• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.538-549
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to explore and compare the knowledge structure of pain management nursing research, between Korea and other countries, applying a text network analysis. Methods: 321 Korean and 6,685 international study abstracts of pain management, published from 2004 to 2017, were collected. Keywords and meaningful morphemes from the abstracts were analyzed and refined, and their co-occurrence matrix was generated. Two networks of 140 and 424 keywords, respectively, of domestic and international studies were analyzed using NetMiner 4.3 software for degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector community analysis. Results: In both Korean and international studies, the most important, core-keywords were "pain," "patient," "pain management," "registered nurses," "care," "cancer," "need," "analgesia," "assessment," and "surgery." While some keywords like "education," "knowledge," and "patient-controlled analgesia" found to be important in Korean studies; "treatment," "hospice palliative care," and "children" were critical keywords in international studies. Three common sub-topic groups found in Korean and international studies were "pain and accompanying symptoms," "target groups of pain management," and "RNs' performance of pain management." It is only in recent years (2016~17), that keywords such as "performance," "attitude," "depression," and "sleep" have become more important in Korean studies than, while keywords such as "assessment," "intervention," "analgesia," and "chronic pain" have become important in international studies. Conclusion: It is suggested that Korean pain-management researchers should expand their concerns to children and adolescents, the elderly, patients with chronic pain, patients in diverse healthcare settings, and patients' use of opioid analgesia. Moreover, researchers need to approach pain-management with a quality of life perspective rather than a mere focus on individual symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 2022

Background: Coccygodynia is one of the chronic, refractory painful musculoskeletal disorders. Interventional procedures are applied to patients unresponsive to initial treatment in coccygodynia. This study aims to compare the treatment outcomes of ganglion impar block (GIB) and caudal epidural steroid injection (CESI) in patients with chronic coccygodynia. Methods: This study was a prospective randomized comparison study conducted between June 2019 and January 2021. Patients diagnosed with chronic coccygodynia were randomly divided into two groups: the GIB group and the CESI group. The severity of pain, presence of neuropathic pain, and quality of life were evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale, Leeds Assessment of the Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Scale, and Short Form-12 Health Survey (SF-12), respectively. Results: A total of 34 patients in each group were included in the final analyses. While there was a significant decrease in pain intensity in both groups in the 3-month follow-up, this decrease was more significant in the GIB group at the 3rd week. There was a significant improvement in the SF-12 physical score and the number of patients with neuropathic pain in both groups in the 3rd week, but this improvement was not observed in the 3rd month. Conclusions: Although GIB may provide more pain relief in short term, both GIB and CESI are useful treatment methods in coccygodynia unresponsive to more conservative treatments.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of thoracolumbar junction's Hyeopcheok points(夾脊穴) for low-back pain in the thoracolumbar junction syndrome. Method : 1. Measurement : We investigated 26 patients with low-back pain. The unpleasantness of pain was measured by visual analogue scale(VAS), and the Oswestry low-back pain disability index(ODI). We compared the VAS and ODI scores of the two groups statistically. 2. Intervention : Use Acupuncture and bee venom injection in thoracolumbar junction's Hyeopcheok points that display main tender points. Also, herb medication and physical therapy was used. Results and Conclusion : As a result of treatment, thoracolumbar junction's Hyeopcheok points is very effective for low-back pain. However, more cases are required to oriental medicine in order to prove the availability.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of work-related back pain among nurses in the U.S. Method: Literature review and website searching were conducted. Key words as 'nurse and back pain (or back injury)' were used in searching the Medline, NIOSHTIC-2and reference list of selected studies. Total studies were selected of which subjects were nurses working in the U.S., and published since 1970. Results: Though there was variation in the measurement among studies, the prevalence rate of back pain among nurses in the U.S. could be estimated about 50%. Risk factors were confirmed as the frequency of patient lifting, ward, nursing shortage, overtime, work shift, stress on physical demand, but age and work experiences showed the inconsistent relation. It has been well known that educational approach is not enough to prevent back pain. Intervention studies to apply the ergonomic approach using mechanical devices reported the effects, but the devices were less diverse than European countries or Canada. The study for lifting team was rare. Federal government developed only the guideline for nursing home that had no legal obligation. As a professional nursing organization, ANA has been trying to educate and advocate for "No lift policy" since 2003. Meanwhile, two trade unions of nurses made efforts to establish the law strengthening the responsibility of health care facilities. Conclusion: The research and policy development will be needed to prepare to rapid increase of back pain among Korean nurses.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1619-1625
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• 2018

