• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2001년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.371-378
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• 2001

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2007

The cost of conventional cultivation of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is very expensive, because shadow condition should be maintained during cultivation periods owing to inherently weak plant for high-temperature. Therefore, application of plant biotechnology may be possible to overcome these difficulties caused by conventional breeding of ginseng. Transgenic plants were produced via Agrobacterium tumefaciens Gv3101, both carrying the binary plasmid pBI121 mLPISO with nptII and Iso (isoprene synthase) gene. Integration of the transgenes into the P. ginseng nuclear genome was confirmed by PCR analysis using nptII primers and Iso primers. RT-PCR result also demonstrated the foreign isoprene synthase gene in three transgenic plant lines (T1, T3, and T5) which was expressed at the transcriptional level. When whole plants of transgenic ginseng were exposed to high temperature at $46^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, a non-transformed plant was wilted from heat shock, whereas a transgenic plant appeared to remain healthy. We suggest that the introduction of exogenous isoprene synthase is considered as alternative methods far generating thermotolerance ginseng.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2010

The chemical characteristics of seed oils of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) at different ages grown in Korea (3, 4 and 5-year old) and China (5-year old), and American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliu L., 5-year old) grown in China were compared. Total fatty acid composition showed a significantly higher oleic acid content in American (87.50%) than in Korean (68.02~69.14%) and Chinese ginseng seed oils (61.19%). At the sn-2 position, the highest oleic acid (81.09%) and lowest linoleic acid (15.77%) were found in American ginseng seed oil. The main triacylglycerol species in ginseng seed oils were triolein (OOO) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol (LOO)/1,3-dioleoyl-2-linoleoyl-glycerol (OLO). In addition, the seed oils possessed an ideal oxidative stability showing 16.55~23.12 hr of induction time by Rancimat test. The results revealed that ginseng seed oil could be developed as a new healthy edible oil, and that the oil's chemical characteristics were strongly associated with the ginseng species and habitats.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.113-118
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• 1984

한국산 인삼(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) 뿌리에서 추출한 사포닌 성분이 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 실험관 내 실험과 동물실험으로 관찰하였다. 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley, male, $18{\~}200g$)의 마이크로좀 분획을 NADPH, $Fe^{+3}$, ATP $\alpha^{-+}$-ocopherol 과 인삼 사포닌 분획 (대조군은 사포닌 분획대신 같은 부피의 물)을 함유한 혼합물에서 30분간 반응을 진행시키고 생성되는 molondialdehyde를 분석한 결과 사포닌 분획은 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항산화작용을 상승적으로 증가시켰다. 그리고 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항 산화작용에 상승적 효과는 반응액에서의 인삼 사포닌 분획의 농도가 $10^{-5}\%$ 전후에서 특히 현저하였다. 술로 과산화물을 유발케 한 쥐에게 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol만을 또는 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol과 인삼 사포닌 분획의 혼합물을 경구투여하고 일정 시간 후에 간의 과산화 지질을 thiobarbituric acid 방법으로 분석한 결과 사포닌 분획이 동물체내에서도 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항 산화작용을 크게 촉진시키는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 사포닌 분획은 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 흡수를 촉진시키는 것으로 보고되고 있으며 본 실험에서도 이것을 확인하였고 이와 같은 사포닌 분획의 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol흡수 촉진은 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항 산화작용을 더욱 효과적으로 촉진 시킬 것으로 생각된다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.185-190
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• 1984

수삼(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)의 휘발성 향기성분을 SE-54 fused silica capillary를 이용한 개스크로와 질량분석방법을 이용해서 연구했다. 수삼을 수증기 종류해서 얻어진 증류물을 diethyl ether로 추출해서 농축하고 이 농축물을 중성, 산성, 폐놀성 및 염기성 분획으로 분리했다. 가장 방향이 풍부하고 원 수삼취와 비슷한 중성분획을 분석한 결과 인삼의 주요한 향기성분은 200종 이상 많은 성분중 monoterpene과 sesquiterpene계 성분이었다. Sesquiterpene 화합물은 질량 204를 갖는 azulene, menthene, napthalene계 화합물이었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.242-247
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• 1989

