• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2008

Purpose: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecologic complaints of young women. This study investigated the changes in the menstrual cycle during test evaluations according to perfectionism and testing anxiety among high school girls in order to provide information for care of dysmenorrhea. Method: Data collection was done from July 14 to 18, 2008 by self administered questionnaires with 300 high school girls. Result: The subjects experienced amenorrhea(35.3%), changes in the menstrual cycle(66.3%), changes in menstrual duration(50.0%), changes in amount of menstruation(47.7%), and increases in menstrual pain during testing evaluations. There were significant differences in changes of menstrual patterns, physical symptoms, and menstrual pain during test evaluations between a high perfectionist group and low perfectionist group. Also, there were significant differences in changes of menstrual patterns, physical symptoms, and menstrual pain during test evaluations between a high testing anxiety group and low testing anxiety group. Perfectionism and testing anxiety showed a positive relationship with changes in menstrual patterns, physical symptoms, and menstrual pain. Conclusion: As perfectionism and testing anxiety seem to contribute to changes in the menstrual cycle during test evaluations, school health-care providers should screen routinely for dysmenorrhea and give more attention to health education on this topic to girls.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2003

The survey was conducted to look out the characteristics of menstruation and it's management, menstrual attitudes and degree of dysmenorrhea in the adult women. The subjects were 601 women, aged 20 year old and over, selected by convenient sampling. The results were as follows; 1. The mean age of the subjects was 29.1 years, the subjects were consisted of 346 unmarried and 304 delivery experienced person. 2. The characteristics of menstruation were as follows ; irregular 167 person(27.8%), painful 451 person(75%), mean score of pain was 5.9 point and first day was most severe(45.1%). On the while, they have used the method to manage the pain such as "endure 50.8%", "to have a medicine 31.5%". 3. Menstrual attitudes were as follows; attitudes was negative such as it was meaningful as a woman (78.9%), only for birth a baby (51.6%), and menstruation was acceptable (42.9%), hope to get away(28.8%). 4. The degree of dysmenorrhea was a significant difference by age(F=4.0, P<0.01). Especially, in the subcategory, it was significant except for water retension. That is, lower concent ration(F=2.60, p<0.05), negative affect(F=3.09, p<0.05), behavior change(F=6.41, p<0.050), pain(F=3.89, p<0.01), autonomic nerve response(F=2.80, p<0.05). We can conclude there were many women to have negative attitudes to menstruation and first day was most severe dysmenorrhea and it was different by age. From this results, we may suggest as follows; 1. We suggest the program for women to have a positive attitudes will be developed. 2. We can suggest that we need to develop the active and effective method to control dysmenorrhea in the first day during menstruation.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2018

본 연구는 여성근로자의 월경시 불편감의 양상과 대처방법 및 그에 따른 완화정도를 파악하자 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 S시에 위치한 3개 종합병원에 근무하는 여성으로 본 연구의 목적에 동의한 394명이다. 2010년 4월 20일부터 4월 30일까지 자료수집을 하였으며 SAS 9.2를 사용하여 기술통계, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 월경시 불편감은 연령, 결혼유무, 임신경험, 출산경험과 유의한 차이를 보였고 근로특성은 차이가 없었다. 월경시 불편감의 정도는 최대 5점 중 평균 $2.46{\pm}0.68$으로 보통 수준이었으며, 양상은 통증, 수분 축적, 행동변화 순이었다. 대처방법에 따른 완화정도는 행동적 대처가 $3.55{\pm}0.58$로 가장 효과적이었고 월경시 불편감과 대처행동 간에는 회피적 대처에서만 상관관계가 있어 불편감이 높은 사람일수록 회피적인 대처를 하고 있었다(r=.178, p=.001). 이상의 결과를 통해 여성근로자의 월경시 불편감을 완화하기 위하여 회피적 대처방법보다는 스스로 극복하도록 바람직한 대처방법을 모색해야하며 앞으로 월경시 불편감을 해소할 수 있는 교육프로그램 개발을 제언한다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to review dysmenorrhea and its relief methods in nursing students by using base data for reducing dysmenorrhea. Method: The subjects were 92 students, data were collected by questionnaire surveys using convenience sampling and analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: Medium amount of menstruation was most frequently answered and massage on painful sites was the most frequently used relief method(p<0.05). Frequency of medication was once a day during menstrual period, and methods that the most wanted to use when pain got severe was alternative methods(aroma, massage, and acupuncture)(p<0.05). Amount of menstruation showed a negative correlation with the duration(r=-0.32), dysmenorrhea was correlated with the severest days of dysmenorrhea(r=0.24) and the frequency of medication(r=-0.23). Conclusion: These results suggested that dysmenorrhea was correlated with the severest days of dysmenorrhea and the frequency of medication, but other variables showed no relations with menstrual characteristics.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of foot reflexology on premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in female college students. The research design of this study was a quasi-experimental design. Of the forty female college students, twenty were assigned to the experimental group and, twenty to the control group. The data were obtained over 2 months(November 26, 2001 to January 31, 2002) from a nursing of C college located in S city. The instrument used to assess premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea was Keele's VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and opening records. Subjects in the experimental group received foot reflexology for 6 times with 1 hours during 60 days, and subjects assigned to the control group did not receive foot reflexology. Data were analysed with percentage, mean, standard deviation, $x^2$-test, unpaired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA, using SAS Program. The results of the study are as follow, 1.The symptoms which the group of experimental and the group of control discomforts the most are sensitiveness(35%), abdominal pain (30%),lower abdominal pain (30%) and lumbago (20%). The method of relieve premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea by which the subjects employ the most to solve their premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea is the getting along by enduring(67.5%) and bed rest (32.5%). 2.The mean score of the premenstrual syndromes and dysmenorrhea before foot reflexology was 8.35, it was 4.16 at the first menstruation after foot reflexology and 3.25 at the second menstruation for the experimental group. 3.The relieved symptoms after foot reflexology was fatigue(50%), insomnia(40%), abdominal pain(35%), lower abdominal pain (30%) and constipation(30%). Foot reflexology was effective in improve the symptoms of the female college students who have the premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2015

