• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.118-119
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• 2001

일반적으로 시중에 유통되고 있는 일반통조림 제품은 조미액, 시럽, 물 등의 액즙을 함유하고 있어 이로 인해 제품의 중량의 증가, 가용성 성분의 희석, 액즙의 흡수와 팽윤으로 인한 조직감의 연화, 원료의 고유의 향기성분 손실 등과 조미액은 대부분 버리게 되므로 제품의 경제적 손실도 크다. 따라서 본 연구에는 종래의 통조림보다 가볍고, 조직감이 있으며 원료 고유의 향미를 살린 제품을 만들기 위한 기초적인 연구로 packing medium이 없는 고진공 통조림제품을 제조하여 일반통조림 제품과의 향기성분을 비교분석하였다. (중략)

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.501-506
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• 2000

A bench-scale air biofilter was evaluated for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a gas stream. Compost and peat were used as the biological attachment media. Biofilter operating parameters such as incoming VOCs concentrations, temperature, and packing materials were examined. After 26 days of acclimation periods, at 25$^{\circ}C$ and 45$^{\circ}C$, the biofilter removed more than 90% of 30 to 72 mg/㎥ of total VOC. After 40 days of operation, the concentrations of isoprene, toluene, and m-xylene were reduced to 96∼99, 91∼93, and 91∼93% of the original concentrations. VOC removal efficiency was not affected by the temperature. The medium pH was maintained near neutral (pH 6.5∼7.1). After 37 days of operation, the total bacteria count in the biofilter media increased to 1.12${\times}$10(sup)8 cells/g of medium.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1147-1155
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• 2007

The applicability of in situ biobarrier or microbial filter technology for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvent was investigated through column study. In this study, the effect of packing materials on the reductive dechlorination of PCE was investigated using Canadian peat, Pahokee peat, peat moss and vermicompost (or worm casting) as a biobarrier medium. Optimal conditions previously determined from a batch microcosm study was applied in this column study. Lactate/benzoate was amended as electron donors to stimulate reductive dechlorination of PCE. Hydraulic conductivity was approximately $6{\times}10^{-5}-8{\times}10^{-5}\;cm/sec$ and no difference was found among the packing materials. The transport and dispersion coefficients determined from the curve-fitting of the breakthrough curves of $Br^-$ using CXTFIT 2.1 showed no difference between single-region and two-region models. The reductive dechlorination of PCE was efficiently occurred in all columns. Among the columns, especially the column packed with vermicompost exhibited the highest reductive dechlorination efficiency. The results of this study showed the promising potential of in situ biobarrier technology using peat and vermicompost for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1053-1058
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• 2008

Porous medium was considered in the present study for the heat transfer enhancement. This was attributed to its high surface area to volume ratio as well as intensive flow mixing by tortuous flow passages. But when the air or water flow through in the porous medium, it is occurred the pressure drop between inlet and outlet. So in the present study investigated simulation result about the pressure drop in the porous medium before apply to heat exchanger. In this simulation, the thickness of the solid inside the porous medium region was varied 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. And then the simulation result were compared the pressure drop in the same unit cell ($0.5\;mm{\times}0.5\;mm{\times}0.5\;mm$). To make the analysis model, it was assumed the 14-sided tetrakaidecahedron cell which has long been considered the optimal packing cell first proposed by the Lord Kelvin in 1887. And then the simulation is carried out using by STAR-CCM+ which is commercial software. The simulation result can be showed quantified pressure drop by solid effect in the porous medium.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.720-725
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• 2013

When highly shrinkable materials such as coir dust are major component of root media, the degrees of compaction during container filling of root media severely influences the physical properties of root media. It results in the changes in total porosity (TP), container capacity (CC) and air-filled porosity (AFP). This research was conducted to secure the fundamental information in changes of soil physical properties as influenced by the compaction of root media during container filling. To achieve this, three root media were formulated by blending coir dust (CD) with expanded rice hull (CD + ERH, 8:2, v/v), carbonized rice hull (CD + CRH, 6:4) and ground and raw pine bark (CD + GRPB, 8:2). Based on the optimum bulk density, the amount of root media filled into 6.0, 7.5, 8.5, 10.5 and 12.5 cm were adjusted to 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130% based on the weight of root media. Then the changes in TP, CC, and AFP were measured. Elevation of the packing amount of root media in all sizes of pot resulted in the decrease of TP. But the decrease was more severe in CD + ERH and CD + CRH than those in CD + GRPB. The CC also decreased gradually as the packing amounts were elevated in three root media, but the decreases were severe as the container sizes became larger. The AFP decreased drastically by the elevation of the packing amount of root media in all sizes of pot. The AFP was the highest in CD + CRH medium when pot sizes were smaller than 7 cm, but that was the highest in CD + ERH when the pot sizes were larger than 8.5 cm among the 3 root media tested. In this research, the elevation of packing amount of three root media influenced more severely the AFP rather than CC. This result indicates that the packing amount should be controlled to maintain appropriate level of AFP because AFP rather than CC influence severely crop growth. The results obtained through this study can be used to predict the changes in physical properties of root media as influenced by packing amount in various sizes of pots.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.76-78
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• 2008

