• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.239-257
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• 2007

Purpose : In the part of Ob & Gy disease, the health insurance application is very limited. This study has been performed for gaining the basic data of enlargement of insurance coverage and reform of the insurance system corresponded with real clinical conditions. Methods : The survey has been practiced twice, the subjective questionnaire was used at the first survey. Then the questionnaire written using the results of first survey was distributed to the Korean medical doctors(KMD) who participated in the autumn symposium of the society of Oriental Obstetrics & Gynecology. Results : 1. The main Ob & Gy disease that the acupuncture treatment has been used actually or thought be positively necessary on the clinic were Dysmenorrhea(including premenstrual syndrome), Climacteric syndrome, Menstrual disorder, Postpartum Pain syndrome. Amenorrhea, Low back pain with pregnancy, JingHa(pelvic tumor), Infertility etc. 2. The main additional complex the sick and wounded names given to visiting patients for Ob & Gy disease as the limits of acupuncture items of insurance coverage were Low back Pain(J10), Qi-stasis(B13.0), SimHwaHangYeom(C2l.1). 3. Suitable the sick and wounded name of Ob & Gy disease thought be added in BokGangNae(Intra-abdominal acupuncture: CV13 ${\cdot}$CV16${\cdot}$CV10). TuJa(Puncture each adjoining acu-points in one insertion : SP6-GB39), TuJa(PC6-TE5) among acupuncture items of insurance coverage were Dysmenorrhea(K05). Menstrual disorder(K02) and Dysmenorrhea(K05), Hyperemesis(K16.0). 4. Climacteric syndrome(K04) and Dysmenorrhea(K05) should be added as suitable the sick and wounded name of TuJa(SP6-GB39), and Postpartum pain syndrome(K29) as KwanJeolGangNea(Intra-articular acupuncture: S35, LE201). Conclusion : Standing on this study, additional survey to general KMD should be continued. And the academic verifications through the oriental medical literatures and RCT papers on acupuncture should be also required.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand acupuncture for reduction of dysmenorrhea. 71 female middle school and high school students were selected as subjects from April to May 2001, among which 38 students consisted of the experimental group while 22 students were the control group by convenient assignment. The experimental group participated in hand acupuncture treatment. The experimental treatment was to puncture corresponding points(A4, A5, J1, J3, J23, H2, F7) on both the palm and back of a hand with disposable acupuncture needles and to remove needles after 20-30 minutes' recess during which the subjects reposed themselves on bed. The collected data were processed using the SPSS PC Program and analyzed using $X^2test$ and The results of this study were as follows 1. The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome have decreased, but no significant differences were statistically observed between hand-acupunctured group and non-hand acupunctured group. 2. Subjective pain degree has decreased after hand acupuncture. 3. As for objective pain degree, a significant reduction in voice change was observed between two groups. Facial expressional changes and perspiration degree reduced but showed no significant statistically changes between two groups. 4. Comfort has increased after hand acupuncture. These results suggest that the hand acupuncture therapy works effectively on easing menstrual pain and symptoms as well as partially on reducing discomfort. It is particularly efficacious for a reduction in subjective pain and facial expressional changes in positive respect. Therefore the hand acupuncture therapy can be considered as an independent nursing intervention for dysmenorrhea reduction.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.420-430
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• 2001