To examine the changes in pain, the severity of the neck disorder, craniovertebral angle, and muscle activity in young adults with forward head posture. 37 "N" University students in their 20s with forward head posture, including both male and female participants. Measurement of pain, NDI (neck disorder index) craniovertebral angle, and muscle activity were taken before and after the 6 week intervention period. The pain was measured using the visual analog scale. The severity of the neck disorder was measured using the NDI The craniovertebral angle was measured by taking a photo. The muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography. Neck posture correction exercises paired with proprioceptive training is the most effective intervention for reducing pain. Both neck posture correction exercises paired with Kinesio taping or proprioceptive training are effective interventions for addressing neck disability, craniocervical angle, and muscle activity. Neck posture correction exercises paired with Kinesio taping or proprioceptive training are more effective at addressing pain, neck disorder, craniocervical angle, and muscle activity than performing the neck posture correction exercises alone.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2022

Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of a lumbar stabilization exercise program accompanied by proprioceptive stimulation in women in their 20s with low back pain. Design: A randomized controlled trial Methods: A total of 30 women in their 20s with low back pain were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. Both groups performed a lumbar stabilization exercise program, and only the experimental group applied for a stabilization exercise program with proprioceptive stimulation. The exercise program lasted 60 minutes at a time, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. The measurement tools used were the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (K-ODI), the lumbar alignment, and the transverse abdominis(TrA) muscle thickness and contraction ratio. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant differences in NRS, K-ODI, and muscle thickness before and after the experiment (p<0.05). The lumbar alignment and contraction ratio at the time of contraction of TrA in the experimental group was statistically significantly increased, and there was also a significant difference in the difference between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The lumbar stabilization exercise program with proprioceptive stimulation reduced pain, improved low back pain induced dysfunction, and increased TrA muscle thickness and contraction ratio. Therefore, it can be an effective therapeutic exercise program for women in their 20s with LBP.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.174-182
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• 2018

