• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집(제1권)
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2006

최근 파나마 운하 확장이 국민투표로 결정됨에 따라 2014년부터는 12,000TEU급의 선박의 통행이 가능해진다. 파나마운하의 규모적 한계 때문에 포스트 파나막스급이상의 선박들은 파나마 운하대신 아메리칸 랜드브릿지 및 다른 운송루트를 이용해야 했다. 그러나 파나마 운하확장이 확정됨에 따라 향후 극동-북미 간 운송루트의 변화가 불가피할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 극동-북미 간을 운행하는 선박의 규모별 루트별 총운송비용을 분석하여 두 구간의 경쟁력을 검토한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2007

최근 파나마 운하 확장이 국민투표로 결정됨에 따라 2014년부터는 12,000TEU급의 선박의 통행이 가능해진다. 파나마운하의 규모적 한계 때문에 포스트 파나막스급이상의 선박들은 파나마 운하대신 아메리칸 랜드브릿지 및 다른 운송루트를 이용해야 했다. 그러나 파나마 운하 확장이 확정됨에 따라 향후 극동-북미 간 운송루트의 변화가 불가피할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 극동-북미 간을 운행하는 선박의 규모별 루트별 총운송비용을 분석하여 두 구간의 경쟁력을 검토한다.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.195-211
• /
• 2021

This paper measures the economic impacts of the U.S. port investment strategies coping with the Panama Canal expansion. Using secondary import data, negative and positive estimates of the impacts were presented in this study. Reduced port activities into the West Coast Customs Districts negatively affect transportation and warehousing industries, among other effects. Still, they have simultaneous positive effects in other states from increased imports resulting from modal shifts and changes in the entry port located in the South and East coasts. This study applied the supply-driven National Interstate Economic Model that measures all interstate trade among the U.S. states to divert foreign imports from 15 Pacific Rim countries. For this purpose, the following assumption was adopted: larger ships using the canal will lead to a redirection of seaborne trade among U.S. (and other) ports and result in secondary effects, e.g., using different freight modes and regional growth spillovers. This study also accounted for the entry point change and significant port investments for foreign trade under alternative scenarios. The choice of ports for international trade depends on decisions about how to minimize multimodal delivery costs. The total direct reduction of transportation and warehousing activities associated with foreign imports in the West Coast ports was estimated at $3.3 billion, leading to total negative effects of $5.8 billion. Total positive impacts from the shift of transportation modes with the choice of an entry port and new warehousing activities for foreign imports in the selected 12 states varied. As expected, states that involved an entry port had the most prominent benefits, but Texas, New York, and New Jersey may be benefited through all the port enhancement projects in the U.S. Also, except for Transportation and Postal, and Warehousing industries, Construction is another dominant positive affected industry of the Canal expansion in the U.S.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권11호
• /
• pp.4236-4243
• /
• 2022

An industrial nuclear technique based on the use of an X-ray profiler was implemented to estimate the densities or concentrations of sediments present in an Atlantic maritime zone in the areas subjected to dredging under the governance of the Panama Canal Authority (ACP). The sediment profiles show in most areas there is a concentration of between 1.00-1.15 g/cm³ except for one area in particular, the density starts at 1.20 g/cm³ and even reaches values greater than 1.50 g/cm³; therefore, an already consolidated sediment is present, which, depending on the depth found. Values of 1.265 g/cm³, 1.297 g/cm³, 1.185 g/cm³ obtained by ACP previous studies are within the range of 1.20-1.30 g/cm³ measured with the nucleonic gauge. However, it should be noted that during the tests with the X ray profiler, sediment densities values greater than the aforementioned limit were also obtained that varying according at depths close to 12 m and 18 m with values reached up to 1.513 g/cm³ and 1.60 g/cm³, respectively. This demonstrates that sediment accumulation depends on depth. This nucleonic gauge is feasible technique for the study of the sedimentation phenomenon in channel basins and even in other projects nationwide.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.313-316
• /
• 1997

Thomas'fruit-eating bat, Artibeus watssoni, is known to alter leaves of a wide variety of tropical plants to construct tent roosts. On Barro Colorado Island and Gigante Peninsula in the canal zone, Panama, A. watsoni is found to use the black palm, Astrocaryum standleyanum, as its tent plant. Bats cut the first five to ten pinnae from the proximal side of the terminal blade and chew additional four to nine pinnae without severing their central veins. The distance from the frond rachis to the cut decreases distally leaving an inverted V-shaped cut path. The distal portions of the bifurcated blade are then collapsed and folded to form the'bifid'tent with an inverted boat-shaped cavity underneath. All tents were in fronds of trunkless juvenile plants.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 Asia Navigation Conference
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2004