This study was designed to verify the effect of aromatherapy on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea by a quasi experiment (nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from March to October, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of 45 college women with menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. They were randomized by 25 for the experimental group and 20 for the control group. Their mean age was 20.6 years, mean menstrual period 28.7 days, mean menstrual cramps(VAS) 7.25, mean dysmenorrhea (Dysmenorrhea Scale) was 27.34. As treatment, aromatherapy was to give effleurrage of the abdomen with lavender, clary sage and rose as aroma oil, almond oil as carrier oil. For the control group, abdominal massage was given with only almond oil. Data collection included menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea, the change of symptoms(low abdominal pain, lumbago, headache, nausea, fatigue, edema). Menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea and general, menstrual characteristics of subjects were measured the first day of the pre menstrual period before treatment (pre-test), menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea, the change of symptoms were measured the first and second day of post menstrual period after treatment (posttest). Data were analyzed by t-test, $\chi^2$- test, repeated measures ANOVA, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ with SAS Program. The results of this study was as follows; 1. Menstrual cramps was significantly lower in the experimental group(p = .001). 2. Dysmenorrhea was significantly lower in the experimental group(p = .027). 3. Less women in the experimental group complained about the six symptoms than women in the control group after treatment on the first day of the menstrual period(p < 0.05, p < 0.01) In conclusion, these findings indicate that aromatherapy with lavender, clary sage, and rose could be effective to decrease menstrual cramps, and dysmenorrhea. So, aromatherapy could be applied to women suffering with menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea periodically as an nursing intervention.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on dysmenorrhea(pain, related symptoms, ADL). Method: A quasi experimental pre-test and post-test design(experimental group 20, control group 20 by convenience assignment) was used. Data were collected from March to October 2004. The experimental group participated in the treatment(acupuncture & moxibustion on A1(haeum), A4(jaso), A5(samsin), A6(samcho), A8(sinje), A12(wijung), A16(simgyeok), F4(gongson), F6(eumryeom) and ALTENS which is an acupuncture like transcutaneous nerve stimulation), while the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using the SAS programme with Fisher's exact χ2 test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: In the experimental group, pain intensity(f=33.31 p=0.00), related symptoms(t=4.06 p=0.00), ADL difficulty(t=3.85 p=0.00), and medication requirements(χ2=21.00 p=0.00) were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture therapy is effective for reduction of dysmenorrhea. Therefore, hand acupuncture therapy is considered as an independent nursing intervention for reducing dysmenorrhea.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.144-152
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical effects of acupuncture and herbal medication in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea during five or seven days before menstruation. Methods : This study was carried out to the 17 female students in kyungwon university without pelvic or other systemic disease and its history. We investigated general and menstrual characteristics through questionnaires and treated sample patients with crossover acupuncture treatment(Sojangjeonggyeok & $SP_6$) and herbal medication(Hyunburikyungtang-gagam) during five or seven days before menstruation two times. And the change of pain was measured by the method of VAS after menstration monthly two times. Results : The improvement frequency of pain after treatment according to VAS all got better after one, two months of treatment. Especially, the mean${\pm}$S.E. of VAS score after 2nd month treatment was decreased significantly compared with that of 1st month treatment(p<0.05). And Between acupuncture treatment and herbal medication groups had no significant differences on the efficacy of treatment. Conclusion : The acupuncture treatment or herbal medication during five or seven days before menstruation will be efficacious against primary dysmenorrhea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.396-404
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• 2019

This study was systematic review to confirm the effects of the yoga on dysmenorrhea. Seven articles were extracted from the CINAHL, the Cochrane library, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Koreamed electronic databases. Menstrual pain intensity and duration, menstrual distress, QOL, anxiety, anger, and depression levels, homocysteine, TSH, FSH, LH, and prolactin levels were decreased significantly in the yoga group, compared with control group. These findings imply that yoga are a favorable intervention for dysmenorrhea.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.134-149
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• 2008

