• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.215-221
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• 2011

Purpose: Newborns routinely experience pain associated with invasive procedures such as blood sampling, venipuncture, heelstick, or venous cannulation. This study was done to provide data for a nursing intervention to alleviate newborn pain clinically by investigating the effect of local anesthetic cream during venipuncture. Methods: Participants were 70 newborns hospitalized in the nursery. Informed Consent was obtained from parents of the newborns. Venipuncture for regular blood sampling was carried out for a test on 2 groups; the experimental, placebo group. The neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS), and duration of crying were measured to assess pain reaction. All neonatal behaviors were recorded on videotape. Results: There were significant differences in pain behavior during venipuncture (t=-4.752, p<.001), immediately after sampling (t=-5.591, p<.001), 3 minutes after puncture (t=-2.469, p=.017), and in duration of crying (t=-3.005, p=.004). Conclusion: Results show that local administration of EMLA cream before venipuncture causes a reduction in neonatal pain response, indicating that the EMLA cream has the effect of pain relief.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.437-442
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• 2022

Background: Propofol is a short-acting intravenous sedative widely used for procedural sedation and general anesthesia. However, pain during propofol injection is a distressing adverse effect. This study was designed to investigate whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) could reduce pain during propofol injection compared to sham TENS. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 80 patients were allocated to two groups: the active TENS group received electrical stimulation via two electrodes on the venous cannulation site, whereas the sham TENS group received no stimulus. After 20 min following TENS, propofol 0.5 mg/kg pain was injected intravenously and pain was evaluated using a four-point score (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe). Adverse effects associated with TENS were also recorded. Results: The overall incidence of pain during propofol injection was 47.5% in the TENS group and 87.5% in the sham group (P < 0.001). The incidence of moderate pain was significantly lower in the TENS group (7.5%) than in the sham TENS group (42.5%) (P < 0.001). There were no complications associated with TENS. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with TENS significantly reduced the incidence and intensity of pain during propofol injection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2014

Background: When managing patients who require repeated venous access, gaining a viable intravenous route has been problematic. To improve the situation, various studies on techniques for venous access have been conducted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of complications following totally implanted central venous access port (TICVAP) insertion. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 163 patients, from December 2008 to March 2013. The occurrence of complications was studied in three separate periods of catheter use: the intraoperative period, postoperative period, and period during the treatment. Results: A total of 165 cases of TICVAP insertions involving 156 patients were included in the final analysis. There were 35 complications (21%) overall. Among these, 31 cases of complications (19%) occurred during the treatment period and the other 4 cases were intraoperative and postoperative complications (2%). There were no statistically significant differences in age and gender of the patients between the two groups to be risk factors (p=0.147, p=0.08). Past history of chemotherapy, initial laboratory findings, and the locations of TICVAP insertion also showed no statistical significance as risk factors (p>0.05). Conclusion: Because the majority of complications occurred after port placement and during treatment, meticulous care and management and appropriate education are necessary when using TICVAPs.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2011

Blood glucose information is important for self regulation in daily life, but the frequency of self test remains to be only 17%(9 tests/month) in Korea, mainly due to pain during blood sampling. The present study tried to validate the clinical efficacy of the forearm as an alternative sampling site with minimized pain. Capillary blood was sampled both on the index finger($G_F$) and the forearm($G_A$), immediately followed by glucose measurements in 531 subjects, 25 who visited the Health Enhancement Center of C University Hospital, then venous blood($G_V$) was sampled for glucose test. The blood glucose concentration measured on the forearm was closer to the venous glucose than on the finger. The mean difference between $G_V$and $G_F$ was only 10 mg/dL well within the internationally accepted error limit. Error grid analyses of $G_F-G_V$, $G_A-G_V$ and $G_A-G_F$ revealed that the number of data points in regions A and B took 100%, 99.8%, and 97.9%, respectively. These results demonstrate the forearm blood glucose test is not only accurate but also clinically valid. Therefore, the forearm blood glucose test can be a useful way of self managing the chronic diabetes with minimized sampling pain.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2008

An intact male, 3-year old, Sapsari, weighing 29 kg with a history of respiratory distress, anorexia, abdominal distension, and depression for 1 day was referred. Radiographic findings included a C-shaped soft tissue mass in the mid-abdominal cavity and loss of serosal detail. Ultrasonographs showed splenomegaly with hypoechoic coarse parenchyma, loss of venous flow in the dilated splenic veins, and thrombi. Based on image findings, acute isolated splenic torsion was diagnosed. Splenectomy and prophylactic gastropexy was performed. Another case was a spayed female, 8-year old, Shih-tzu, weighing 3.7 kg with a history of intermittent abdominal pain and a palpable abdominal mass for 1 year. Radiographic findings showed splenomegaly characterized by a soft tissue round mass. Ultrasonographs revealed displaced splenic hilum and absence of venous flow in the dilated splenic vein. Chronic isolated splenic torsion was diagnosed and also splenectomy and gastropexy was performed. Two dogs were recovered normally after surgery without any complications. Acute form of isolated splenic torsion showed acute systemic clinical signs, severe C-shaped splenomegaly on radiographs, and loss of all of splenic venous flow, perivenous hyperechoic triangle sign, and thrombi on ultrasonographs. Chronic form of isolated splenic torsion showed chronic obscure clinical signs, moderate splenomegaly on radiographs, and partial loss of splenic venous flow on ultrasonographs.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2020

