• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2019

Background: Limitations in hip flexion caused by tight hamstrings lead to excessive lumbar flexion and low back pain. Accordingly, many studies have examined how to stretch the hamstring muscle. However, no study has focused on the effect of hamstring eccentric exercise for tight hamstrings on trunk forward bending. Objects: We compared the short-term effect of hamstring eccentric exercise (HEE) and hamstring static stretching (HSS) on trunk forward bending in individuals with tight hamstrings. Methods: Thirty individuals with tight hamstrings participated in the study. The subjects were randomly allocated to either a HEE or HSS group. To determine whether the hamstrings were tight, the active knee extension (AKE) test was performed, and the degree of hip flexion was measured. To assess trunk forward bending, subjects performed the fingertip to floor (FTF) and modified modified Schober tests, and the degree of trunk forward bending was measured using an inclinometer. We used paired t-tests to compare the values before and after exercise in each group and independent t-tests to compare the two groups on various measures Results: The FTF test results were improved significantly after the exercise in both groups, and AKE for both legs increased significantly in both groups. There was no significant difference in the hip angles, mmS test results, or degree of trunk forward bending between groups after the exercise. No test results differed significantly between the two groups at baseline or after the exercise. Both groups increased hamstring flexibility and trunk forward bending. Conclusion: HSS and the HEE groups increased hamstring flexibility and trunk forward bending. However, HEE has additional benefits, such as injury prevention and muscle strengthening.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the changes in the eating habits and lifestyle of middle-aged women in Gwangju during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 428 middle-aged women aged between 40 and 60 participated in a survey relating to general information, food and lifestyle, health functional food, and menopausal symptoms. The correlation between the variables was analyzed. Results: In the positive habits, the intake of nutritional supplements for immunity enhancement increased the most, followed by the use of media to learn healthy eating tips, and diets including healthy food. Negative habits increased in the order of frequency of taking delivery orders, levels of stress or anxiety, and time spent sitting or watching movies. In the case of recommended foods, the intake increased the most in the order of eggs, fruits, vegetables, milk/dairy products, and seaweed. Non-recommended foods increased in the order of meat, bread, rice, and noodles. The awareness of health functional foods was in the increasing order of interest, knowledge, consumption experience, and purchase amount. The type of health functional food intake was in the increasing order of probiotics, multivitamin and mineral supplements, vitamin C, collagen, and omega-3. Menopausal symptoms were in the increasing order of bone and joint pain, poor sleep quality, emotional ups and downs, loneliness, and feeling of emptiness. In the correlation of major variables, positive habits showed a significant positive correlation with recommended food intake and the recognition of health functional foods. Negative habits showed a significant positive correlation with non-recommended food intake and a significant positive correlation with menopausal symptoms. Recommended food intake showed a significant positive correlation with health functional food recognition and intake and menopausal symptoms. Conclusions: This study suggests that it is necessary to establish social measures to reduce the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on middle-aged women and to ensure effective self-management through a healthy lifestyle since the pandemic has a long-term impact.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2021

Purpose: Reduced port laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (RPLDG) using 3 ports is less invasive than conventional laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (CLDG) using 5 ports. Although RPLDG performed by expert surgeons is safe and feasible, novice surgeons have difficulty performing this procedure. This study evaluated the surgical outcomes and feasibility of RPLDG performed by a novice surgeon. Materials and Methods: The records of 136 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer performed by a single novice surgeon between May 2016 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Among these 136 patients, 52 underwent RPLDG and 84 underwent CLDG. The clinicopathological characteristics, operative outcomes, and short-term postoperative outcomes of the 2 groups were compared. Results: The percentage of women was significantly higher in the RPLDG group than in the CLDG group (48.1% vs. 31%; P=0.045), but other baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. Billroth II anastomosis was performed significantly more frequent (90.4% vs. 73.8%, P=0.015) and operation time was significantly shorter (207.1±43.3 min vs. 225.5±44.6 min, P=0.020) in the RPLDG group than in the CLDG group. The time to first flatus, postoperative pain score, length of postoperative hospital stay, and incidence and severity of complications did not differ significantly between the groups. Analysis of the learning curve based on the operation time showed that performing RPLDG on 20-30 patients was required to achieve technical proficiency. Conclusions: RPLDG is a safe and feasible surgical procedure for the treatment of gastric cancer, even when performed by a novice surgeon.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2021

