• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 1986

Effects of plant growth regulators on the germination of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) seeds were investigated. Ginseng seeds germinated more vigorously in the treatments of kinetin and BA, and the promoting effect of kinetic on the germination and the growth of rootlet enhanced in low temperature ($10^{\circ}C$). However, GA did not promote the germination of dehiscent seed. The optimum temperature for germination of dehiscent seed was $10^{\circ}C$ and the range of effective concentration of kinetin for germination was 50 to 100 ppm.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.376.2-377
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• 2002

Some of the dammarane-type saponins. ginsenosides of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) are now well established as a potent chemotherapeutic agent against a wide variety of aliments. Its various pharmacological and biological activities have been thoroughly reviewed (S. Shibata, 2001). The limited supply of the drug from the original source. the hairy root of the Panax ginseng promoted intense efforts to develop alternate sources and means of production. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1990.06a
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• pp.75-78
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• 1990

Two lignanes, Comp.-I, mp 108-1$0^{\circ}C$ and Comp.-II, mp 50-52$^{\circ}C$ were isolated from Korean ginseng extract by repeated column chromatographic purification. Comp-1 was identified as gomisin-N and Comp. -II as gomisin-A by spectrometric analysis, both of which have already been described as the anti-hepatotoxic lignin components of Schizandra chinensis Bail.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 1989

Mature zygotic embryos dissected from ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing various concentrations of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2, 4-D) and kinetin. Somatic embryos were induced directly from cotyledonary tissue or from intervening callus. The induction frequency of somatic embryos was up to 55%. Upon transfer to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/1 6-benzyladenine(BA) and 1 mg/1 GA3, most somatic embryos developed into plantlets. Over 50% of the plantlets flowered after 4 weeks of culture and then a few bore immature fruits in vitro. Therefore, it is suggested that the juvenility of the ginseng tissue which give rise to somatic embryos does not interfere with in vitro flowering of their regenerated plantlets.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 1992

The endosperm protein, vicilin, of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitaion, gel permeation and ion exchange column chromatography. Vicilin is a glycoprotein composed of 2 subunits with molecular masses of 55,000 (large subunit) and 44,000 (small subunit). The anti-vicilin antibody was raised in rabbit, and purified by DEAE Affi-Gel Blue affinity chromatography. The endosperm cells of the seed were reacted with this anti-vicilin antibody and colloidal gold conjugated secondary antibody. Gold particles were labelled on the elaborating granules of Golgi complex, electron-dense granules and protein bodies in the endosperm cells. These results indicated that the vicilin, which was synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum and transported to Golgi, was elaborated in saccules of the Golgi and then transported into protein bodies by electron-dense granules.anules.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1990

In An invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) was extracted from Korean giseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) with distilled tvater The ginseng invertase was purified about 62.6 folds purified by procedures including ammonium sulfate fractionation , DEAE-cellulofine chromatography and gelfiltrations through Sephadex G-75 and the recovery of enzyme activity was 11.1%. The homogeneity of the purified enzyme was probed by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The purifled enzyme was divided into two different subunits by treating with a mixture of SDS and 2-mercautoethanol, and the molecular weight of the large subunit was estimatedtobe 116,000 and that of the small one to be 14,000. The optimal VH and temperature of the enzyme were pH 6 and 45$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed specifically the hydrolyzation of the -fructofuranosides such as sucrose, raffinose and inulin. The Km values of the enzyme for sucrose and raffinose were determined to be 0.85 and 0.6 mM, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of fresh ginseng on the physicochemical and microbiological changes in dongchimi juice fermented under various conditions. The pH was somewhat lower in dongchimi juice added with 2.0% and 4.0% of fresh ginseng than that without ginseng, whereas the titratable acidity was higher in dongchimi juice with 2.0% and 4.0% of ginseng addition than the control. The addition of fresh ginseng to dongchimi preparation increased the numbers of total viable bacteria, lactic acid bacteria including Leuconostac mesenterotdes in dongchimi juice during fermentation. The changes in the counts of lactic acid bacteria were similar to those of total viable cells throughout the experiment except the initial stage of fermentation. However, the number of Leucosfastoc mesenternidgs decreased after the palatable stage. Key words : Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, dongchlmi juice, pH, titratable acidity, microbiological changes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.236-239
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• 1993

We studied the chloroplast rearrangement, short-term regulation depending on the light conditions in plants, and the characteristic of photosynthic rate as affected by in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. The chloroplast rearrangement of ginseng mesophyll cell was induced with the irradiation of blue light (400~500 nm) and through this process the rate of leaf transmittance increased 5~7.5%. The time to reach the maximum value of photosynthesis was shorter above 20 minutes with the blue light irradiation than that of the red light.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 1990

Specific activities of ADC and ODC from 2-4 year old ones were higher than that from seedlings whereas those activities were not changed significantly from 2 to 4 years. Generally, activity of ADC was predorminant compared to that of ODC. Free arginine content in roots was much higher than that of leaves. And arginase specific activity from roots was higher than that of leaves. Cumulative results suggest that putrscine formation from ornithine in roots may be more effective than leaves and contribute to putrescine biosynthesis to some extract.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2000

The seasonal variation in the activity of sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in roots of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer have been studied. It was revealed that sucrose synthase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase are adaptive enzymes and can serve as markers of sink strength, while UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is the maintenance enzyme. The average day temperature exceeded 24。C appeared to cause the disturbance in refilling process, affecting the starch synthesis. Study on the dependence of oxygen consumption in stele tissue with temperature revealed the sharp accelerating of this process after 24。C.