• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.62-73
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was designed to identify the ergogenic effects of Red ginseng and Paeonia radix mixtures and optimal ratios. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by administering treatments of Red ginseng and Paeonia radix mixtures to rats and by measuring the time to exhaustion by treadmill running. Results: The treatment of Red ginseng and Paeonia radix mixtures to the rats increased the time to exhaustion by treadmill running. The most potent inhibition of Red ginseng and Paeonia radix mixtures on the 5-HT synthesis and the TPH expression in the dorsal raphe was observed at the dose of 200 mg/kg and the optimal ratio of Red ginseng and Paeonia radix for the maximum efficacy was 50:50. Under normal conditions (not exercise), long-term treatment of Red ginseng and Paeonia radix mixtures did not affect the 5-HT synthesis and the TPH expression in the dorsal raphe, suggesting that Red ginseng and Paeonia radix mixtures does not alter serotonin level in the normal rats. The suppressive effect of Red ginseng and Paeonia radix mixtures on the 5-HT synthesis and the TPH expression during exercise is a possible ergogenic mechanism of these mixtures. Conclusions : Red ginseng and Paeonia radix mixtures reduce exercise-induced fatigue, and have the effect of acting as ergogenic aids on the time to exhaustion by treadmill exercise and on 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 2011

The genus Paeonia belongs to the family Paeoniaceae having significant medicinal and ornamental importance. The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to understand phylogenetic relationships of three Paeonia species (P. lactiflora, P. obovata, and P. suffruticosa) that are widely distributed in China, Korea, and Japan, using nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence and to compare the phylogeny results with investigations reported earlier using existed sequences of the same species. The size variation obtained among sequenced nrDNA ITS region was narrow and ranged from 722 to 726 bp. The highest interspecific genetic distance (GD) was found between P. lactiflora and P. suffruticosa or P. obovata. The phylogram obtained using our nrDNA ITS sequences showed non-congruence with previous hypothesis of the phylogeny between section Paeonia and section Moutan of genus Paeonia. This result was supported by the phylogenetic relations showed in the phylogram constructed with existed sequences in NCBI. The present study suggested that P. obovata belonging to section Paeonia was phylogenetically closer to P. suffruticosa representing section Moutan of genus Paeonia than P. lactiflora belonging to section Paeonia. The main reason of the paraphyly of section Paeonia is thought to be nucleotide additivity directly caused by origin hybridization. This study provides more sequence sources of genus Paeonia, and will help for further studies in intraspecies population, and their phylogentic analysis and molecular evolution.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.195-200
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• 2003

The growth of S. aureus was inhibited by combination of natural products bearing antioxidative capacity and combined two, three and four kinds of them. S. aureus was controlled by Paeonia Japonica, Galla Rhois, Geranii Herba, alone, and two mixed combinations of Paeonia japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis George, Paeonia japonica and Theae Folium, Paeonia japonica and Chelidonium Majus L, Paeonia japonica and Geranii Herba, Paeonia japonica and Schizandrae Fructus, and three mixed combinations of Paeonia Japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Geranii Herba, Paeonia Japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Chelidonium Majus L., Paeonia Japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Theae Folium, and four mixed combinations of Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Chelidonium Majus L. and Theae Folium and Schizandrae Fructus, Paeonia Japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Chelidonium Majus L. and Schizandrae Fructus, Scutellaria Baicalensis George and Geranii Herba and Theae Folium and Schizandrae Fructus. As these combinations of natural products will activate some parts of body, they may be applied to pharmaceutical applications, functional foods, antiaging tea, also expected to control bacterial growth for fermentative beverage bearing multifunction.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2002

Graft cultivation of Paeonia and Moutan was attempted to improve the harvest yields of medicinal parts of the plants. When Paeonia root was grafted with Moutan stem, the harvest yields of underground roots showed 35% increase, with Paeonia radix and Moutan cortex ratio of 3 : 1 paeoniflorin and paeonol contents among grafted Paeonia radix (11.71 and 0.35 mg/g, respectively), Paeonia radix (9.91 and 0.80 mg/g, respectively), and Moutan cortex (10.81 and 2.84 mg/g, respectively) were not significantly different. Paeonia radix grafted with Moutan stem was cultivated to investigate the ecological properties and to compare index components, including minerals, fatty acids, and organic acids. The contents of 10 major minerals among the samples were very similar, whereas those of Fe were different, showing 86.06, 127.36, 75.05, and 140.63 mg/g for (Paeonia radix, Paeonia radix grafted, Moutan cortex, and Moutan cortex grafted) contents and GC profiles of 11 fatty acids including linoleic, palmitic, linolenic, and oleic acids and those of 6 organic acids including oxalic, citric, and malic acids were very similar. Results of sensory evaluations were very similar between Paeonia radix and Paeonia radix grafted or Moutan cortex and Moutan cortex grafted showed astringent taste, and stronger sensory intensity of Paeonia radix than Paeonia radix grafted showed bitter taste, and stronger sensory intensity of Moutan cortex than Moutan cortex grafted.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.6-8
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• 2010

