• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.571-579
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this research is to provide exercise programs for the prevention of work related chronic back pain. Background: In order to prevent musculoskeletal disease, including proper medical care health promotion programs are needed. Method: This is a research of musculoskeletal disease looking at 618 workers working at a car engine manufacturing factory from April to July of 2008. Through questionnaire specific areas of musculoskeletal diseases experienced by the workers were identified and preventative exercise program for chronic low back pain was recommended. Result: Research showed that of the musculoskeletal disease experienced by the workers, 197 presented with low back pain, 171 presented with shoulder pain, 64 presented with neck pain and 44 presented with knee pain. The symptoms of low back pain included stiffness(143), twinge and burning sensation(24) and absence of sensation(19). Using this result 4 types of exercise programs were recommended for prevention of chronic low back pain. Conclusion: Preventative exercise programs recommended for the workers in this research is easily accessible for the workers. Use of the suggested exercise programs will inevitably decrease work related low back pain. Also 2 other recommendations were made: 1) Internal structural change may be necessary using ergonomics. 2) More exercise programs to be used to increase adaptation and tolerance of joints and muscles that are constantly used for repetitive work. Application: This study can be used to provide for the prevention of work-related Chronic Low Back pain.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.288-298
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• 2024

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic protein that has crucial roles in survival, growth and differentiation. It is expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. NGF exerts its effects via two types of receptors including the high affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase A and the low affinity receptor p75 neurotrophin receptor highlighting the complex signaling pathways that underlie the roles of NGF. In pain perception and transmission, multiple studies shed light on the effects of NGF on different types of pain including inflammatory, neuropathic, cancer and visceral pain. Also, the binding of NGF to its receptors increases the availability of many nociceptive receptors such as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, and P2X purinoceptor 3 as well as nociceptive transmitters such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. The role of NGF in pain has been documented in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review aims to shed light on the role of NGF and its signaling in different types of pain.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.403-418
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to measure effects of the following items to pain and pain behavior reaction in patients with chronic orofacial pain. Items that contribute to the first factor(Environmental Influences) measure environmental sources of information that may affect illness behavior; Second factro(Loss of Control) measure appraisals and attributions perceived to influence personal views aobut pain; Third factor(Health Care Avoidance) measures a variety of avoidant behaviors; Fouth factor(Past and Current Experiences) measures experiences with treatment); Fifth factor(Physiological Responsivity) measures physiological parameters that are experienced in association with pain; Sixth factor(Thoughts of Disease Progression) measures thoughts regarding the etiology and progression of disease in relation to pain. 150 patients that were consist of 40 male and 110 female were participated in this study. The obtained results of this study were as follows : 1. Environmental influences and loss of control scales were recorded high score in patients with chronic orofacial pain 2. "Physician's descriptions of what your pain will be like" and "Physician's facial expression when they ask about your pain" items from the environmental influences were recorded high score. These results indicated that responsibility of doctro is very important to the pain reaction behavior of patients. Also, items from thoughts regarding the etiology and progression of disease in relation to pain influenced to the pain reaction. 3. There were significant defferences on the "nurses' descriptions of what you pain will be like", "physician's and nurses' facial expression when they ask about your pain", "TV and radio", and "Literature" items from the environmental influences between male and female patients. 4. There were no significant differences on the each scale between arthrogenous and combitnation group and significant correlated with all 6 scales.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.309-319
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• 2007

Chest pain is classified into two major categories of cardiac chest pain and non-cardiac chest pain. Cardiac chest pain is caused by cardiovascular disease, for example, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, valvular heart disease, cardiac enlargement or hypertrophy, dissecting aortic aneurysm, pericarditis, myocarditis, etc. When the chest pain is not attributed to heart disease, it is termed non-cardiac chest pain. Non-cardiac chest pain is caused by pulmonary, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal disease, psychiatric factor, etc. In tills case, we treated a 54-year old female patient who was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy and suspicious sick sinus syndrome. She complained of chest pain, exertional dyspnea, dizziness and headache. For treatment, we made use of Yugultangami(六鬱湯加味) and Daejobwan(大造丸). Before and after treatment, we measured Heart rate variability(HRV). In result, the clinical symptoms were improved and there was a significant increase in assessmeut by Heart rate variability(HRV). Tills result suggests that Yugultaugami aud Daejowhan have a good effect on cardiac chest pain.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.560-572
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• 2000