The effect of ginseng extract and sodium ascorbate (vitamin C) administered separately or in combination on the some cancer cells cultured in vitro have been examined. Mouse leukemic cells (L1210 and P388), human rectal cancer cells (HRT-18) and human colon cancer cells (HCT-48) were used for the experiment. When given separately, the growth rate for each kind of cancer cell was inhibited In proportion to the concentration of ginseng extract or vitamin C. The inhibitory effect on the growth rate of the cancer cells was stronger in ginseng extract than in vitamin C except for the HCT-48 cells. Based on the cytotoxic activity, combined administration of ginseng extract and vitamin C demonstrated a synergistic inhibition of cancer cell growth. The cytotoxic activities of ginseng extract and vitamin C on the mouse leukemic cells were more sensitive than on human colon cancer cells. And the sensitivity of cytotoxic activity was somewhat different in different cancer cell lines.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.5-5
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• 2018

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), one of the most widely used medicinal plants in traditional oriental medicine, is used for the treatment of various diseases. It has been classified according to its cultivation environment, such as field cultivated ginseng (FCG) and mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG). However, little is known about differences in gene expression in ginseng roots between field cultivated and mountain cultivated ginseng. In order to investigate the whole transcriptome landscape of ginseng, we employed High-Throughput sequencing technologies using the Illumina HiSeqTM2500 system, and generated a large amount of sequenced transcriptome from ginseng roots. Approximately 77 million and 87 million high-quality reads were produced in the FCG and MCG roots transcriptome analyses, respectively, and we obtained 256,032 assembled unigenes with an average length of 1,171 bp by de novo assembly methods. Functional annotations of the unigenes were performed using sequence similarity comparisons against the following databases: the non-redundant nucleotide database, the InterPro domains database, the Gene Ontology Consortium database, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database. A total of 4,207 unigenes were assigned to specific metabolic pathways, and all of the known enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were also identified in the KEGG library. This study indicated that alpha-glucan phosphorylase 1, putative pectinesterase/pectinesterase inhibitor 17, beta-amylase, and alpha-glucan phosphorylase isozyme H might be important factors involved in starch and sucrose metabolism between FCG and MCG in different environments.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of agronomic characters, their path coefficients in 2, 3 and 4-year old ginseng plants, and to provide a useful information for ginseng breeding. Correlation coefficients between stem fen변h, number of leaves and number of Iraflets in 2-year age, and stem diameter and leaf length in 3-year age showed highly significant correlation with number of fruits and root weight in 4-year age. The path coefficient analysis indicated that stem length and number of leaflets might give indirect effects on root weight regardless of plant age. On the other hand, stem length and number of leaflets in 2-year age and, stem diameter and leaf length in 3-year age showed direct effects on root weight in 4-year old ginseng. These results may be used for selection of high-yielding ginseng plants. Key words Selection information, correlation and path coefficient analysis.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.480-484
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• 1997

한국산 수삼을 주서로 갈아 30분간 끓인 다음 착즙, 원심분리하여 당을 추출하여 HPLC 및 TLC로 당을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 수크로오스는 3.77%, 말토오스는 3.5%, 포룩토오스는 0.09%로 나타났다. 다른 소당류는 검출되지 않았다. NMR 분석 결과 전분은 $\alpha$-1, 4-글루코시드 결합만을 나타내고, 요오드 반응은 아밀로오스(DP 117) 흡광도의 92%를 나타냈기 때문에 아밀로오스만으로 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 카르바졸법으로 펙틴을 분석한 결과 갈락투론산으로 0.22%를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1997

In order to elucidate the mechanism of red-colored phenomena(RCP) in ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), distribution of inorganic elements of ginseng root and its surrounding soil, and microflora in the soil were investigated. Red brown colored-substances were accumulated in the cell wall of epidermis at early stage of red-colored ginseng (RCG). Cell wall of the late stage of RCG was disordered and microorganisms were shown in the disordered cell wall. Al, Si and Fe contents among inorpanic elements in the epidermis of RCG were higher at two or three times than that of healthy ginseng. On the other hand, K content was higher at three times in healthy ginseng than that of RCG. Especially, Fe content was higher at three times in lateral roots of RCG than that of healthy ginseng. Total 21 strains of microorganisms were isolated on the 523 medium from surface soil, surrounding soil of both healthy and RCG, and RCG. Six strains of microorganisms among them were resistant to 2 mM Fe. Two species in Bacillus app. and Lactobacillus app. , and one species in Micrococcus sp. and Npisseria sp. respectively were identified. It seemed that RCP was closely related with the distribution and uptake of inorganic elements, was also correlated Fe-independent metabolism of microorganisms.