• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.44-53
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• 2002

Injection molding process factors such as molding temperature, injection pressure, flow rate and flow velocity, must be controlled properly in filling and packing phases in the injection molding process. In this study, effects of these factors on the injection molding were investigated through the flow analysis for the filling and packing phases. Molding troubles like flow mark weld line, sink ma가 short shot and warpage car be caused by these injection molding process factors. Among them the short shot was caused by the fact that the packing pressure could not reach properly to the filling end part in the packing phase and hence the flow rate could not be supplied to the full. In addition as the flow rate for the volumetric shrinkage during the f개zen phase could not be supplied Properly by the packing pressure, the short shot appeared. Here, the volumetric shrinkage reduced with increasing the packing pressure and also the warpage of molded part increased with increasing the packing Pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.112-118
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• 2002

Injection molding process factors such as molding temperature, injection pressure, flow rate and flow velocity, must be controlled properly in filling and packing phases in the injection molding process. In this study, effects of these factors on the injection molding were investigated through the flow analysis fur the filling and packing phases. Molding troubles like flow mark, weld line, sink mark, short shot and warpage can be caused by these injection molding process factors. Among them, the short shot was caused by that the packing pressure could not reach properly to the filling end part in the packing phase and hence the flow rate could not be supplied to the full. In addition, as the flow rate for the volumetric shrinkage during the frozen phase could not be supplied properly by the packing pressure, the short shot appeared. Here, the volumetric shrinkage reduced with increasing the packing pressure and also the warpage of molded part increased with increasing the packing pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.979-985
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• 1997

The three-dimensional particle packing process is simulated using Lahey FORTRAN 90 as a programming language running on a personal computer. Particle clusters constructed with rearrangement which occurs during packing have higher average coordination number and packing density than particle clusters rearranged after packing. Rearranging particles can not completely block other particles from entering pore volume in 3-dimensional packing unlike in 2-dimensional packing. It is found that there is a region of instability where lower packing density results from the destruction of the ordered packing.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2014

The molding process can be divided into five separate steps: plastification, injection, holding, cooling, and finally ejection. In the plastic injection molding, the effect factor such as mold temperature, injection speed, packing pressure and inhomogeneous cooling under packing process affects both the article dimension and physical characteristics. Especially, the packing pressure is the most critical factor to affect molded articles quality among the packing parameters. In this paper, the CAE simulation considering the molding condition is performed to predict the faulty cause which appears in the packing process between cavities of injection molding machine. From the results of CAE simulation, the packing phenomena according to the product form and the gate position was investigated to improve the article quality and minimize the various molding defects. The effect of packing pressure and gate number on the injection molding was discussed.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.477-482
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• 2016

Airtight containers have been widely used in many industries and household. They need a packing for sealing between the inside and outside. Previous packing materials have some drawbacks like stench, stickiness, and difficulty of applying to automated manufacturing systems. So, a new packing material which is harmless and suitable for automation is needed. This study performed a hot plate welding process of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as the packing material. The hot plate welding process included a phase change process of solidification and melting. The porosity-enthalpy method was adopted in order to simulate phase change problems. The TPE showed non-Newtonian fluid characteristics during the melting process. Since properties of SEBS are not well-defined, we established TPE properties by observing the melting behavior of TPE. In order to find an optimized condition, a parametric study including packing thickness, shapes, hot plate temperature, and thermal resistance, was conducted.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.8-16
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• 2020

