• 소음진동
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2000

the reduction of the interior nosie level has been the main interest of NVH engineers in the development of vehicles. However, the consumer's perception on the car noise is affected largely by the psychoacoustic characteristics of the noise, as well as the sound pressure level. In this study, the quality of the vehicle interior nosie is analyzed by employing the subjective evaluations and by representing them in temrs of the objective quantities. The subjective evaluatins were performed for the seven vehicles in the range of subcompact to luxury cars. The methods of paired comparisons and semantic differential were used to study the preference, the quality of interior noise and their correlation. The linear regression models were obtained for the subjective evaluation and the sound quality metrics.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2006

일반적으로 쌍체 비교(paired comparison 또는 paired t test)가 효과적인 쌍으로의 구획을 통하여 소위 독립비교(group comparison)라고 일컫는 독립 이표본 t 검정(two-sample t test)보다 정밀한 결과를 제공하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 사실을 통계적으로 됫받침하기 위하여 두 방법의 정밀도를 보다 정량적으로 비교하였다. 독립 비교와 쌍체 비교가 각각 일원배치법과 이원배치법 (특히, 임의화 블록 설계법)의 특수한 경우이므로 각각에 상응하는 신뢰구간의 길이의 비로 정의된 비교 통계량은 분산분석의 통계량으로 표현된다. 다시 말해서, 이 통계량은 t 와 F 분포함수로 표현되므로 쉽게 독립비교와 쌍체비교의 정밀도를 비교할 수 있다. 실제로, 자주 쓰이는 유의수준에서는 쌍체표본 내에 구획 간의 유의한 변동이 있으면 쌍체비교가 독립비교보다 정밀할 가능성이 더 높다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.945-953
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to develop a linear regression model for the sound quality index of vehicle Interior noise. For this, objective measurement data of the vehicles driving in acceleration was measured. On the basis of analysis, psychoacoustic parameters were extracted and subjective evaluation was performed by noise and vibration expert evaluators. For the subjective evaluation, the paired comparisons and the semantic differential methods were used to evaluate sound quality of vehicle interior noise. By the paired comparison which evaluate two pairs of vehicle interior noise, the preference was estimated. With the semantic differential and the factor analysis, it was evaluated words of two pairs which expressed appropriately the sense of evaluator about noise source. Therefore the characteristics of the sound qualify for the vehicle were differentiated. From the results of both the correlation analysis and the multiple factor regression analysis, the sound quality evaluation model for the sense of human hearing was derived and indexed.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2016

As information system is getting higher and amount of information assets is increasing, skills of threatening subjects are more advanced, so that it threatens precious information assets of ours. The purpose of this study is to present a strategic direction for the types of companies seeking access to information security. The framework classifies companies into eight types so company can receive help in making decisions for the development of information security strategy depending on the type of company it belongs to. Paired comparison method survey conducted by a group of information security experts to determine the priority and the relative importance of information security management elements. The factors used in the security response strategy are the combination of the information security international certification standard ISO 27001, domestic information protection management system certification K-ISMS, and personal information security management system certification PIMS. Paired comparison method was then used to determine strategy alternative priorities for each type. Paired comparisons were conducted to select the most applicable factors among the 12 strategic factors. Paired comparison method questionnaire was conducted through e-mail and direct questionnaire survey of 18 experts who were engaged in security related tasks such as security control, architect, security consulting. This study is based on the idea that it is important not to use a consistent approach for effective implementation of information security but to change security strategy alternatives according to the type of company. The results of this study are expected to help the decision makers to produce results that will serve as the basis for companies seeking access to information security first or companies seeking to establish new information security strategies.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 1998

The method of pairwise comparison inherently contains information of ambiguity, fuzziness and conflict in design goals for a multiobjective structural design. This paper applies the principle of paired comparison so that the vaguely formulated problem can be modified and a set of numerically acceptable weight would reflect the relatively important degree of multiple objectives. This paper also presents a fuzzy global criterion method ($FGCM_{\lambda}$) included fuzzy constraints that coupled with the objective weighting rank obtained from the modified pairwise comparisons for fuzzy multiobjective optimization problems. Descriptions in sequence of this combined method and problem solving experiences are given in the current article. Multiobjective design examples of truss and mechanical spring structures illustrate this optimization process containing the revising judgement techniques.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2021