Angioleiomyoma is an infrequent benign smooth muscle tumor that arises from smooth muscle cells of arterial or venous walls in the tunica media layer. It would be found in the dermis, the subcutaneous tissue, or the superficial fascia of the anywhere in the body and is most often seen in the lower extremities. The typical lesion is a small, slowly growing, round, but firm and mobile nodule. We report a case of angioleiomyoma located on the anterior aspect of the elbow, which was mistaken for extradigital glomus tumor after history taking, physical examination. With point tenderness and worsening sharp pain in cold exposure for several years, the patient was referred for a further evaluation, and the lesion was 5 mm sized well-circumscribed mass in the anterior elbow with vascular signals on color and power Doppler by ultrasonography and finally diagnosed as angioleiomyoma following complete excision and histological evaluation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2018

Background: Venipuncture pain is an uncomfortable suffering to the patient. It creates anxiety, fear and dissatisfaction. The ketoprofen transdermal patch is a proven treatment for musculoskeletal and arthritic pain. We planned this study to evaluate the efficacy of the ketoprofen patch to reduce venipuncture pain. Methods: Two hundred adult patients, aged 18-60 years, of either sex, ASA grade I or II, were enrolled. Presuming that therapy would decrease venipuncture pain by 30%, a power calculation with ${\alpha}=0.05$ and ${\beta}=0.80$ required enrollment of at least 24 patients into each group. However, 100 patients in each group were recruited. Group I (Control) received a placebo patch; Group II (Ketoprofen) received a 20 mg ketoprofen patch. A selected vein on the dorsum of the patient's non-dominant hand was cannulated with 18 g intravenous cannula 1 h after the application of the respective patch. Assessment of pain was done by a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0-10, where 0 depicts "no pain" and 10 is "the worst imaginable pain". The venipuncture site was assessed for the presence of skin erythema, swelling and rashes at 12 h, 24 h and at the time of decannulation. Results: Incidence of pain was 100% (94/94) in the control group as compared to 93% (85/91) in the ketoprofen group. The severity of the venipuncture pain was 6 (2) and 2 (2) for control and ketoprofen groups respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Application of a ketoprofen patch at the proposed site of venipuncture one hour before the attempt is effective and safe for attenuating venipuncture pain.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate expert opinions on the questions contained in a questionnaire for diagnosing blood stasis accompanying metabolic disorders. Methods : Two rounds of Delphi survey were conducted online targeting on one hundred Korean medicine doctors. Respondents rated the appropriateness of the 30 questions in diagnosing metabolic disorder on a five-point scale, anchored at '5 = very appropriate', '4 = appropriate', '3 = somewhat appropriate', '2 = inappropriate', and '1 = very inappropriate'. Results : The mean score on 30 questions of first and second Delphi survey was 3.26 points and 3.31 points, respectively. The ranking of the top 10 questions that were rated as appropriate for diagnosing blood stasis accompanying metabolic disorder were 'sublingual varices', 'reddish black tongue', 'reddish black gum', 'reddish black lips', ''dark purple palatal mucosa and venous edema', 'night pain, 'ecchymosis of the tongue', 'piercing pain', 'ecchymosis of the skin' and 'prolonged numbness'. Conclusions : The experts agreed that three of the most typical symptoms of blood stasis and the conditions of capillary vessels in the tongue or the oral cavity were highly associated with metabolic disorder, whereas the questions related to abdominal pain lacked an association with metabolic disorders.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 1995

The arteriovenous malformation, an uncommon lesion, is a direct communication between an artery and a vein that bypasses the intervening capillary bed. The authors experienced two cases of arteriovenous malformation in 17-year-old and 18-year-old female patients who had suffered from mandibular pain and gingival bleeding. As a result of careful analysis of clinical and angiographic radiological examinations, we diagnosed them as arteriovenous malformations, and the results were as follows : 1. Main clinical symptoms were dull pain and gingival bleeding on the mandibular body area, and reddness, pain on palpation, thrill and palpitation in the lesional sites were also observed. 2. Radiographically, well-defined radiolucent lesions with multiple osteolytic defects were observed. In radio-nuclide scan, increased uptakes of radioisotope were observed in the lesional sites. 3. Increased venous shunt supplied by the facial, lingual and inferior alveolar arteries was observed in angiography. After embolotherapy was performed, no recurrence was reported during 3 to 6 months follow up.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.588-592
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• 2018

Harvesting grafts from the anterior iliac bone has been associated with various complications. A 50-year-old woman presented to our department with a chief complaint of right inguinal swelling and pain. Autologous bone grafts had been harvested on two previous occasions from the right anterior iliac crest for use in the reconstruction of multiple facial fractures. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a full-thickness bone defect in the right anterior iliac crest. A mass was noted in the right gluteus minimus, while a multilocular cystic mass extended from the right iliac crest defect to the right inguinal region. Both the inguinal mass and gluteal mass were removed under general anesthesia. Following histopathological analysis, the gluteal mass was diagnosed as a venous malformation (VM). Based on the patient's clinical course, iliac bone graft harvesting and trauma to the gluteal region triggered hemorrhaging from the VM. Blood components leaked out from the fragile portion of the iliac bone defect, forming a cystic lesion that developed into the inguinal mass. In this case, a coincidental VM resulted in a rare complication of iliac bone graft harvesting. These sequelae could have been avoided by planning for more appropriate ways to collect the grafts.