• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.542-547
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• 1994

To find out the most reasonable analysis conditions of paeoniflorin, different paeoniflorin extraction methods and various UV detector wavelengths were conducted with paeonia radix of 4-year old Euisung local variety. The most reasonable paeoniflorin extraction time by reflux apparatus was 1hr. and by ultrasonic apparatus was 3hrs. and those methods were completed only once. Concentration of paeoniflorin by reflux apparatuses at 1hr. and 2hrs. of extracting time were higher than those of ultrasonic apparatus, and the differences were highly significant. However, the differences of paeoniflorin concentration at 3hrs. and 4hrs. in two methods were not significant. In comparing paeoniflorin concentration of many lines, ultrasonic extracting apparatus was more simple and effective than the reflux apparatus. Paeoniflorin was more reasonable sensitivity at 240nm, and albiflorin was 254nm by HPLC. When paeoniflorin and albiflorin were analyzed simultaneously, 254nm was more stable than any other wavelength.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2009

We have tested the stability of paeoniflorin, a new cosmetic ingredient, extracted from the roots of Paeoniae lactiflora. The stability of aqueous paeoniflorin solution at pH 3, 5 and 7 varied by adding buffer solution was tested at $0^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C,\;and\;65^{\circ}C$. The test was performed with or without UV light. The solution of paeoniflorin was stable at pH 3.0, however, the recovery rate of paeoniflorin was 40% at pH 7.0. The stability of paeoniflorin solution was decreased as the pH of paeoniflorin solution was increased by pH 7.0. The effect of storage temperature of paeoniflorin solution shows that the stability of paeoniflorin solution was decreased as the temperature was increased. The stability of paeoniflorin was rather good under UV light than the condition given above $40^{\circ}C$. The stability of paeoniflorin in W/O emulsions shows similar pattern to that of aqueous solution.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.14
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• pp.15-28
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• 1996

The effective components of the peony cultivar, Euseongjagyag and Youngcheonjagyag, which were the major cultivars of peony in Kyeongbuk area, were determined with HPLC and TLC. The paeoniflorin content in the root of Euseongjagyag were more than that of Youngcheonjagyag. The root of Euseongjagyag contained much albiflorin and Youngcheonjagyag contained much oxypaeoniflorin in comparision with albiflorin and oxypaeoniflorin contents in both cultivars of peony. Paeoniflorin contents in accordance with peony prodution regions were ranged from 2.15% to 4.08%, and paeoniflorin content of local cultivar of Euseong and that of Geochang were approximatly the same but that of Youngcheon was the lowest. Paeoniflorin content in the 18 accessions of peony cultivar which were collected from Kyeongbuk area and harvested on November 1993, were ranged from 1.41% to 5.30%. The 18 accessions of peony were classified with the HPLC chromatogram pattern of peony root extract into the three groups which composed with Euseong peony group(9 accessions), Youngcheon peony group (4 accessions) and Punggi standard peony group(5 accessions). High content of paeoniflorin WaS contained in peony root harvested in May and November. but low content of paeoniflorin was contained in peony root harvested in March and September.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 1997

Peony is a medicinal herb which have utilized widely as chineses medicine. The paeoniflorin is the predominant component In peony root, monoterpene glucoside containing pinane structure. The effective components were extracted with the cold water from the intact peony roots, and effectively extracted with 70% ethanol from the dry powder of peony roots. The changes of paeoniflorin contents were investigated during the drying process of peony roots and processing of peony extract by the heat-treatment. Air-drying was the best condition for the preservation of paeoniflorin content among the drying processes of peony roots. But convective drying at 6$0^{\circ}C$ was recommended for the drying process of peony roots in large scale. The paeoniflorin in peony extracts was not destroyed by the treatment at 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs, but destroyed 30%, 28% and 40% of paeoniflorin by treatment at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs, 115$^{\circ}C$ and 121$^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, respectively. The paeoniflorin was continueously extracted for 4 hrs from the dry pieces of peony roots(0.5$\times$0.5$\times$0.5cm) in boiling water but destroyed gradually after 4 hrs at 10$0^{\circ}C$. Paeoniflorins in 70% ethanol extracts of peony root were not destroyed at all in the process of concentration to dry powder at 60"C on vacuum.cuum.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.357-360
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• 2003

Methanol extracts from Paeonia lactiflora showed a strong inhibition against platelet aggregation on platelet activation test. Therefore, the bioactive constituents from Paeonia lactiflora were prepared using chromatography methods and were analyzed by NMR and reference data. Compound 1b was confirmed a same structure with henzoyloxypaeoniflorin, compound 2e was a same structure with paeoniflorin; main product of Paeonia lactiflora. Analytical data of compound 3a were not consistent with any known paeoniflorin soucture, but showed the souctural similarity with it. And also the aggregation inhibition activity of compound 3a showed a strong inhibition($\geq$ 90%) induced by collagen. Therefore it suggested that the structure of compound 3a may be the similar structure of benzoyloxypaeoflorin with a functional group in place of benzoyl group and/or a different functional group in stead of Rl. We suggested that benzoyl group of benzoyloxypaeoniflorin substitued instead of 5-carbon OH group on glycoside moiety paeoniflorin played role of the metabolite in case of a platelet aggregation inhibition activity. Paeoniflorin showed more strong inhibition by thrombin than collagen. Therefore, it may be destructed a calcium metabolite as a forming $Ca^2＋$ chelate. Compound 3a may be that other functional group instead of OH group of 5-carbon on glycoside moiety of paeoniflorin and/or OH group of benzoyl moiety of paeoniflorin played role of the metabolite in a platelet aggregation inhibition.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2005

