• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.217-226
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• 2009

1. Objective To investigate characteristics of menstrual patterns according to Sasang Constitutional disease, and to utilize for diagnosis and treatment of Sasang Constitutional disease. 2. Method The recruited subjects were 430 women who convinced their Sasang Constitution by taking herbal medicine and improving of chief complaint. The items of data contain age at menarche, age at menopause, menstrual cycle, menstrual duration, cyclic regularity of menstruation, severity of menstrual pain, the worst day of menstrual pain, type of menstrual pain, amount of menstruation. 3. Results 1) Severity of menstrual pain, the worst day of menstrual pain, menstrual pain accompanied with nausea were significant among Sasang Constitutional diseases. 2) In Bae-chu-pyo-byeong disease (背椎表病證), Wi-wan-han disease (胃院寒證), So-eum disease (少陰證) and Tae-eum disease (太陰證), menstrual pain was severer than other diseases. 3) In Hae-yeok disease and So-yang-sang-pung disease (少陽傷風證), the worst day of menstrual pain was a day before menstruation. In Hyung-gyeok-yeol disease (胸膈熱證), Tae-eum disease (太陰證), So-eum disease (少陰證), the frequency of a day after menstruation in the worst day of menstrual pain was higher than other diseases. In Wi-wan-han disease (胃院寒證), Mang-yang disease (亡陽證), the frequency of two day after menstruation in the worst day of menstrual pain was higher than other diseases. 4) In So-yang-sang-pung disease (少陽傷風證), Mang-eum disease (亡陰證), Eum-heo-o-yeol diasese (陰虛午熱證), Ul-gwang disease (鬱狂證), Tae-eum disease (太陰證), So-eum disease (少陰證), the frequency of menstrual pain accompanied with nausea were higher than other diseases. 4. Conclusion Menstrual patterns, especially menstrual pain is different among Sasang Constitutional diseases. Assessing menstrual pain can be used for diagnosing Sasang Constitutional diseases, deciding treatment course, determinating prognosis.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose was to identify quality of chest pain according to causal diseases and pain expression of patients with coronary artery diseases. Method: Participants were 1,964 patients with pain who visited the emergency department of A hospital from January to December 2006. Data were collected from nurses' and doctors' records as to causal disease, and quality and expression of chest pain. Results: Causal diseases were coronary artery diseases, non-specific chest pain, respiratory diseases, non-coronary artery heart diseases and digestive diseases in that order of frequency. Every disease except respiratory disease caused mostly dull and tract pain, but 63.7% of patients with coronary artery diseases complained of typical angina pain and 24.9% complained of atypical angina pain. Patients with coronary artery diseases mostly used word 'heaviness' in describing their dull pain, and 'squeezing' for tract pain. Both male and female patients who were diagnosed with coronary artery disease complained mostly frequently of dull pain and tract pain. Conclusion: The most common causal disease for patients with chest pain was coronary artery disease. Patients with other diseases also frequently complained of dull and tract pain, the same as patients with coronary artery diseases. A considerable number of patients complained various types of atypical angina pain in coronary artery diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.207-210
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• 2010

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal disease caused by deficiency of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, in which early diagnosis may be missed due to the wide variety of clinical symptoms presenting during disease progression. A 13 year-old boy visited our pain clinic complaining of pricking and burning pain in the toe tips of both feet. Continuous epidural infusion for pain management was performed because of oral analgesics ineffectiveness. The patient underwent ${\alpha}$-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme analysis based on the clinical impression of Fabry disease from pain with a peripheral neuropathic component and history of anhidrosis. He was diagnosed with Fabry disease after confirming mutation of the GLA gene through a screening test of GLA activity. Enzyme replacement therapy was initiated and pain was tolerated with oral analgesics.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.114-119
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• 1996

Buerger's disease is a nonatherosclerogic occlusive inflammatory disease of medium and small arteries, and veins, of unknown cause. It occurs predominantly in young males who are habitual tabacco users. These patients often complain of painful ulcerations of their digits. The care of this disease is very difficult when the treatment is delayed. Consequently, early treatments are most important to patients with Buerger's disease. This disease can be treated with sympathetic block such as stellate ganglion block for upper extremities and lumbar epidural block, and lumbar sympathetic block for lower extremities. Intravascular regional sympathetic block can be another method of treatment. However, discontinuation of smoking is the most basic and essential treatment for Buerger's disease. We treated 43 Buerger's disease patients with stellate ganglion block and laser therapy. The treatment was not effective for three patients who definitely required amputation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the second most common disorder after Alzheimer's disease. PD includes both "motor" and "non-motor" symptoms, one of which is pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of pain in patients with PD. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 patients diagnosed with PD, 70% of which had mild to moderate PD (stages 2/3 of Hoehn and Yahr scale). The average age was 67.4 years, and the average duration since PD diagnosis was 7.1 years. Relevant data collected from PD patients were obtained from their personal medical history. Results: The prevalence of pain was found to be high (82%), with most patients (79.2%) relating their pain to PD. Disease duration was correlated with the frequency of intense pain (R: 0.393; P < 0.05). PD pain is most frequently perceived as an electrical current (64%), and two pain varieties were most prevalent (2.60 ± 0.63). Our findings confirm links between pain, its evolution over time, its multi-modal character, the wide variety of symptoms of PD, and the female sex. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the pain felt by PD patients is mainly felt as an electrical current, which contrasts with other studies where the pain is described as burning and itching. Our classification is innovative because it is based on anatomy, whereas those of other authors were based on syndromes.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.25-27
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• 2017