Patients with Pressure injuries (PIs) may have pain and discomfort, which results in poorer patient outcomes and additional cost for treatment. This study was a part of larger research project that aimed at prediction modeling using a big data. The purpose of this study were to describe the characteristics of patients with PI in critical care; and to explore comorbidity and diagnostic and interventive procedures that have been done for patients in critical care. This is a secondary data analysis. Data were retrieved from a large clinical database, MIMIC-III Clinical database. The number of unique patients with PI was 2,286 in total. Approximately 60% were male and 68.4% were White. Among the patients, 9.9% were dead. In term of discharge disposition, 56.2% (33.9% Home, 22.3% Home Health Care) where as 32.3% were transferred to another institutions. The rest of them were hospice (0.8%), left against medical advice (0.7%), and others (0.2%). The top three most frequently co-existing kinds of diseases were Hypertension, not otherwise specified (NOS), congestive heart failure NOS, and Acute kidney failure NOS. The number of patients with PI who have one or more procedures was 2,169 (94.9%). The number of unique procedures was 981. The top three most frequent procedures were 'Venous catheterization, not elsewhere classified,' and 'Enteral infusion of concentrated nutritional substances.' Patient with a greater number of comorbid conditions were likely to have longer length of ICU stay (r=.452, p<.001). In addition, patient with a greater number of procedures that were performed during the admission were strongly tend to stay longer in hospital (r=.729, p<.001). Therefore, prospective studies focusing on comorbidity; and diagnostic and preventive procedures are needed in the prediction modeling of pressure injury development in ICU patients.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.9-28
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• 2020

비스테로이드 소염제(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs)는 세계적으로 관절염과 같은 만성 통증에 가장 흔히 사용되는 약물이며 성분 및 기전에 따라 다양한 종류가 있다. 장기간 사용 시에는 소화기계 및 심혈관계 합병증 등의 다양한 부작용이 발생할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 기존의 비선택적 NSAID와 유사한 진통 효과를 지니면서 위장관계 내약성을 보완해줄 수 있는 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 선택적 NSAID가 많은 기대를 모았으나 2004년 및 2005년도에 심혈관계 안전성에 대한 우려로 rofecoxib과 valdecoxib의 허가가 취하되면서 NSAID 약물의 부작용에 관한 관심은 더욱 증가하고 있다. 따라서 각 약물의 부작용 및 상호작용을 고려하여 필요한 약물을 최소한으로 사용하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 NSAID 약물을 복용할 때 발생할 수 있는 부작용 및 각 약물의 특성을 숙지하며 비선택적 NSAID 및 COX-2 선택적 NSAID의 사용과 관련된 최근 연구 및 지침에 대해 알아보고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was examined to improve the standing posture of a scoliosis client using the ICF Tool. Methods: For examination, the study subject was a 16-year-old female student diagnosed with 3curve-pelvic (3CP) type scoliosis. Information about her were collected through a client interview and based on international Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The ICF core set was for post-acute musculoskeletal conditions, and the ICF level 2 items suggested by National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC) were added to the recommendations for scoliosis. For evaluation, the ICF assessment sheet was used to identify the interaction among the problems. For the diagnosis, the client's functional problems were described in ICF terms. For the prognosis, the global goals for reaching the client's functional activity and participation level were presented as the long-and short-term goals. For the intervention, a coordinative locomotor training program composed of warm-up, main exercise, and cool-down was applied 3 times a week, 50 minutes a day, for 5 weeks. For the outcome, the differences between before and after the intervention were compared with the ICF qualifier and are shown with the ICF evaluation display. Results: Clinical advantages were observed in body function and structure (7° decrease of thoracic angle, 7 score increase of trunk muscle power, 6.47s improve of one leg standing, 4 score decrease of neck pain). The activity for maintaining the standing posture, in which the client had a primary limitation, was improved. Conclusion: Applying the coordinative locomotor training program is expected to improve scoliosis client's standing posture.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2022

The Korean mobile service market has persistently grown with the number of subscribers and volume of mobile traffic. It shows the slow diffusion of 5G subscribers, and rapid growth of both the MVNO(Mobile Virtual Network Operator) market and unlocked mobile phones. Therefore, this study derives the direction of telcos' strategies and policy implications by empirically analyzing the usage and attitude of LTE and 5G subscribers. Our major findings are as follows: First, our current mobile service subscription market constitutes most long-term customers for their incumbent carriers only by device change from lock-in with bundle services. Mobile tariffs, data speed, and benefits of bundle services are important factors affecting choices and customers' satisfaction with a provider and intentions of churning to another. Second, demand and satisfaction for using 5G are less because speeds and service tariffs act as pain points for 5G services. Third, the users' high preferences for MVNOs and unlocked mobile phones are linked to their subscription to MVNOs' low-cost plans with unlocked mobile phones on online channels. These streams lead to a big change in the market competition that MNO(Mobile Network Operator)s' market shares are expected to decrease and MVNOs' shares will be increased by two times, in the near future. Therefore, MNOs need to change their distribution strategies from offline to online channels and try to resolve the stereotype, "mobile tariffs are expensive," by enhancing their service values. Finally, as consumers prefer one-stop service in the same channel regardless of the distribution channel, policies should focus on the consumers' needs for convenience rather than on the channel separation for perfectly unlocked mobile phones.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2022

