• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2024

Background: Distraction is a technique used to divert a patient's attention from unpleasant procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of kaleidoscopy, virtual reality, and video games in reducing anxiety and pain during invasive dental procedures in children. Methods: Sixty-six children aged 6 to 9 years were randomly assigned to three groups during local anesthesia administration: Group 1 (kaleidoscope), Group 2 (virtual reality), and Group 3 (mobile video games). The anxiety of the children was evaluated using physiological measures (heart rate) at three different time points: before, during, and after the procedure. The Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale was used as a subjective measure before and after the procedure. Subjective measures of pain were assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: In the intergroup comparison, there were no statistically significant differences in the physiological measures of anxiety scores between the three groups before, during, and after distraction. Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale scores were assessed before and after distraction, but no statistically significant differences were observed. Among the three groups, the children in Group 2 showed a significant reduction in pain scores. Conclusion: Compared with kaleidoscopes and video games, virtual reality is a promising distraction technique for reducing dental fear, anxiety, and pain during local anesthesia administration in children.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2009

공기주입 정복술(pneumatic reduction) 및 방사선 배뇨성 방광요도 조영술(Voiding Cystourethrography: 이하 VCUG)는 일반적으로 영,유아에게서 행해지는데 이들 검사는 투시촬영과 spot 촬영으로 이루어지며 이때 투시촬영으로 인한 방사선 피폭은 불가피한 것이나 spot 촬영으로 인한 피폭은 투시 화면상의 관심영상을 capture하는 기능인 fluorograb을 이용하여 제거할 수 있다. fluorograb은 spot영상과 비슷한 진단가치를 지니고 있으며 최근 사용되고 있는 대부분의 투시촬영장비에서 지원되는 기능이지만 다수의 의사 및 방사선사는 이 기능을 인지하지 못하고 있거나 인지하고는 있으나 습관적으로 spot 촬영을 행하고 있는 실정이다. 이는 방사선에 매우 민감한 연령대에 속한 영.유아에서 적게는 10장 미만에서 많게는 20장 이상을 spot 촬영하게 되는 공기주입 정복술 및 VCUG에서 그 영향이 적지 않다 하겠다. 따라서 공기주입 정복술 및 VCUG 시행시 spot 촬영으로 인한 영.유아의 피폭을 줄이기 위한 방법으로 spot 촬영을 대신한 fluorograb을 제안하며 이로 인한 기존의 공기주입 정복술 및 VCUG 시행 시 영 유아의 피폭선량 경감 효과를 증명하고자 하였다. 공기주입 정복술 및 VCUG 의 진단에 fluorograb은 spot 촬영과 비슷한 수준의 정확도를 보이는 안전하고 유용한 방법이여 공기주입 정복술 및 VCUG 시행 시 spot 촬영을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2009년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1167-1172
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• 2009

공기주입 정복술(pneumatic reduction) 및 방사선 배뇨성방광요도 조영술(Voiding Cystourethrography: 이하 VCUG)는 일반적으로 영,유아에게서 행해지는데 이들 검사는 투시 촬영과 spot 촬영으로 이루어지며 이때 투시촬영으로 인한 방사선 피폭은 불가피한 것이나 spot 촬영으로 인한 피폭은 투시 화면상의 관심영상을 capture하는 기능인 fluorograb을 이용하여 제거할 수 있다. fluorograb은 spot영상과 비슷한 진단가치를 지니고 있으며 최근 사용되고 있는 대부분의 투시촬영장비에서 지원되는 기능이지만 다수의 의사 및 방사선사는 이 기능을 인지하지 못하고 있거나 인지하고는 있으나 습관적으로 spot 촬영을 행하고 있는 실정이다. 이는 방사선에 매우 민감한 연령대에 속한 영.유아에서 적게는 10장 미만에서 많게는 20장 이상을 spot 촬영하게 되는 공기주입 정복술 및 VCUG에서 그 영향이 적지 않다 하겠다. 따라서 공기주입 정복술 및 VCUG 시행시 spot 촬영으로 인한 영.유아의 피폭을 제거하기 위한 방법으로 spot 촬영을 대신한 fluorograb을 제안하며 이로 인한 기존의 공기주입 정복술 및 VCUG 시행시 영.유아의 피폭선량 경감 효과를 증명하고자 하였다. 공기주입 정복술 및 VCUG 의 진단에 fluorograb은 spot 촬영과 비슷한 수준의 정확도를 보이는 안전하고 유용한 방법이여 공기주입 정복술 및 VCUG 시행시 spot 촬영을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2017