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease which affects whole gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. Crohn's disease may present both oral manifestation and gastrointestinal symptom-abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia, fever, and growth failure. The prevalence rate of oral manifestation is approximately between 0.5% and 20%. The oral lesion could be the first sign of Crohn's disease. We present a case of Crohn's disease in a patient who did not show typical oral manifestations but had nonspecific aphthous like ulceration and burning sensation for many years. Through this case, we suggest approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of the oral lesion of Crohn's disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.271-275
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• 2001

Buerger's disease is a nonatherosclerotic occlusive inflammatory disease of the small and medium arteries, and veins of the distal leg or arm. Percutaneous lumbar sympathectomy is used to lower extremity occlusive vascular disease as well as Buerger's disease. Lumbar sympathectomy improves blood flow and provides pain relief in the lower extremity. We report two cases of lumbar sympathectomy using radiofrequency thermocoagulation in patients with Buerger's disease. After no paresthesia and muscle contracture at 50 Hz, 1 volt and 2 Hz, 3 volts, respectively, radiofrequency lesioning was performed for 90 sec at $80^{\circ}C$. After the procedure, both patients showed skin temperature increases greater than $2^{\circ}C$ on the affected extremity. Both patients received relief from pain and symptoms without complications. We consider that lumbar sympathectomy using radiofrequency thermocoagulation is a safe and effective procedure that can relieve pain in patients with Buerger's disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.104-106
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• 2009

Behcet's disease is a chronic relapsing vasculitis characterized by recurrent aphthous oral and genital ulcers with uveitis. Multiple organs can be involved. Entero-Behcet's disease is often uncontrollable, relapsing, and can cause acute intestinal bleeding, fistula formation, or perforation. Corticosteroids, immunosuppressors, and colchicines are used to treat Entero-Behcet's disease with varying degree of success. Thalidomide may also be feasible. We present a 29-year-old male Entero-Behcet's patient suffering from abdominal pain, diarrhea, and back pain. He did not respond to prior treatments, but responded to thalidomide.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.277-287
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• 2004

I have come to next conclusions in consequence of documentary study about medical books of many generations regarding venesection therapy. 1. Venesection therapy is much used for five sensory organ disease. Besides that internal disease, pain paralysis disease of muscle and joints, sugical disease, disease of woman and children, fever sunstroke CVA emergency case follow that in the order of frequency of use. 2. It is used for swollen tongue, eye pain, pharyngitis, swelling and pain in the throat, bleeding from the eye ear nose mouth or subcutaneous tissue, tonsillitis, aphthae and so on in the five sensory organ disease. Focus, sosang, jinjin yuye, taiyang, baihui are used for five sensory organ disease in the order of frequency of use. 3. It is used for malaria, headache, precordial pain, head-wind, abdominal colic, diseases characterized by acute diarrhea and vomiting, and so on in the Internal disease. Superficial venules and lymph vessesls, taiyang, quze are used for Internal disease in the order of frequency of use. 4. It is used for low back pain, hypochondriac pain, numbness, knee pain, tinea pedis, red swelling pain of hand and arm, flaccidity-syndrome, and so on in the pain paralysis disease of muscle and joints. Weizhong, superficial venules and lymph vessesls, Ashi point, zhigou are used for pain paralysis disease of muscle and joints in the order of frequency of use. 5. It is used for furuncle, tinea capitis, and so on in the sugical disease. Focus, weizhong are used for sugical disease in the order of frequency of use. 6. It is used for inflammatory disease with redness of skin, and so on in the disease of woman and children. Focus, weizhong, yanglingquan, yaoshu, sanyinjiao are used for disease of woman and children in the order of frequency of use. 7. It is used for fever, CVA, sunstroke, cadaverous coma, common cold, and so on in the fever sunstroke CVA emergency case. Sosang, weizhong, chize are used for fever sunstroke CVA emergency case in the order of frequency of use. 8. The urinary bladder channel of foot-taiyang is most used. Next there are the du channel, the stomach channel of foot-yangming, the lung channel of hand-taiyin, the gall baldder channel of foot-shaoyang, the triple-warmer channel of hand-shaoyang, the large intestine channel of hand-yangming, the spleen channel of foot-taiyin, the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin the pericardium channel of hand-jueyin the liver channel of foot-jueyin, the ren channel, the heart channel of hand-shaoyin, the small intestine channel of hand-taiyang in the order of frequency in use. 9. Superficial venules and lymph vessesls, focus, five shu points, extra-point, back point are used in the venesection therapy, those are characteristic of locating an acupuncture point.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.231-234
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• 2011

Kummell's disease is a spinal disorder characterized by delayed post-traumatic collapse of a vertebral body with avascular necrosis. Although definitive treatment for Kummell's disease has not been established, it has been reported that percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty has shown good results. However, these procedures are not recommended for severely collapsed vertebral bodies because of the risk of cement leakage or technical difficulties. Authors report a rare case of spontaneous reduction in vertebral height by the insertion of a working cannula into the vertebral body in Kummell's disease.