• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.348-356
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• 1989

Seventeen patients of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum were underwent operation during 4.8years period from Jan. 1983 to Aug. 1988 at Seoul National university Hospital. The patients were composed of 8 males and 9 females, aging 1day to 2.5 years [mean 88 days]. We classified pulmonary atresia according to right ventricular morphology; those with tripartite ventricles in 12, those with no trabecular portion to the cavity in 0, and those with inlet portion only in 5. The tripartite approach to right ventricular morphology is helpful in selecting the type of initial palliative procedures. Palliative procedures were as follows; pulmonary valvotomy in 5 with 3 early survivors, mod B-T shunt in 4 with 3 early survivors, and palliative right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in 4 with 1 early survivor. Effective preliminary palliation of pulmonary atresia are pulmonary valvotomy or palliative right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in those with tripartite right ventricle, and modified Blalock-Taussig shunt in those with no infundibular portion. The approach to definitive repair is based primarily on the actual size of the tricuspid annulus and the right ventricular cavity. Definitive repair was as follows: definitive right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in 4 with all survivors and mod. Fontan operation in 2 with one survivors. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction can be done as complete repair for patients who had adequate tricuspid annulus and right ventricular cavitary size and mod. Fontan operation for patients who severely hypoplastic tricuspid valve annulus or small right ventricular cavity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1992

The ideal approach in the staged management of patients with pulmonary atresia has been a challenging problem and the result has not been always satisfactory. We reviewed our early result of initial palliative surgeries in fifteen cases of pulmonary atresia with interventricular communication Included are eight cases of simple pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and seven cases of pulmonary atresia associated with other complex cardiac anomalies. The ages of the patients were less than one year except one. The morphology of pulmonary vasculature was highly variable and showed unfavorable conditions in most cases. Pulmonary artery was nonconfluent in two. Two-thirds of all cases showed significant problems such as juxtaductal stenosis or diffuse hypoplasia. The ductus arteriosus usually narrowed at its pulmonic end. Initial palliation was done by modified Blalock-Taussig shunt in six, central shunt with or without pulmonary angioplasty in five, right ventricular outflow tract [RVOT] reconstruction in three and direct connection of nonconfluent pulmonary arteries with bilateral cav-opulmonary shunt in one patient. There were 3 hospital deaths. Two of them underwent simultaneous repair of the associated anomaly of TAPVR. Among the six patients who received modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, three needed early second palliative procedure by central shunt, RVOT patch reconstruction and pulmonary angioplasty in each case, All patients who received central shunt showed marked clinical improvement. Among the twelve patients who survived the palliative procedures, two patients underwent total correction 13 months and 18 months after initial palliation respectively. We think that the choice of palliative procedure must be individualized according to the morphology of the pulmonary arteries. More experience and long term follow-up data are necessary to meet this challenging problem.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 1993

From February 1982 to December 1991, 49 neonates and 105 infants in less than 3 months of age underwent open heart surgery in Seoul National University Hospital. There were 98 males and 56 females, and their mean ages were 16 days in neonatal group and 67 days in early infant group. Their body weight and height were less than 3 percentile of normal developmental pattern. In order of decreasing incidence, the corrected conditions included Transposition of great arteries with or without ventricular septal defect [43], isolated ventricular septal defect [34], Total anomalous pulmonary venous return [21], Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum [9] and others [47]. Various corrective or palliative procedures were performed on these patients; Arterial switch operation [36], patch closure for ventricular septal defect [34], Repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous return [21], RVOT reconstruction for congenital anomalies with compromised right ventricular outflow tract [17]. Profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest were used in 94 patients [ 61% ]: 42 patients [ 85.7% ] for neonatal group and 52 patients [ 49.5% ] for early infant group. The durations of circulatory interruption were within the safe margin according to the corresponding body temperature in most cases [ 84% ]. The hospital mortality was 36.4% ; 44.9% in neonatal group and 32.4% in infant group 1 to 3 months of age. The mortality was higher in cyanotic patients [ 46.6% ], in those who underwent palliative procedures [ 57.8% ], in patients whose circulatory arrest time was longer than safe periods [ 60% 0] and in patients who had long periods of cardiopulmonary bypss and aortic crossclamping. In conclusion, there has been increasing incidence of open heart surgery in neonates and early infants in recent years and the technique of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest was applied in most of these patients, and the mortality was higher in cyanotic neonates who underwent palliative procedures and who had long cardiopulmonary bypass , aortic cross-clamping and circulatory arrest.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 2014

Purpose: Common conditions, such as dehydration or respiratory infection can aggravate hypoxia and are associated with interstage mortality in infants who have undergone palliative surgery for congenital heart diseases. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of a home monitoring program (HMP) in decreasing infant mortality. Methods: Since its inception in May 2010, all infants who have undergone palliative surgery have been enrolled in HMP. This study was a prospective observational study and infant outcomes during HMP were compared with those of previous comparison groups. Parents were trained to measure oxygen saturation, body weight and feeding volume and to contact the hospital through the hotline for emergency situations. Telephone counseling was conducted by clinical nurse specialists every week post discharge. Results: Forty-one infants were enrolled in HMP. Nine hundred telephone counseling sessions were conducted. Seventy-three infants required telephone triage with the most common conditions being gastrointestinal (50.7%) and respiratory symptoms (32.9%). With HMP intervention, interstage mortality decreased from 18.6% (8/43) to 9.8% (4/41) (${\chi}^2$=1.15, p=.283). Conclusion: Results indicate that active measures and treatments using the HMP decrease mortality rates, however further investigation is required to identify various factors that contribute to hemodynamic complications during the interstage period.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.146-150
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• 1989