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation to mammalian skin is known to alter cellular function via generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), DNA damage and DNA lesions, such as pyrimidine dimmers and photoproducts, which could lead to DNA mutation if they are not repaired. In this study, we have investigated the reduction of DNA damage and of apoptosis with a particular attention to genetic effect of paeoniflorin in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEK). After UVB irradiation from $10\;to\;500mJ/cm^{2}$ to NHEK, Mean Tail Moments (MTM) were increased with UVB dose increase. The greatest amount of strand breaks was induced at $500mJ/cm^{2}$ of UVB. Even at the lowest dose of UVB ($10mJ/cm^{2}$), change in MTM was detected (P<0.0001). Pretreated cell with 0.1% paeoniflorin maximally reduced the level of DNA damage to about 21.3%, compared to untreated cell. In the lower concentrations less than 0.01% of paeoniflorin, MTM had a small increase but paeoniflorin still had reductive effects of DNA damage. We measured the apoptosis suppression of paeoniflorin with annexin V flous staining kit. As we observed under the fluorescence microscopy to detect apoptosis in the irradiated cell, the fluorescence intensity was clearly increased in the untreated cell, but decreased in treated cells with paeoniflorin. These results suggest that paeoniflorin reduces the alteration of cell membranes and prevents DNA damage. Therefore, the use of paeoniflorin as a free radical scavenger to reduce the harmful effects of UV lights such as chronic skin damage, wrinkling and skin cancer can be useful to prevent the formation of photooxidants that result in radical damage.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2005

We analyzed six cultivars of Chinese Moutan, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, using HPLC for the investigation of appropriate root harvesting time and distributions of paeonol and paeoniflorin according to the seasonal changes. The contents of paeonol remained nearly constant at different harvesting times. However, the paeoniflorin contents have changed significantly during the harvesting time. These showed the increasing tendency in May, July and September. We compared the distribution of two compounds between two cultivars with different flower forms, Dan Feng and Wu Long Feng Sheng. The contents of paeonol were very low in the leaf and annual shoot. This tendency was not changed during five harvesting times. But the paeoniflorin existed abundantly in the leaf and root. The contents of paeoniflorin in the leaf were highest in May, and gradually decreased.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 1997

From Korean cultivated peony root, paeoniflorin and albiflorin, which are generally considered to be principal components of peony root, were isolated by silicagel column chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods $(UV,\;FT-IR,\;^1H{\cdot}^{13}C-NMR)$ and their purities were 98% and 93%, respectively. The concentrations of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in ten Korean cultivated peony lines were determined by reverse phase HPLC. The concentrations of paeoniflorin ranged from 1. 56 to 4.04% and those of albiflorin ranged from 0.04 to 1. 98% in ten Korean cultivated lines. In the ten cultivated lines, the concentrations of albiflorin in Punggi lines were higher than other lines.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to determine best harvesting time and observe paeoniflorin and some chemical component concentrations of 4-year-old paeonia radix in Euisung and Milyang varieties. Concentrations of paeoniflorin and some chemical components were investigated at 8 periods from Feb. to Oct. Yield of paeonia radix was investigated in Aug. 19, Sep. 18 and Oct. 17. Paeoniflorin and some chemical components were changed seriously at May as flowering time and stabilized after June. The lowest dry matter ratio was 23% and the maximum shrinkage ratio was 47% in May during all the growing stages. Especially, the difference of paeoniflorin concentrations between Euisung and Milyang was about 2%, and paeoniflorin concentrations in Milyang were higher than in Euisung variety during all the stages. Serious infection of disease in October, stem length, stem number per stock and healthful stem ratio in October were more reduced than in August. Yield of paeonia radix was not different from August to September, but that of October harvest was obviously reduced by root-decay-disease. Reasonable harvesting time in 4-year-old paeonia radix was late August to mid-September. When infected shoot rate by disease were severely high, early harvest was more stable in the yield and quality aspects.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.362-369
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• 1996

Seven different drying methods were tested in peony roots of Euisung cultivar, harvested in February, in three year's old plant. The roots were selected in length and diameter and half of the samples were removed cork-layers to compare the effects of cork-layer in processing of drying. The 3$0^{\circ}C$ heat drying without cork-layer reduced in days to drying by five days compared to those of the with cork-layers at the same temperature. The 5$0^{\circ}C$ heat drying after cork-layers removed was the most effective in days to drying. In quality of skin color of the 5$0^{\circ}C$ heating was worse to compare with the lower drying temperature. In the drying at room temperature and the heat drying at lower temperature, the paeoniflorin content in drying after cork-layers removed were higher than that of the drying with cork-layers. However, in the boiling water treatment, the paeoniflorin contents in drying after cork-layers removed were lower than those of with cork-layers. In heat drying, paeoniflorin content showed a decreasing tendency to increase of drying temperature. Total sugars in the peony roots showed a decreasing tendency according to the drying temperature increasing, but starch concentration showed a increasing tendency at the same condition. Concentrations of crude protein, crude fiber and crude ash were showed no differences in various drying methods and the materials with or without cork-layers. Relationships between the paeoniflorin and total sugars, and the paeoniflorin and starch were different significantly by the materials of cork-layers removed or not. The 30~4$0^{\circ}C$ heat drying without cork-layers was the most advisable condition for drying in paeoniflorin concentration, days to drying and skin color after drying.