Objective: To compare two clinically available MR volumetry software, NeuroQuant^® (NQ) and Inbrain^® (IB), and examine the inter-method reliabilities and differences between them. Materials and Methods: This study included 172 subjects (age range, 55-88 years; mean age, 71.2 years), comprising 45 normal healthy subjects, 85 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 42 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed with IB and NQ. Mean differences were compared with the paired t test. Inter-method reliability was evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Effect sizes were also obtained to document the standardized mean differences. Results: The paired t test showed significant volume differences in most regions except for the amygdala between the two methods. Nevertheless, inter-method measurements between IB and NQ showed good to excellent reliability (0.72 < r < 0.96, 0.83 < ICC < 0.98) except for the pallidum, which showed poor reliability (left: r = 0.03, ICC = 0.06; right: r = -0.05, ICC = -0.09). For the measurements of effect size, volume differences were large in most regions (0.05 < r < 6.15). The effect size was the largest in the pallidum and smallest in the cerebellum. Conclusion: Comparisons between IB and NQ showed significantly different volume measurements with large effect sizes. However, they showed good to excellent inter-method reliability in volumetric measurements for all brain regions, with the exception of the pallidum. Clinicians using these commercial software should take into consideration that different volume measurements could be obtained depending on the software used.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2006

소음에 대한 인간의 심리적 인지는 소음의 여러 가지 물리적 요인에 의하여 영향을 받는다. 그러나 현재의 환경소음 평가는 A 가중치 등가 소음 수준을 기준으로 평가되고 있으며 인간의 다양한 감성적 요인을 반영하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 환경소음 평가를 위하여 환경소음원 43개에 대하여 주관평가와 통계적 분석방법을 사용하여 인간의 감성에 영향을 주는 음질인자 (Sound quality factor)를 분석하였다. 분석방법은 먼저 다양한 환경소음원에 대한 음질물리량 (Sound quality metrics)을 분석하여 음원을 분류하였으며 분류된 음원의 주된 음질 물리량을 고찰하였다. 그리고 쌍대비교법 (Paired comparisons method)과 어의분별척도법 (Semantic differential method)을 사용하여 주관 평가를 실시하고 음질의 요인을 분석하였으며 물리량과의 관계를 규명하였다. 마지막으로 요인에 대한 물리량의 기여도를 분석함으로써 환경소음의 감성적 인지에 대한 기초 물리량을 설정하였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of posture difference on respiratory function in cerebral palsy patients. Methods : Twenty-two cerebral palsy childrens were recruited this study. Respiratory Function test was measured with Cardio Touch 3000 and Micro Respiratory Pressure Meter. Cardio Touch 3000 was used to assess cerebral palsy childrens' forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume at one second. Micro Respiratory Pressure Meter was to assess Maximum inspiratory pressure and Maximum expiratory pressure. Subjects had four respiratory functions measured in supine, slouched sitting, and elected sitting postures. Statistical analysis was used Paired t-test for within-group comparisons and Independent t-test for between-group comparisons. SPSS statistics Ver 20.0 was used for statistical anlysis and statistical significance was defined as a p-value less than 0.05. Result : The subjects' respiratory function according to posture showed significant difference in Forced Vital Capacity(FVC), Maximum Expiratory Pressure(MEP) and Maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP)(p<.05). Elected sitting posture had a positive effect on respiratory function than slouched sitting, supine. Conclusion : In conclusion, We could see that change of posture in children with cerebral palsy affects respiratory function and Elected sitting can be a positive help for the respiratory function of children with cerebral palsy.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.877-884
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• 2005

The importance and usefulness of a subjective evaluation of the sensorial properties of scoured silk fabrics is discussed. Silk fabric was treated at 12 different scouring rates and the scoured fabrics were used as specimens. Using paired comparisons, three trained subjects, evaluated seven subjective sensorial properties; softness, elasticity, drape, stiffness, crispness, and luster. A quad experimental design was adopted as an effective and reliable evaluation method. Results showed that some properties such as drape, luster were easily discriminated depending on the scouring rates whereas the smoothness was not easily discriminated. As the scouring rate increased, it was hard to discriminated the softness, drape, and stiffness, which indicates there is an optimum scouring rates to have a certain sensorial properties. It was suggested that these results should be applied to the manufacturing process.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.90-100
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• 2000

Statistical reliability in the sensory evaluation measures the agreement of judgements for several observers. Kendall's coefficient of concordance for multiple rankings. and coefficient of consistence and coefficient of agreement for paired comparisons are frequently used as the standard reliability measures. The main idea and the computational formula of these coefficients in various situations are explained in detail with some real (cloth designing) examples. Moreover a user-friendly computer program called as MultPair is introduced. We expect that this expository paper and the computer program give a practical help to the researchers who use the sensory evaluation techniques.