing and the manner in which such neurocognitive impairments may help clarify PD's core symptoms.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.193-207
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• 2007

Panic disorder is one of the anxiety disorder, characterized by panic attacks which are discrete episodes of fear accompanied by somatic symptoms such as shortness of breath, palpitations, chest pain, choking, dizziness, trembling and/or faintness. We experienced a 41 year-old male who complained of sudden enervation, unstable blood pressure and anxiety about self's symptoms. We bad given herbal medicines aoh cognitive & behavioral therapy. Results from studies to date suggest the cognitive behavioral therapy(CBTl are useful for depression, anxiety disorder, phobia. He understood his symptom's meaning and tried to overcome fear related to symptoms through exposure training. We concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy can be very effective methods to treat panic disorder, because patient with panic disorder has maladaptive automatic thoughts, based on dysfunctional beliefs like "I'm too weak, I have some problem."

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 2004

A panic state is often caused by careless computer control. It could be also caused by a kernel programmer's mistake. When panic is occurred, the process of the panic state has to be checked, then if it can be restored, operating system restores it, but if not, operating system runs the panic function to stop the system in the kernel hardening O.S. To decide recovery of the process, the type of the panic for the present process should be checked. The value type and the address type have to restore the process. If the system process has a panic state, the system should be designed to shutdown hardening function in the Linux operating system.