In this study, the vibration signal of the mold was measured and analyzed to monitoring the process time and characteristics during injection molding. A 5 inch light guide plate mold was used to injection molding and the vibration signal was measured by MPU6050 acceleration sensor module attached the surface of fixed mold base. Conditions except for injection speed and packing pressure were set to the same value and the change of the vibration signal of the mold according to injection speed and packing pressure was analyzed. As a result, the vibration signal had a large change at three points: "Injection start", "V/P switchover", and "Packing end". The time difference between "injection start" and "V/P switchover" means the injection time in the injection molding process, and the time difference between "V/P switchover" and "Packing end" means the packing time. When the injection time and packing time obtained from the vibration signal of the mold are compared with the time recorded in the injection molding machine, the error of the injection time was 2.19±0.69% and the error of the packing time was 1.39±0.83%, which was the same level as the actual value. Additionally, the amplitude at the time of "injection start" increased as the injection speed increased. In "V/P switchover", the amplitude tended to be proportional to the pressure difference between the maximum injection pressure and the packing pressure and the amplitude at the "packing end" tended to the pressure difference between the packing pressure and the back pressure. Therefore, based on the result of this study, the injection time and packing time of each cycle can be monitored by measuring the vibration signal of the mold. Also, it was confirmed that the level and trend of process variables such as the injection speed, maximum injection pressure, and packing pressure can be evaluated as the change of the mold vibration during injection molding.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to better understand the conceptual model and Stoffenmanager nano module and apply it to the synthesis and packing processes of nanomaterials. Methods: Site visits were conducted to five nanomaterial production processes. Product and exposure variables were investigated in these workplaces. Hazard banding and exposure classification of the synthesis and packing processes of nanomaterials were conducted using documents and the website of Stoffenmanager Nano. Results: The five sites featured different products, packing tasks, ventilation and local exhaust, and others. The hazards for nano-nickel and copper were classified as E. The hazards for both fumed silica and indium tin oxide were classified as D. The hazard for spherical silica was classified as C. The exposure classes in the synthesis process of nanomaterials ranged from 2 through 4. The exposure classes in the packing process of nanomaterials ranged from 1 through 4. Conclusions: Application of Stoffenmanager nano to the synthesis and packing processes of nanomaterials helped to better understand the control level of the work environment and to suggest appropriate actions. The comparison of each process showed the effect of the production process and handling of solids and ventilation on exposure class.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2013

While structured packing modules are known to be efficient for surface wetting and gas-liquid exchange in abiotic surface catalysis, this model study explores structured packing as a growth surface for catalytic biofilms. Microbial biofilms have been proposed as selfimmobilized and self-regenerating catalysts for the production of chemicals. A concern is that the complex and dynamic nature of biofilms may cause fluctuations in their catalytic performance over time or may affect process reproducibility. An aerated continuous trickle-bed biofilm reactor system was designed with a 3 L structured packing, liquid recycling and pH control. Pseudomonas diminuta established a biofilm on the stainless steel structured packing with a specific surface area of 500 $m^2m^{-3}$ and catalyzed the oxidation of ethylene glycol to glycolic acid for over two months of continuous operation. A steady-state productivity of up to 1.6 $gl^{-1}h^{-1}$ was achieved at a dilution rate of 0.33 $h^{-1}$. Process reproducibility between three independent runs was excellent, despite process interruptions and activity variations in cultures grown from biofilm effluent cells. The results demonstrate the robustness of a catalytic biofilm on structured packing, despite its dynamic nature. Implementation is recommended for whole-cell processes that require efficient gas-liquid exchange, catalyst retention for continuous operation, or improved catalyst stability.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.916-921
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• 2004

The penalty method has been widely applied to analyses of incompressible fluid flow. However, we have not yet found any prior studies that employed penalty method to analyze compressible fluid flow. In this study, with an eye on the apparent similarity between the slight compressible formulation and the penalty formulation, we have proposed a new approximate approach that can analyze compressible packing process using the penalty parameter l. Based on the assumption of the isothermal flow, a set of reference solutions was obtained to verify the validity of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, we have applied the proposed scheme to the analysis of the packing process of different cases.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 1997

We are concerned with the packing policy determines the optimal packing of products with variable sizes to minimize the penalty costs for idle space and product spliting. Optimal packing problem is closely related to the optimal packet/record sizing problem in that randomly generated data stream with variable bytes are divided into a unit of packet/record for transmitting or storing. Assuming the product size and the production period are independently determined by renewal process, we can approximate the renewal process and formulate the optimization problem that minimize the expected packing cost for a production period. The problem is divided into two cases according to whether a product is allowed to split or not. Computational results for various distributions will be given to verify the approximation procedure and the resulting optimization problem.