Background: Given the complications involved in corticosteroid (CS) injections, subacromial platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections may provide a valid alternative to CS in the treatment of rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 98 patients affected by RC tendinopathy who were treated with either subacromial injection of PRP or CS. The PRP group received three injections of autologous PRP at 2 weeks interval, and the CS group received one injection of CS. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) was the primary outcome measure, while the secondary outcome measures were the visual analog scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM), and need for cuff repair surgery, which were analyzed at intervals of 6, 12, and 18 months. Results: A total of 75 patients were included in the analysis (PRP, n=35; CS, n=40). The mean follow-up for PRP was 21.1±8.7 months and for CS was 33.6±16.3 months (p<0.001). Both groups showed improvement in WORC, VAS, and ROM. No significant differences were detected between the two groups in any of the primary (WORC) or secondary outcomes over 6, 12, and 18 months (all p>0.05). No adverse events were detected. Conclusions: Both treatments improved patient symptoms, but neither resulted in a significantly better outcome in this series of patients. PRP can be a safe and feasible alternative to CS, even at long-term follow-up, to reduce local and systemic effects involved with CS injections.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

Objectives : In cases of osteoarthritis, the hypofunction of the cartilage and joint leads to a limited range of joint motion, swelling, and pain, which is generally treated using pharmaceutical drugs (e.g., anti-inflammatory agents, cartilage protectants, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or replacement arthroplasty. However, long-term drug treatment is associated with adverse effects on the gastrointestinal systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of Giheolsotong-hwan to treat of osteoarthritis symptoms in the MIA-induced rat model based on histological analysis, and factors that are associated with inflammation and bone mineral metabolism. Methods : Giheolsotong-hwan was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg/day or 400 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks before direct injection of monosodium iodoacetate ($3mg/50{\mu}{\ell}$ of 0.9% saline) into the intra-articular space of the rats' right knee. The rats subsequently received the same doses of oral Giheolsotong-hwan for another 4 weeks. We evaluated the treatment effects based on serum biomarkers and histopathological analysis of the knee joints. Results : Compared to those in control rats, the Giheolsotong-hwan treatments significantly decreased the serum concentration of inflammation factors (i.e., $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$), and bone degrade factors (i.e., MMP-9, CTX-II, and COMP). In addition, the Giheolsotong-hwan treatments significantly increased the concentration of glycosaminoglycans of bone defence factors, but no chage the TIMP-1. Furthermore, the Giheolsotong-hwan treatments effectively preserved the knee cartilage and proteoglycan. Conclusion : The results indicate that Giheolsotong-hwan treated osteoarthritis symptoms. Thus, Giheolsotong-hwan may be a novel oriental therapeutic option for the management of osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.730-740
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• 2022

Objective : Although several commercialized bone cements are used during percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF), there are no reports using domestic products from South Korea. In this study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of Spinofill^® (Injecta Inc., Gunpo, Korea), a new polymethyl methacrylate product. Methods : A prospective, single-center, and single-arm clinical trial of 30 participants who underwent PVP using Spinofill^® for painful thoracolumbar OVCF was performed with 6-months follow-up. Clinical and surgical outcomes included the Visual analog scale (VAS), Korean-Oswestry disability index (K-ODI), and Odom's criteria, complication rate, and recurrence rate. Radiological outcomes were evaluated by measuring the findings of postoperative computed tomography and simple radiograph. Results : The pain of VAS (from 8.95±1.05 to 4.65±2.06, p<0.001) and the life quality based on K-ODI (from 33.95±5.84 to 25.65±4.79, p<0.001) improved significantly, and successful patient satisfaction were achieved in 20 patients (66.7%) 1 day after surgery. These immediate improvements were maintained or more improved during the follow-up. There was no surgery- or product-related complications, but OVCF recurred in two patients (6.7%). Favorable cement interdigitation was reported in 24 patients (80.0%), and extra-vertebral cement leakage was reported in 13 patients (43.0%). The mean vertebral height ratio (from 60.49%±21.97% to 80.07%±13.16%, p<0.001) and segmental kyphotic angle (from 11.46°±8.50° to 7.79°±6.08°, p=0.002) improved one day after surgery. However, these short-term radiological findings somewhat regressed at the end. Conclusion : The overall outcomes of PVP using Spinofill^® were as favorable as those of other conventionally used products.