Dysphagia is common in patients with cancer of the esophagus. The rate of resectability of the lesion is low, and the majority of the patients require palliation to relieve the dysphagia. Celestin tube intubation was performed in patients with unresectable carcinoma of the esophagus, of one with malignant bronchoesophageal fistula. Dysphagia and respiratory symptoms were relieved and the patients became able to eat semi-solid food and fully ambulatory.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2004

A 12-year-old boy with severe periumbilical pain visited the emergency room. Physical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, colonoscopy and CT, identified a lesion of sigmoid colon. Endoscopic biopsy showed a signet ring cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon. On explorative laparotomy, cancer invasions of the adjacent structures and metastases on peritoneal wall were noticed. We performed palliative loop-ileostomy. He underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for 3 months. The second case was a 16-year-old boy with abdominal pain and hematochezia, transferred to our hospital with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis with periappendiceal abscess. Although he underwent appendectomy, the abdominal pain persisted. Digital rectal examination revealed a lumen-obstructing fungating mass in the rectum. Endoscopic biopsy revealed a adenocarcinoma. Cancer invasion of the adjacent structures and metastases involving the mesentery of the small intestine were found at laparotomy. A palliative procedure, a Hartmann's operation and end-colostomy at the sigmoid colon were performed. The patient died 8 month later due to pneumonia and sepsis. Chemotherapy was not applied.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.605-614
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• 1985

The principal aim of surgery for congenital heart anomalies is the establishment of normal hemodynamic function. Palliative and corrective operations are selected with time to attain this end with minimal risk. In recent years, as operative mortality after primary total correction is lower than the mortality after early palliation and delayed correction, corrective operations in infants have increasingly supplanted palliative ones. Two hundred and eighteen infants below 10 kg with congenital heart anomalies underwent primary surgical intervention at Yonsei Medical Center from March 1979 to June 1985. There were 155 infants with VSD, 35 Infants with TOF, 5 infants with ECD, 4 infants with TGV, 3 infants with DORV, 3 infants with Pulmonary atresia, 3 infants with ASD and PDA, 2 infants with DOLV, and the remainders were Sinus Valsalva rupture, residual mitral regurgitation after total correction of ECD, PAPVR, Cor triatriatum, Truncus arteriosus, and Tricuspid atresia. The overall surgical mortality was 15.1%. In the acyanotic group, 13 infants died among 168 infants, and mortality was 7.7%. But in the cyanotic group, the mortality rate was very high and 20 infants died among 50 infants raising the mortality to 40.0%. These poor surgical results in the cyanotic or complicated group was due to inaccurate diagnosis, improper surgical methods and inadequate post-operative care which should be improved.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.425-429
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• 2014

Two dogs were presented with a history of anorexia, respiratory distress, or epistaxis. On physical examination, the dogs showed difficulty breathing and open-mouth breathing and large masses were found on the hard palate and soft palate. Cardiac arrest happened in case 2 and the dog was stabilized with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and oxygen therapy. Computed tomography demonstrated that the mass occupied the oropharynx, intrapharyngeal ostium, and laryngopharynx including the hard palate and soft palate in case 1. Palliative surgery was decided to improve swallowing and breathing with owner's consent in two dogs. Buccal mucosal flaps were performed for reconstruction of defects using rotational and single-pedicle advancement flaps and bilateral 90 degree transposition flaps in cases 1 and 2, respectively. Histopathology results described the oral masses as amelanotic melanoma in two dogs. The owners reported that there was normal swallowing and breathing at 7 days postoperatively in two dogs. In case 1, recurrent tumor was identified caudal to the hard palate 4 weeks after surgery. The owner did not allow further treatment and the dog became lost to follow-up at 2 months postoperatively. In case 2, there was no clinical or radiographic evidence of a local recurrence or distant metastasis at 3 weeks after surgery. The owner informed that the dog died suddenly with no signs of anything particularly wrong at 7 weeks after surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.529-533
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• 1985

Though esophageal cancer was not a common disease, early metastasis and direct extension to adjacent organ were important on the treatment of disease. Therefore, palliative operation was often useful in advanced esophageal cancer. Between June 1985 through July 1985, we treated three cases of inoperable esophageal cancer with Celestin`s endo-esophageal tube by esophageal intubation. Three operations were done under general anesthesia. Celestin`s tube were inserted via oral cavity and additional traction on stomach were applied. After complete insertion of tube was done, the distal end of Celestin`s tube was modified in length. Also stay suture was applied between tube and stomach wall was applied. Postoperative esophagogram revealed good esophageal patency through Celestin`s tube. Clinically, swallowing difficulty was much improved after operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.315-320
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• 1989

Dysphagia is common symptom in patients with advanced esophageal cancer, which is not to be resected surgically. Especially when esophagorespiratory fistula is complicated, it leads to rapid deterioration and death due to pulmonary infection. Esophageal intubation relieves dysphagia as simple surgical execution and offers rapid effectiveness. For six patients with inoperable esophageal cancer including three esophago-respiratory fistulas, the palliative esophageal intubation was performed in Korea Cancer Center Hospital, in 1988. Traction technique via high gastrotomy with Celestin tube was used. Adequate palliation of dysphagia was achieved in 5 patients, but wound infection was developed in 2 patients, tube migration in 2 patients, and 2 died in hospital due to sepsis on the 16th and 42nd postoperative day, respectively. In 3 patients with esophagorespiratory fistula complicated after radiation therapy, the intubation was performed urgently and the result was satisfactory in 2 of them that the fistula was occluded successfully and aspiration or pulmonary infection was prevented.