• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.33-39
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• 2021

Purpose: The influence of age on time preference is not identified in the usual cross-sectional analysis. This study aims to test whether age affects time preference after controlling for the effects of individual heterogeneity including cohort effects. Research design, data and methodology: Drawing on a nationally representative panel dataset of Indonesians, we estimate the effects of age on time preference after controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity as well as potential cohort effects. We measure time preference exploiting information on two sets of multiple price lists: one for a one-year delay, and the other for a five-year delay. Results: When we controlled for time-invariant individual characteristics, including birth cohort effects in a fixed effects model, the older men and women were more patient in a linear fashion, particularly when the delay was longer. To highlight the importance of controlling for individual fixed effects, we repeated the specification without controlling for individual fixed effects in OLS or censored maximum likelihood regression; we found no relation between age and impatience in men or women and for a one or five-year delay. Conclusions: The older men and women are more patient, and time preferences are correlated with unobserved individual heterogeneity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.85-91
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• 2021

This research aims to analyze the impact of Financial Risk (FR), Information Asymmetric (IA), and Earning Power (EP) on Real Earning Management (REM) of listed trading companies in IDX Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the influence of FR, IA, EP, on REM through Operating Cash Flow, Production expense, and Discretionary Expense. The study employs an unbalanced panel of data set from 2014 to 2018 on the activity of all trading companies (15 in total) as selected samples of 48 feasible samples from 144 existing data. The sample used a non probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. This research was classified as causative and tested by multiple linear regression model with cross-sectional analysis. The result indicated a significant impact of FR on REM through PROD and DISX but not through COF. How ever, IA, and EP showed significant impact on REM by means of COF but not go by PROD and DISX..The findings in this study contribute to the users of financial reports particularly the stakeholders in defining the determinants of real earning management practices among firms when it comes to decision making.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2021

Purpose: Adolescents are vulnerable to depression; however, many health policies for adolescents tend to target students in schools. This study aims to identify factors related to depression according to gender among adolescents who have ceased attending school either temporarily or permanently. Methods: The data were generated from the 5th Dropout Youth Panel Survey (2017), and this study included 318 students in the survey that had dropped out of school. The data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple linear regression to identify related factors in depression among the participants. The analyses were performed by SPSS 25.0 program. Results: The depression scores of the students who had ceased attending school were: 20.28±5.47 for boys; 21.23±5.88 for girls. Their depression scores are significantly associated with self-esteem (p<.001 for boys; p=.001 for girls) and social stigma (p=.002 for boys; p=.002 for girls). Among those, peer attachment (p=.050), community integration (p=.004), and community disorder (p<.001) were significantly associated with depression only in boys. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that strategies for managing depression in adolescents who have dropped out of school should address the differences in contributing factors according to gender. This study also suggests a basis for approaching such a strategy.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2022

Background: This study aims to allow the development of efficient measures to improve occupational health of shift-working nurses focusing on job stress, health promotion behavior, resilience, and sleep disturbance. Methods: It was conducted on a subject panel of 137 nurses who were aware of the purpose of the study and agreed to participate. They worked three shifts at a tertiary hospital or a general hospital located in metropolitan city B. The collected data were analyzed by the independent t test and one-way analysis of variance and post-tested by Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results: The significant influencing factors on sleep disturbance were of those whose subjective health status was 'normal' (b = 0.29, p < .001), 'not healthy' (β = .40, p < .001), who have job stress (β = .22, p = .003), and who have health promotion behavior (β = -0.17, p = .023). The overall explanatory power was 31.1% (F = 16.31, p < .001). Conclusion: Through this study, nurses' subjective health status and job stress of working shifts were found to be important factors influencing the sleep disturbance level, and the most influencing factor was identified as the subjective health status.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.139-139
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• 2020

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)에 따르면 지난 1세기 반 동안 전 세계 평균 기온은 약 1℃가 상승하였으며, 온실가스 축적에 따라 평균기온은 21세기 중반에서 21세기 말까지 1~3℃가 증가할 것으로 전망되고 있다. 이러한 기온의 상승으로 인한 하천의 수온 변화는 수중에서 온도에 민감한 생화학적 반응의 변화를 유발하여 수질 및 수생태 변화에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 효과적인 수질 및 수생태 관리를 위해서는 기온과 수온 사이의 명확한 관계 정립을 통해 수질변화를 정확하게 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내·외로 널리 활용되고 있는 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) 모형을 통해 기온-수온 회귀식이 하천 수질변화에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 그러나 기존 SWAT 모형에서의 기온-수온 회귀식은 미국 유역의 환경 특성을 바탕으로 도출되었기 때문에 국내 유역에 적용하기에 한계점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 국내 유역에서의 실측 기온자료와 수온자료를 사용하여 SWAT 모형 내 기온-수온 회귀식을 재도출하고 적용성을 평가하는 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.573-579
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is predicted easily the entrance surface dose (ESD) in chest digital radiography. We used two detector type such as flat-panel detector (FP) and IP (Imaging plate detector). ESD was measured at each exposure condition combined tube voltage with tube current using dosimeter, after attaching on human phantom, it was repeated 3 times. Phantom images were evaluated independently by three chest radiologists after blinding image. Dose-area product (DAP) or exposure index (EI) was checked by Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) header on phantom images. Statistical analysis was performed by the linear regression using SPSS ver. 19.0. ESD was significant difference between FP and IP($85.7{\mu}Gy$ vs. $124.6{\mu}Gy$, p=0.017). ESD was positively correlated with image quality in FP as well as IP. In FP, adjusted R square was 0.978 (97.8%) and linear regression model was $ESD=0.407+68.810{\times}DAP$. DAP was 4.781 by calculating the $DAP=0.021+0.014{\times}340{\mu}Gy$. In IP, adjusted R square was 0.645 (64.5%) and linear regression model was $ESD=-63.339+0.188{\times}EI$. EI was 1748.97 by calculating the $EI=565.431+3.481{\times}340{\mu}Gy$. In chest digital radiography, the ESD can be easily predicted by the DICOM header information.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2009