Purpose: Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic condition among reproductive-age women. It consisted with menstrual clamps and other symptoms such as nausea. vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. Pain control for this disease mainly through NASIDs. but recently CAM therapies, acupuncture and others for painful menstruation are widely used in western countries. But RCT articles about dysmenorrhea in Korea, are not enough to lead such global research trends. The purpose of this study is to review treatment method and other research tendency about dysmenorrhea in Korean Medicine(KM) related dominant journals. Methods: Searching was done through web site and directly searched dysmenorrhea related articles in journals of Korean medicine Gynecology, published during 1996-2007. Results: Twenty five articles were searched in KM related journals, then two of them were simple case report and ten were paper of clinical trials. But there no RCT or control group-designed study. All of them present positive effect on dysmenorrhea but drop out rates were relatively high. Conclusion: KM therapies including acupuncture and herbal medicine have some beneficial effect to resolve menstrual cramps, but KM therapy related Korean articles don't have strong objective power as a evidence in the viewpoint of EBM. So continuous clinical trials such as RCT and multi center trials are needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1325-1332
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of abdominal meridian(Kyongrak) massage on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. Method: Eighty-five women (of 110 screened) enrolled in this study and were employed full-time with more than 6.0 points(in $0\~10.0$ VAS scale) in menstrual cramps or more than 20 points on the dysmenorrhea scale(range $13\~52$). The forty-two participants in the experimental group received abdominal meridian massage for 5 minutes per day during 6 days from the fifth day before menstruation to the first day of menstruation and the forty-three participants in the control group didn't receive any treatment. Data were collected from June 1st to August 30th, 2003 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, and t-test. Result: Menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea of the experimental group were significantly lower after abdominal meridian massage than those of the control group (p<.001). Conclusion: Abdominal meridian(Kyongrak) massage was very effective for relief of menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. Therefore, we suggest that abdominal Kyongrak massage can be a useful nursing intervention for women with menstrual cramps or dysmenorrhea.

• CELLMED
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19.1-19.8
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• 2021

Background: Dysmenorrhea is the most common menstrual complaint in young women with a prevalence as high as 90% and is responsible for substantial repeated short-term absenteeism from school and work in young women. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Commiphora myrrha and honey with mefenamic acid in primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: This prospective standard controlled trial was conducted at Luqman Unani Medical College Hospital and Research Center Vijayapura, India where 40 diagnosed patients of primary dysmenorrhea were randomly assigned to receive test drug (powdered Commiphora myrrha gum resin10g with 30g honey in two divided doses) or active control drug (mefenamic acid 250mg TID) for first 3days of menstruationfor two consecutive cycles. The primary outcome measure was reduction in severity of pain assessed by numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), and secondary outcome measures were improvement in quality of life (QOL) assessed by SF-36 and reduction in perceived stress score (PSS). Results: During first cycle treatment no significant difference was found in NPRS score (p=0.085) between the groups however significant difference in NPRS score (p<0.001) was seen during 2^nd treatment cycle. Significant reduction (p=0.022) in the perceived stress score was noted and overall quality of life was markedly improved after treatment in both the groups. Conclusion: These data suggest that Commiphora myrrha gum resin with honey is an effective herb in reducing symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. These results need to be confirmed by a properly designed trial with a larger sample size. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry India CTRI/2017/09/009596.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.120-132
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine clinical studies on the treatment of dysmenorrhea treatments and analyze the results to provide sufficient evidence to provide adequate evidence of the efficacy of the ear-acupuncture treatment on dysmenorrhea patients. Methods: The search for foreign papers used 'Pubmed', a research engine in the America National Library of Medicine. Used searching terms were 'dysmenorrhea' and 'menstrual pain' in all cases. And among these studies, we searched by using key word 'auricular acupuncture' or 'ear acupuncture' or 'auricular acupressure' or 'ear acupressure'. Results: Overall 53 studies, 7 studies were finally selected to this study. There was 1 controlled study, 3 clinical trials, and 3 randomized-control studies. About acupoints in study, the endocrine was used in all 7 papers. Internal genitals, shenmen, sympathesis, kidney, liver were used in 4 papers, central rim, hypo-cortex, uterus were used in 2 papers, central of cymba auriculae was used in 2 paper. In 4 papers, the effect of ear acupuncture treatment was effective in relieving menstrual pain. Moreover, we can see that ear acupuncture therapy was effective in reducing menstrual pain than in oriental herb medicine. Conclusions: As a result of the 7 papers, we found that patients with menstrual pain decreased after ear acupuncture therapy. However, there was little research and it was limited to achieving the results of the analysis. A vigorous clinical study should be conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of ear acupuncture therapy and standardize treatment methods.