Crude drug 'SanJagYag' has been used mainly as a pleurisy, abdominal pain, female disease and gastropathy. To clarify the botanical origin of SanJagYag from Korea, the anatomical characteristics of Paeonia japonica, Paeonia lactiflora and Paeonia obovata of Paeoniaceae were studied. As a result, it was clarified that SanJagYag was the root of Paeonia obovata.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2000

A peony is perennial plant which comes under Paeoniaceae. The anatomical differences in root and stem of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Paeonia obovata Maxim. are studied. The length of the vessel members of P. lactiflora Pallas is a bit longer than that of P. obovata Maxim. in the stem and the roots, and the width of the vessel members of P. lactiflora Pallas is wider than that of P. obovata Maxim. in the stem and the root. The secondary xylem in the root of P. lactiflora Pallas is discontinuos scalariform arrangement while that of P. obovata Maxim. is continuous radical arrangement.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.283-287
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• 1992

This experiment was carried in order to compare some propagation methods and the effective components in the root of Paeonia albiflora pallas, Paeonia moutan Sims and Paeonia albiflora pallas root grafted with Paeonia mouton sims The optimum seeding time of August 20 to september 10 for increasing germination ratio. The growing and developing of Paeonia albiflora Pall. for root dividing methods was advantageous to practice at Autum than at spring season. The shoot cutting method during the flowering time was proper to increase the rooting ratio with the aid of Ruton, the plant growth regulator but not emerged of apical bud. The grafting stages between the Paeonia albiflora pall. and Paeonia moutan Sims was available to practice during the September for increasing the thickness growth of root. Among the effective components of the paeony the paeoniflorin was shown high, while paeonol in paeony moutan. The paeoniflorin of herbaceous paeony / paeony moutan was increased about 75.9% than herbaceous paeony alone, and the other compoents are similar to those of herbaceous paeony root.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.540-548
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• 2008

Paeonia radix is the root of Paeonia aliflora Pallas, which is a perennial plant classified in the family Paeoniaceae. Paeonia radix possesses several pharmacological effects such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic, anti-oxidative, and anti-coagulant activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of Paeonia radix on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mouse BV2 microglial cells. The aqueous extract of Paeonia radix at respective concentration was treated one hour before lipopolysaccharide treatment. In the present results, the aqueous extract of Paeonia radix suppressed prostaglandin $E_2$ synthesis and nitric oxide production by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mouse BV2 microglial cells. These results demonstrate that Paeonia radix exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects probably by suppressing mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthesis. The present study demonstrates that Paeonia radix may offer a valuable mean of therapy for brain inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.221-250
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• 2000

In order to investigate experimentally that the effect of aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora on arthritis of mice induced by collagenII, the author performed several experimental items : that is increase, paw thickness, DTH, weight of spleen, hematological change, expression of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$, gene expression of IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF, proliferation of synovial cells and cytotoxicity. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Inhibitory effects of aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora on arthritis induced by collgenII. 1) In incidence, paw edema, AI and DTH were inhibited as compared with control group. 2) The splenic weight was increased and the number of leukocytes was decreased as compared with control group. 3) The number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ activated cells and surface-receptor expression were increased as compared with control group. 4) In hematological change, total protein, creatinine and LDH were decreased significantiy as compared with control group. 2. FACS analysis on normal BABL/c of spenic cells treated with aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora. 1) Aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora activated adhesive splenic cells of mice morphologically in vitro. 2) Aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia dactiflora enhanced the gene expression of IL-12 and also enhanced that of interferon-${\gamma}$ remarkably. 3) Aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora reduced the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ activated cells and their surface-receptor expression as compared with control group. 3. Effects of aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora on human synovial cells. 1) In cytotoxicity against synovial cells, aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora didn't show cytotoxicity at concentration of $10-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ but showed significantly at concentration of $200-400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ as compared with control group. 2) Aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora reduced the gene expression of IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$. 3) Aqua-acupuncture solution of Paeonia lactiflora inhibited proliferation of synovial cells at concentration of 100 and $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.206-209
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• 1991

This paper was intented to find out the effect of graft of Paeonia moutan scion into Paeonia albiflora stock on the yield and the pharmaceutical components of the root-Paeoniflorin, Albiflorin, Oxypaeoniflorin and Paeonol. The roots of Paeonia albiflora(PA), Paeonia moutan(PM) and Paeonia albiflora grafted in Paeonia moutan (M/A), were collected after being cultivated for three years in Yoenki, Chungnam, Korea. The following results were obtained ; 1. The growth characteristics of the underground part of M/A were similar to those of PA. 2. The yield of M/A was 3-5 times as that of PA in appearance. 3. The amount of Paeoniflorin in M/A was 0.2-0.5% higher than that in PA. The content of paeonol in M/A was not increased by grafting of paeonia moutan with high concentration of paeonol.