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that is characterized by inflammation of the synovial tissue and deterioration of the joint and bone. A recent study reported a potential gene-environment interaction between HLA-DR and smoking. The present study investigated whether a specific gene was related to the association between smoking and the severity of RA (rheumatoid factor levels > 20 IU/ml). We used the resources of the NARAC family collection of GAW 15 databases, and 1139 subjects with RF>20 IU/ml were included in the current analysis. The linkage panel contained 5858 SNP markers, and 5744 SNPs passed quality control criteria. Linear regression analyses, using PLINK software and generalized estimating equation regression models, were used to test for associations between the SNPs and the severity of RA according to smoking groups. Two major findings were established. First, the severity of RA in smokers was associated with rs703618 (p=$6{\times}10^{-5}$), which lies in the intronic region of the stabilin 2 (STAB2) gene on chromosome 12. Second, there were significant differences in the levels of RF between 'ever smokers' and 'never smokers' according to the rs703618 genotype (G/G, A/G, A/A). We investigated whether a specific gene acts as a mediator between smoking and the severity of RA and found that the STAB2 gene could affect this relationship. Our finding indicates that smoking may mediate RA severity by affecting the expression level of a specific gene.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

Purposes: This study purposed to identify influence of postpartum care services on health-related quality of life in women after birth. Methodology: Korea Health Panel Survey 2009-2015 provided by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance Service was used for the analysis. The health-related quality of life evaluate as a EuroQoL-5D(EQ-5D-3L, used the weight of the CDC) was used as dependent variables. Postpartum care services was used as independent variable. Demographic factors(education, economic activity, region, house income), health related variable(presence of chronic disease, self-rated health), birth related variable(birth-related problem, childbirth, pregnancy of advanced maternal age) used as covariates. Regression analysis was used. Findings: The rate of use of postpartum care services is increasing year by year. Postpartum care services and self-rated health positively influence on the health-related quality of life in women after birth and chronic disease and birth-related problem negatively influence on. Practical Implications: Therefore, it is necessary that the government's policy of the postpartum care service be expanded and systematized to increase accessibility on. There are rare studies on the health-related quality of life of women after childbirth, adjusted for birth-related variables. So this study has significance.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.310-319
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• 2021

Background: Humidifier disinfectant exposure is an ongoing issue, and there is still considerable related controversy. Various approaches are needed to secure scientific evidence on the extent of the victims' damages and for the determination of appropriate compensation. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between humidifier disinfectant (HD) use and academic achievement in Korean children. Methods: This study used data from the 8th Panel Study on Korean Children in 2015. For the final study, 1,598 cases were used. T-tests and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the use of humidifier disinfectant is a factor that affects academic ability. Results: Children in groups using humidifier disinfectant showed statistically significantly lower scores in all areas of language, including reading, speaking and writing, and statistically lower scores in all areas of mathematics, including counting, addition and subtraction. In the multiple regression analysis results, which control for the effects of various demographic/social variables, the use of humidifier disinfectants showed statistically significant beta coefficients (β: -0.357, p<0.001), negatively affecting children's language ability. As for the 'math' variable, which was created by combining counting, addition, and subtraction scores, the use of humidifier disinfectants as independent variables also showed statistically significant beta coefficients (β: -0.200, p<0.001), negatively affecting children's math ability. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that depending on whether or not humidifier disinfectants were used, there are differences in children's language abilities, such as reading, speaking, and writing, as well as in their mathematical abilities, such as counting, adding, and subtracting numbers. These findings are thought to serve as a scientific basis for extending the perspective from health effects to more diverse areas of demographic and social impact related to humidifier disinfectant damage and compensation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.596-606
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of adolescent social withdrawal on self-esteem and life satisfaction, and to analyze the moderating effect of participation in Self-development Youth Activities. Among the data for the 3rd year of the Korea Children's and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS. 2018), data from 2,384 first-year middle school students were used, and descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed to test the hypothesis. First, it was analyzed that the social withdrawal had a statistically significant negative(-) effect on the self-esteem. Second, it was analyzed that the social withdrawal had a statistically significant negative(-) effect on the life satisfaction. Third, it was verified that self-development Youth Activities had a moderating effect in the relationship between social withdrawal and self-esteem. Fourth, it was verified that self-development Youth Activities had a moderating effect in the relationship between social withdrawal and life satisfaction.