Background: The trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) is a primary central site for trigeminal transmitting. Noxious stimulation of the trigeminal nociceptors alters the central synaptic releases and neural expression of some inflammatory and trophic agents. Orexin-A and the orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) are expressed in pain pathways including trigeminal pain transmission. However, the the mechanism(s) underling orexin-A effects on trigeminal pain modulation have not been fully clarified. Methods: Trigeminal pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of capsaicin in the upper lip in rats. The effect of trigeminal pain on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the Vc of animals was determined by immunofluorescence. Subsequently, OX1R agonist (orexin-A) and antagonist (SB-334867-A) was administrated in the Vc to investigate the possible roles of the Vc OX1R on changes in COX-2 and BDNF levels following pain induction. Results: The data indicated an increase in COX-2 and decrease in BDNF immuno-reactivity in the Vc of capsaicin, and capsaicin- pretreated with SB-334867-A (80 nM), groups of rat. However, the effect of capsaicin on COX-2 and BDNF expressions was reversed by a Vc microinjection of orexin-A (100 pM). Conclusions: Overall, the present data reveals that orexin-A can attenuate capsaicin-induced trigeminal pain through the modulation of pain effects on COX-2 and BDNF expressions in the Vc of rats.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.495-507
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of the dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise on functional recovery of low back pain patients. The subjects were consisted of sixty patients who had nonspecific subacute low back pain. All subjects randomly assigned to dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise group. Williams exercise group and modalities treatment group. The dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise group received modalities treatment with dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise. Williams exercise group received modalities treatment with Williams flexion exercise and modalities treatment group received modalities treatment without exercise. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire was used to measure disability of low back pain. Assessment was carried out before treatment fur obtain baseline measurement of low back pain and reassessment were carried out at after 20 and 40 treatment sessions. The results of this study were as following: 1. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores were significantly decreased after 20th and 40th treatment in dynamic lumber stabilization exercise group(p<.05). 2. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores were significantly decreased after 20th and 40th treatment in Williams exercise group(p<.05). 3. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores were significantly decreased after 20th and 40th treatment in modalities treatment group(<.05). 4. There were no statistical difference between the 3 groups at pre-treatment with Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores(p>.05). 5. There were no statistical difference between the 3 groups after 20th treatment with Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores(p>.05). 6. There were statistical difference between the 3 groups after 40th treatment with Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores(p<.05). 7. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores were significantly decreased after 40th treatment in all 3 groups and the decrement were greater in order of dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise group. Williams exercise group and modalities treatment group.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the early postpartum low back pain and pelvic girdle pain in the Korean medical hospital for 2-weeks. Methods: Fifty-one postpartum women who admitted for postpartum care in Korean hospital from December 3rd, 2011 to January 31st, 2012 had written out pain measurement questionnaires(SF-MPQ, VAS, ODI) three times for 2-weeks. SPSS 18.0 for Windows was used to analyse the data and the independent samples t-test, paired T-test were used to verify the results. Results: 1. Evaluation of low back pain within the first week after birth was as follows: SF-MPQ sensory area was $5.06{\pm}4.41$ points; SF-MPQ emotional areas was $0.86{\pm}1.34$ points; VAS mean was $3.79{\pm}2.02$ points; and ODI mean was $10.27{\pm}6.69$. 2. Early postpartum low back pain and pelvic girdle pain were significantly decreased in SF-MPQ, VAS, and ODI after 2-weeks(p < 0.01). 3. Age, birth type, parity, weight, and BMI increased during pregnancy does not affect the postpartum low back pain and pelvic girdle pain. Conclusions: The top 10% of postpartum low back pain scale was 10.8 points or more in the sensory area of SF-MPQ, and 3 points or more in the affective area of SF-MPQ. In the case of VAS, it was more than 7 points, and ODI was more than 21.8 points. Postpartum back pain with oriental medical treatment was significantly improved.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2022

This study aimed to examine the changes in the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) scores before and after epidural steroid injection (ESI) in patients with lower back pain, and the correlation between the three scales in patients with reduced scores on these scales. Patients completed the NRS, ODI, and RMDQ before and after receiving ESI. A paired t-test was performed to compare the mean scores obtained before and after ESI. The correlations between the scores were estimated by calculating the difference between the baseline and follow-up scores. Of the 49 patients, 37 completed both questionnaire assessments. Among them, 26 patients (70%) presented a post-ESI decrease in scores obtained on all three scales. The NRS score decreased from 6.81±1.91 points at baseline to 3.66±2.22 points at follow-up (P<0.0001); similarly, the ODI score decreased from 41.65±14.76 to 30.38±16.16 points (P=0.0025); and the RMDQ score decreased from 11.11±5.68 to 7.64±5.74 points (P=0.011). Of the 37 patients who completed the two questionnaires, 26 had reduced NRS, ODI, and RMDQ scores. The intraclass correlation coefficients between the NRS and ODI, NRS and RMDQ, and ODI and RMDQ scores were 0.7943, 0.6615, and 0.7182, respectively. The concordance correlation coefficients between the NRS and ODI, NRS and RMDQ, and ODI and RMDQ scores were 0.6020, 0.4938, and 0.5202, respectively. Among the measurements, the correlation between the NRS and ODI scores was the highest, and a moderate correlation was found between the scores obtained using the other instruments.