This study was designed to offer descriptive data for nursing intervention for relief of fatigue and pain, and to distinguish by the characteristic difference and the symptoms such as fatigue and pain on Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Fibromyalgia(FM), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) patients. The sample consisted of 92 patients(AS 29; FM 30; SLE 33) who visited H-University Rheumatism Hospital in Seoul. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire from May 1, 1999 to April 30, 2000. The results were as follows: Patients of 95% experienced fatigue in the last week and a fatigue score of three disease groups were above average. The fatigue score of FM patients was highest in the other disease, but which was not a statistically significant difference(F=1.417, p=.248). The mean score of AS and FM patients in pain was higher than the SLE patients, and there was the statistical significance among the three groups on pain (F=8.239, p=.001). There wasn't a statistical difference among three groups on coping wtih pain(F=1.451, p=.240). There wasn't any correlation between fatigue and pain in each disease (AS: r=.008, p=.966; FM: r=.328, p=.077; SLE: r=.237,p=.185). Therefore, morning stiffness and pain management during sleeping is needed through good body alignment in the AS patients. Adequate rest for fatigue and multiple coping strategies for pain maybe basic nursing intervention in FM and SLE. According to their fatigue rhythm, a regular exercise program is needed for rheumatic disease because they complained of fatigue above average and their fatigue was repeated better and worse only during the one week.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 2020

Objectives: Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome(CP/CPPS) is diagnosed on the basis of symptoms, principally pain or discomfort in the pelvic region. Pathophysiology and treatment of this disease has not been established. CP/CPPS's main symptom appears to be an incurable pain and Collateral disease's(絡病) symptoms also appear as incurable pain in general. The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of Gyejibokryeong-hwan(桂枝茯苓丸) based on removing Stasis and freeing Collateral disease on CP/CPPS in which pain appears largely. Methods: The patient was treated with Gyejibokryeong-hwan. National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) was used to assess treatment effect. Results: NIH-CPSI and Pelvic pain decreased significantly after treatment. Conclusions: Gyejibokryeong-hwan was effective in treating CP/CPPS. Especially, there was a clear effect on Pelvic pain among the symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 2022

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.286-292
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• 1995

Buerger's disease(Thromboangiitis Obliterans) is characterized by peripheral arterial occlusion of the extremities in young smokers, and leading to ischemia of the tissue and gangrene. Most of these patients suffered from severe pain. therapy for Buerger's disease not enable to undergo reconstructive arterial surgery has been discouraging while multiple modes of analgesics have advanced. Eight subjects who had been operated due to Buerger's disease or diagnosed with this disease were evaluated retrospectively. Continuous epidural block was done at L 2~3 or L3~4 intervertebral space and multiday continuous infusor was connected to epidural catheter. The content of the infusor was clonidine-bupivacaine or clonidine-morphine-bupivacaine mixture. The minimum dose of clonidine was 75 ${\mu}g/day$ and the maximum 450 ${\mu}g/day$. The results were as follows: The analgesia produced by clonidine was superior to any other analgesics. 2) The incidence of the side effects produced by clonidine-bupivacaine mixture were less than that of clonidine-morphine-bupivacaine mixture. 3) Minimum dose of clonidine for the pain relief was required more than 225 ${\mu}g$ per day. From the above results, we recommend that clonidine is an effective agent to provide pain relief for the patients with Buerger's disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2005

Background: Recently, the number of patients visiting pain clinics has been increasing with the augmented concerns of those patients about the management of their pain. We conducted this study in order to elucidate the characteristics of patients visiting pain clinics and to determine a method to further raise their awareness about pain treatment. Methods: We reviewed 1,424 new patients who visited our pain clinic from March 2003 to December 2004. We analyzed these patients according to their age and sex, treatment method before visiting the pain clinic, coexisting disease, chief complaint and pain location, resident district, route of visiting pain clinic, and degree of impairment due to pain by use of questionnaire. Results: In age distribution, the largest proportion (23.5%) was in their 50's. Most patients (64.0%) had received treatment in an oriental medicine clinic before visiting the pain clinic. The most common coexisting disease was hypertension (20.3%) and low back pain was the most common chief complaint (68.3%). Most of the patients lived in Gyeonggido (87%) and most visited our pain clinic on the recommendation of other patients who had visited our pain clinic before. Conclusions: We need to guide pain patients to undergo proper treatment much earlier using patient education or a referral system. Moreover, we should be more careful in patients with diabetes mellitus, and should have greater concern in the treatment of low back pain.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was carried out to evaluate correlation between Bone Mineral Density(BMD) and degenerative lumbar disease in postmenopausal low back pain patients. Methods : 69 postmenopausal patients with low back pain were examined. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate degenerative lumbar disease and bone mineral density of lumbar spine was measured by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data were analyzed by Pearson's Linear Correlation Coefficient. Results : In postmenopausal patients with low back pain, BMD(T-score, Z-score) had negative correlation with the grade of intervertebral disc herniation and positive correlation with weight. Other lumbar diseases including Spinal stenosis, Spondylolisthesis and Facet joint arthrosis didn't have significant correlation with BMD. Conclusion : In postmenopausal patients with low back pain, BMD(T-score, Z-score) had inverse relationship with the grade of intervertebral disc herniation.