Purpose: Abdominal breathing exercises are recommended to activate the breathing muscles and the pelvic floor muscles, as well as to increase postural alignment during exhalation. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of improving abdominal muscle strength on menstrual pain in women in their twenties using abdominal breathing exercises. Method: In this study, 32 female university students were included as the subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the area of menstrual pain: lumbar pain (n=16) and lower abdomen pain (n=16). The abdominal breathing positions were divided into two positions, which included a hook lying position and hip and knee flexions at $90^{\circ}$ in the supine position. Exercises were used to strengthen the abdominal muscles during exhalation. Four sets of the exercises were completed three times a week over the course of eight weeks. The degree of pain was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Muscle thickness was measured using an ultrasound. Result: The thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) increased in the lower abdomen pain group. However, thickness of the external oblique (EO) did not increased following abdominal breathing. No significant difference in posture was identified in the lower abdomen group. TrA thickness increased significantly in the lumbar pain group. However, thickness did not increase significantly in the lumbar pain group. In addition, the lumbar pain group experienced no significant effects on posture. IO thickness increased following hip and knee flexions at $90^{\circ}$ in the lumbar pain group. Menstrual pain decreased following intervention in both groups. There was no significant difference in the degree of pain reduction between both groups. Conclusion: As examples of alternative medicine, abdominal breathing exercises may be effective in decreasing menstrual pain.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.384-388
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• 1991

Parenchymal pulmonary endometriosis is the likely cause in patients with hemoptysis, dyspnea, or chest pain during menstruation. Embolization of endometrial tissue from the uterus to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries has been proposed for the mechanism of the development of parenchymal pulmonary endometriosis. This is a report of a woman with catamenial hemoptysis which was responded successfully to danazol therapy; however, hemoptysis resumed after cessation of therapy. The patient was subsequently treated with danazol again because she refused surgical treatments.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.756-764
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aromatherapy on dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain, anxiety, and depression in female college students. Methods: A two-group cross-over design was used. The sample included a total of 20 female students who were enrolled in a 3 year nursing program. The treatments(aroma essential oil inhalation and the placebo inhalation) were given using a necklace. The data were analyzed by $x^2$-test, paired t-test, and Mann-Whitney test using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: The level of dysmenorrhea after the aroma treatment was not significantly different from the dysmenorrhea levels at pre-test and after the post-placebo treatment. The menstrual pain, anxiety and depression significantly improved after the aroma treatment. However, the levels of pain, anxiety, and depression after the aroma treatment were not significantly different from those after the placebo treatment. Conclusion: Aroma inhalation may be a effective in managing menstrual pain, anxiety, and depression. In order to further clarify the effect of aroma treatment on discomfort during menstruation, replication studies are necessary. Future studies need to examine the effects of different types of essential oils, administrating methods, and the lasting time of aroma treatment effect.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.128-141
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the pain relief effect of lower abdomen warmer on primary dysmenorrhea patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and whether the using of warmer can supplement or replace the drugs. Methods: 30 women with primary dysmenorrhea were assigned to treatment group (n=15) and control group (n=15). At 1st visit, the treatment group was provided with a wirless multiuse warmer and trained to use at least three times per menstrual cycle. The control group was not provided with the warmer, and both groups were provided with a menstrual diary and instructed to record their pain intensity and dose of analgesic every menstrual period. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess the intensity of overall pain and the most severe pain during the menstrual period. And the total number of analgesic taken during menstruation and the average number of analgesic taken during a single dose were measured. Results: There was significant pain relief in the treatment group compared to before baseline, and there was a significant difference from the control group. In addition, there was no significant difference in the frequency of taking analgesic during the menstrual period between the treatment group and the control group, but the dose of analgesic was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusions: This clinical trial showed that lower abdomen warmer would helpful in relieving primary dysmenorrhea and could help reduce the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

• 셀메드
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.10.1-10.8
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• 2014

Affecting more than half of menstruating women, dysmenorrhea is a cramp which causes abdominal or lower back pain just before or during a menstruation. In western medicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are normally used to treat primary dysmenorrheal symptoms. Despite their rapidity in relieving pain, NSAIDs have many serious side effects on the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Thai traditional medicines comprise many preparations for treating dysmenorrhea, especially Prasaplai preparation which has been listed in the Thai traditional common household drug list since 2006. The use of Prasaplai was originated about 100 years ago and is still being used in the present time to treat dysmenorrhea. This review focuses on the history of the preparation, active ingredients, and biological activities especially on cyclooxygenase inhibitor, artifacts occurred in the preparation, quantitative analysis, and clinical trial of Prasaplai formulation.