Purpose: Abdominal cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare. Their rarity and varied clinical presentations make their pre-operative diagnosis difficult. Methods: Fourteen patients with histological diagnosis of cysts of gastrointestinal origin admitted between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed with respect to age, sex, clinical presentation, diagnostic modality, site and type of cyst, management, outcome and follow-up. Results: The mean age at presentation was 4 years and there were six males and eight females. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom. Five patients had an acute presentation-three had distal ileal mesenteric cysts and two had ileal duplication cyst sharing a common wall with ileum. Six patients presented with chronic abdominal pain and lump-three patients had omental cysts and three had mesenteric cysts-two of these in distal ileum and one in sigmoid colon. Two patients presented with antenatally diagnosed palpable abdominal lump. One had a mesenteric cyst of the ileum and the other had a distal ileal duplication cyst which required excision with resection and anastomosis. One patient had an atypical presentation. He was a known case of sickle cell trait and had presented with vague abdominal pain, recurrent cough and multiple episodes of haemoptysis over a period of one year. At laparotomy, gastric duplication cyst was found which was excised completely. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion: Cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare and have varied presentation. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. The results and prognosis are good.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to present the short- and midterm outcomes after complete atrioventricular canal defect (CAVC) repair using a single-patch technique. Methods: This study included 30 children who underwent surgical correction of the CAVC using a single-patch technique. Results: The median age of the patients was 5.7 months (interquartile range [IQR], 5.0-7.5 months), and 23 patients (76.7%) had type A CAVC. Fourteen patients (46.7%) were female and 17 (56.7%) had been diagnosed with Down syndrome. The in-hospital mortality rate was 0%. No deaths were observed during a median follow-up of 4 years (IQR, 3.5-5.0 years). Patients without Down syndrome were associated with late moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) (p=0.02). Late MR less than moderate degree was observed in 96.6%, 78.5%, and 50% of patients after 2, 4, and 5 years of follow-up, respectively, while late tricuspid valve regurgitation less than moderate degree was observed in 96.7%, 85.9%, and 59.0% of patients after 2, 4, and 6 years of follow-up, respectively. After a median follow-up of 4 years, only one patient had required surgical repair of a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, which occurred 26 months after the first operation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for the type of CAVC, sex, Down syndrome, age, and weight revealed that the absence of Down syndrome was a risk factor for late moderate MR (MR-2) (odds ratio, 0.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.006-0.50; p=0.01). Conclusion: A single-patch technique for CAVC surgical repair is a safe method with acceptable short- and midterm results.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2024

Purpose: Although the 24-hours urinary copper excretion is useful for the diagnosis of Wilson disease (WD), there are practical difficulties in the accurate and timed collection of urine samples. The purpose of this study was to verify if the spot morning urinary Copper/Zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio could be used as a replacement parameter of 24-hours urinary copper excretion in the diagnosis of WD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June 2019 to May 2021 on 67 children over three years of age who presented with liver disease. Twenty-seven children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for WD were categorized into the test group, and the remaining forty children were considered to have non-Wilsonian liver disease and were categorized into the control group. Along with other laboratory investigations, spot morning urinary samples were estimated for the urinary Cu/Zn ratio in all patients and were compared to the 24-hour urinary copper excretion. The diagnostic value of the Cu/Zn ratio was then analyzed. Results: Correlation of spot morning urinary Cu/Zn ratio with 24-hours urinary copper excretion was found to be significant (r=0.60). The area under ROC curve with 95% confidence interval of morning urinary Cu/Zn ratio measured using 24-hours urine sample was 0.84 (standard error, 0.05; p<0.001). Conclusion: Spot morning urinary Cu/Zn ratio seems to be a promising parameter for the replacement of 24-hours urinary copper excretion in the diagnosis of WD.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

