• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 2020

A line parallel to the ground is frequently shown in our daily life, which enables us to guess its direction. Especially, such a guess tends to become clear when a vanishing line of the ground is shown together. In this paper, a vision based pallet measurement method is suggested, which uses a technique for estimating three-dimensional direction of a line parallel to the ground. The technique computes actually a vector heading to intersection of a given imaged line parallel to the ground and the ground vanishing line determined previously on calibrating a measurement camera. Through an experiment of measuring a real commercial pallet with various orientation and distance, we found that the technique could measure the orientation of the pallet correctly and accurately. The technique worked well even though an edge line available on the front plane of a pallet was almost parallel to the ground vanishing line.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1254-1262
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• 2018

Many parallel lines may be shown in our real life and they are useful for analyzing structure of objects or buildings. In this paper, a vision based technique for estimating three-dimensional direction of parallel lines is suggested, which uses a calibrated camera and is applicable to an image being captured from the camera. Correctness of the technique is theoretically described and discussed in this paper. The technique is well applicable to measurement of orientation of a pallet in a warehouse, because a pair of parallel lines is well detected in the front plane of the pallet. Thereby the technique enables a forklift with a well-calibrated camera to engage the pallet automatically. Such a forklift in a warehouse can engage a pallet on a storing rack as well as one on the ground. Usefulness of the suggested technique for other applications is also discussed. We conducted an experiment of measuring a real commercial pallet with various orientation and distance and found for the technique to work correctly and accurately.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2011

A vision-based method for positioning and orienting of pallets is presented in this paper, which guides autonomous forklifts to engage pallets automatically. The method uses a single camera mounted on the fork carriage instead of two cameras for stereo vision that is conventionally used for positioning objects in 3D space. An image back-projection technique for determining the orient of a pallet without any fiducial marks is suggested in tins paper, which projects two feature lines on the front plane of the pallet backward onto a virtual plane that can be rotated around a given axis in 3D space. We show the fact that the rotation angle of the virtual plane on which the back-projected feature lines are parallel can be used to describe the orient of the pallet front plane. The position of the pallet is determined by using ratio of the distance between the back-projected feature lines and their real distance on the pallet front plane. Through a test on real pallet images, we found that the proposed method was applicable to real environment practically in real-time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.73-77
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• 1997

This paper describes the analysis of measuring error of on the machine measuring(OMM) system which can directly measure the three dimensional machined free surface dimension using scanning probe on milling machine. 21 inch TV shadow mask mould was measured using PTP(point to point)measurement algorithm at pallet clamped and unclamped state on OMM system, and using coordinate measuring machine(CMM) one after another. The OMM system was evaluated probe error, stylus contact error, center shift error, repeatability and so on. Consequencely, the conclusion derived that elastic displacement of pallet had effect on measuring error mainly, and pallet design and setup method would be important.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.34-42
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• 1998

This paper describes an analysis of measuring error of on the machine measuring(OMM) system which directly measures machined surface dimensions using scanning probe on a CNC milling machine. 21 inch TV shadow mask mould clamped to a pallet was measured using PTP(point to point) measuring algorithm in OMM system and the results were compared with those using coordinate measuring machine(CMM). The OMM error was evaluated by probe error, stylus contact error, center shift error, repeatability, work-piece clamping error and etc. The results show that elastic deformation of the pallet is most affecting factor on the measuring error, thus pallet design and clamping method need very careful cosiderations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2012

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.55-69
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• 2014

Purpose - Despite the importance of price, many companies do not implement pricing policies smoothly, because typical price management strategies insufficiently consider logistics efficiency and an increase in logistics costs due to logistics waste. This study attempts to examine the effect of product line pricing, which corresponds to product mix pricing, on logistics efficiency in the case of manufacturer A, and analyzes how logistics performance changes in response to these variables. Research design, data, and methodology - This study, based on the case of manufacturer A, involved research through understanding the current status, analyses, and then proposing improvement measures. Among all the products of manufacturer A, product group B was selected as the research object, and its distribution channel and line pricing were examined. As a result of simulation, for products with low loading efficiency, improvement measures such as changing the number of bags in the box were suggested, and a quantitative analysis was conducted on how these measures influence logistics costs. The TOPS program was used for the Pallet loading efficiency simulation tool in this study. To prevent products from protruding out of the pallet, the maximum measurement was set as 0.0mm, and loading efficiency was based on the pallet area, and not volume. In other words, its size (length x width) was focused upon, following the purpose of this study and, then, the results were obtained. Results - As a result of the loading efficiency simulation, when the number of bags in the box was changed for 36 products with low average loading efficiency of 73.7%, as shown in