There are two principal routes for the Asia-North America containerized cargo, that of Asia-West Coast and Asia-East Coast. On the West Coast, the Asia-Los Angeles, dominate the commerce, whereas on the Asia-East Coast it's the Panama Canal. Each of these routes has different characteristics. All are similar in that each is the door to the commerce of containerized cargo originating in Asia; each combines maritime and overland transportation; each has important intermodal connections and is able to distribute cargo throughout the West and East Coasts of the United States. Each route also has its port of preference that has the necessary infrastructure, equipment and intermodal connections. For example, in the case of the Port of Los Angeles, in spite of some of its advantages, it has several serious problems due to the interminable containerized cargo traffic that must be solved rapidly and satisfactorily in order to progress. In this paper, we would like to show the problems of two main routes.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2011

경인 아라뱃길 사업과 관련된 환경오염문제 및 경제적 실효성에 대한 논란은 접어두고 2011년 10월에 개통을 앞둔 현 상황에서는 수로가 완성되어 개통된 이후 선박 통항 안전성 확보를 통하여 사고의 발생을 방지함으로써 인명, 재산 및 환경을 적극적으로 보호하는데 초점이 맞추어져야 할 시점이다. 이에 이 논문에서는 경인 아라뱃길이 우리나라 최초의 내륙수로가 된다는 점을 고려하여 수로의 운영 및 선박 통항 안전성 확보를 위하여 운항 및 관리규칙의 제정에 대해 검토해 보고 안을 제시하고자 한다. 이 안은 세계 주요 운하의 통항 규칙 검토 및 경인 아라뱃길의 특성을 고려하여 총 7개장으로 분류하여 일반규정, 선박통항에 관한 일반규정, 선박운항규칙, 제한사항, 비상대응사항, 통항 제한사항및 벌칙규정 등으로 구성하여 각각의 규정을 개관하고 있다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.132-145
• /
• 2012

Mooring fittings mean various devices and fittings to safely fasten vessels to quays, jetties and sea-floating buoys, etc. They include mooing winches, capstans, chocks, fairleads, guide rollers, bollards, and bitts. Not only the seats and reinforced parts for the installation of fittings but also ropes and chains for mooring and chain stoppers can be also considered. Because of damages to mooring fittings during mooring directly related to large-scale accidents such as the drifting of vessels, mooring fittings with strength appropriate for the physical features of the vessels must be installed. The reinforcement of the vessels on which the mooring fittings are installed must be designed to withstand the loads transferred from the fittings as well. Also mooring fittings with efficient strength should be required because damaged ships lead to sea pollution such as oil or fuel oil spillage. This study has been performed by the Finite Element Method for two aspects of closed chocks which are divided into structure-supporting shapes and working load. In the case of structure-supporting shapes, they have been performed in the field of sheet and bulwark. As for working load, it has been analyzed according to working load direction such as chock's side and below. At first, strength analysis for unique closed chocks has been carried out by using the Finite Element Method, they are applied for the situation when vessels pass by the panama canal. And then the experiment has been done to verify the analyzed date obtained by FEM. The experimental results were found to be similar to the numerical results with up to 16% difference. On the basis of the results obtained, standardization has been carried out by the Finite Element Method for various sizes of closed chocks.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2014

Environmental changes, especially global climate change, are creating new routes to reduce a shipping service distance in Arctic area. The Arctic routes are shorter than 60% of existing ways Panama or Suez canal). For this reason, ship owners prefer to navigate in Arctic area and a transportation of goods though the Arctic area is increasing. But the low temperature in Arctic condition changes the material properties. Especially, the material will be brittle and strength will increase. And an ultimate strength analysis of ship stiffened panels is changed depending on temperatures. In present study, the ultimate strength analysis of stiffened panels in double hull oil tankers is performed under various low temperatures with the material properties obtained by tensile coupon test. The analytical method as named ALPS/ULSAP was used for analysis method and 6 kinds of temperature (20, 0, -20, -40, -60 and $-80^{\circ}C$) were considered to investigate the effect of Arctic conditions.