미성숙 영구 전치에서 MTA를 이용한 치근단 형성술의 예후를 평가하기 위해, 영구 전치의 외상으로 MTA를 이용한 치근단 형성술을 받은 환자 중 최소 3개월 이상의 경과 관찰이 시행된 환자 49명, 치아 64개의 의무기록과 방사선 사진을 검토하였다. 환자 정보, 치아 및 치주조직 외상 위치와 유형, 치료 전 치근단 병소 유무, 임상 증상 유무, MTA 충전 상태, 치근단 형성술 이후 치근단 병소 치유 및 치근단 경조직 장벽 형성 여부를 조사하고, 임상적, 방사선학적 성공을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 64개의 미성숙 영구전치에 시행된 MTA를 이용한 1-visit 치근단 형성술은 89.1%의 임상적 성공률과 73.4%의 방사선학적 성공률을 보였다. 2. 상악 치아와 하악 치아에 행해진 MTA를 이용한 1-visit 치근단 형성술 비교시 상악에서 유의하게 더 높은 성공률을 보였다. 3. 치아 외상 및 치주조직 외상 유형에 따른 성공률은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. MTA의 적절한 충전 여부는 성공률에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2012

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is an index lesion for all paediatric and congenital heart surgeons. In designing an appropriate operation for children with TOF, the predicted postoperative physiology must be taken into account, both for the short and long term. A favourable balance between pulmonary stenosis (PS) and pulmonary insufficiency (PI) may be critical for preservation of biventricular function. A unified repair strategy to limit both residual PS and PI is presented, along with supportive experimental evidence. A strategy for dealing with coronary anomalies and some comments regarding best timing of operation are also included.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2018

Purpose: Studies on the physiology of the transposed stomach as an esophageal substitute in the form of a gastric pull-up or a gastric tube in children are limited. We conducted a study of motility and the pH of gastric esophageal substitutes using manometry and 24-hour pH measurements in 10 such patients. Methods: Manometry and 24 hour pH studies were performed on 10 children aged 24 to 55 months who had undergone gastric esophageal replacement. Results: Six gastric tubes (4, isoperistaltic; 2, reverse gastric tubes) and 4 gastric pull-ups were studied. Two gastric tubes and 4 gastric pull-ups were transhiatal. Four gastric tubes were retrosternal. The mean of the lowest pH at the midpoint of the substitute was 4.0 (range, 2.8-5.0) and in the stomach remaining below the diaphragm was 3.3 (range, 1.9-4.2). In both types of substitute, the difference between the peak and the nadir pH recorded in the intra-thoracic and the sub-diaphragmatic portion of the stomach was statistically significant (p<0.05), with the pH in the portion below the diaphragm being lower. The lowest pH values in the substitute and in the remnant stomach were noted mainly in the evening hours whereas the highest pH was noted mainly in the morning hours. All the cases showed a simultaneous rise in the intra-cavitatory pressure along the substitute while swallowing. Conclusion: The study suggested a normal gastric circadian rhythm in the gastric esophageal substitute. Mass contractions occurred in response to swallowing. The substitute may be able to effectively clear contents.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.4158-4165
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• 2021

In this study, tissue equivalency (TE) of a newly developed epoxy-based phantom to 3-5 years child's tissue was investigated in paediatric energy range. Epoxy-based TE-phantoms were produced at different glandular/adipose (G/A) ratios of 17/83%, 31/69%, 36/64% and 10/90%. A procedure was developed in which specific amounts of boron, calcium, magnesium, sulphur compounds are mixed with epoxy resin, together with other minor substitutes. In paediatric energy range of 40-60 kV_p half-value layer (HVL) values were measured and then Hounsfield Units (HU) were determined from Computed Tomography(CT) scans taken in the X-ray energy range of 80-120kV_p. It is found that radiation absorption properties of these phantoms in terms of the measured HVL values related to linear attenuation coefficients (µ) are very well mimicking a 3 years child's soft tissue in case a ratio of 10/90%G/A. Additionally, the HU values of phantoms were determined from the CT scans. The HU = 47.8 ± 4.8 value was found for the epoxy-based phantom produced at a ratio of 10/90%G/A. The obtained HVL and HU values also support the suitability of the new epoxy based-phantom produced at a ratio of 10/90%G/A for a satisfactory mimicking a 3 years child's soft tissue by 5%. Thus they can have a potential use to perform the quality controls of medical X-ray systems and dose optimization studies.