A series of the long-chain iron(II) alkylsulfonate hydrates were synthesized via self-assembly of surfactant alkyl chains in aqueous medium. Reaction of iron(II) salts with n-alkylsulfonate yields lamellar $Fe(CnH2n+1SO3)2{\cdot}4H_2O$. These compounds show a layered structure, as determined by XRD, consisting of alternating organic alkylsulfonate layers and inorganic iron(II) hydrate layers, with interlayer distances of upto 3.2 nm. This lamellar structure may be attributed to the amphiphilic nature of the surfactants, mediating the coordination and H-bionding interactions, and the hydrophobic alkyl chains. An alkyl chain packing of present system are differ from those of similar Cu(II) series, which are attributed from the size of hydrated metal(II) ions.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.558-564
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• 2013

The objective of this research was to secure the fundamental information in changes of soil physical properties as influenced by the compaction of root media during container filling. Three root media were formulated by blending peatmoss (PM) with expanded rice hull (PM + ERH, 8:2, v/v), carbonized rice hull (PM + CRH, 6:4) and ground and aged pine bark (PM + GAPB, 8:2). Based on the optimum bulk density, the amount of root media filled into 6.0, 7.5, 8.5, 10.5 and 12.5 cm were adjusted to 90, 100, 110, 120, and 130%, then the changes in total porosity (TP), container capacity (CC), and air-filled porosity (AFP) were measured. The TP decreased significantly as the packing amount of three root media were elevated in all sizes of container. The TP did not show significant differences among the root media in small sizes of containers, but showed significant differences when sizes of containers became larger. As packing amount of three root media were elevated, the CCs in all sizes of containers were decreased. The PM + CRH had the lowest CC among three root media in containers smaller than 8.5 cm, but had the highest CC in those larger than 10.5 cm. These results indicated that the decreases in CC were influenced by the sizes of containers as well as kinds of root media. The elevation of packing amount in three root media diminished significantly the AFP. The AFP in PM + GAPB medium was two times as high as those of PM + ERH or PM + CRH when equal packing densities were applied in all sizes of containers. As the container sizes became larger in three root media, the extents in decreasing of CC were distinct than those of AFP. Above results indicate that elevation in packing amount of three root media decreased significantly the TP, CC and AFP, but these were influenced differently by sizes of containers and kinds of root media. The results would be useful for expectation in the changes of physical properties in various sizes of containers filled with peatmoss based root media.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1985

These studies were carried out to obtain the materials for the establish ment of marketing standard of eggs. The data for these studies were collected from 8 collection traders, 16 whole sale traders, 12 retail stores and 6 supermarkets located at the suburbs of Seoul, Daejon, Kwangju and Busan. The weight grading of eggs was operated by egg producers and the price differences were 2-3 won by marketing channels. Most jumbo and extra-large eggs were sold for table e99s, large eggs were sold for restaurant and table eggs and medium and small eggs were sold for restaurants. Egg consumers prefer the brown shell eggs to white shell eggs in spite of higher prices by 1.5 won and most consumers trusted the egg gradings. The purchasing unit of eggs at retail store was 30 eggs, and consumers wanted 10 eggs packing. The average packing cost per 10 eggs was 10-20 won and 55-64% of consumers hoped packed eggs and most of eggs were sold within 7 days after they arrived at retail stores.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2008

Bio-filtration utilizes microorganisms fixed to a porous medium to metabolize pollutants present in an air stream. The microorganisms grow in a bio-film on the surface of a medium or are suspended in the water phase surrounding the medium particles. Therefore, bio-filter support media play one of the most important key roles in bio-filtration of gas phase pollutants. To characterize and select the appropriate support media, gas adsorption capacity and microorganism immobilization were investigated in lab-scale experiments for the selected target support media which were compost I (compost from lab-scale process), compost II (compost from municipal facility), bark, wood chip, orchid stone and vermiculite. As odor materials, ammonia and trimethylamine were utilized. From the result of experiments, bark was superior to any other support media tested in adsorption capacity as much as 12.5 mg ammonia per 1 g bark. In trimethylamine adsorption, bark and wood chip showed a remarkable results of 21.1 and 14.1 mg/g respectively. On the other hand, microorganism fixation test determined by the count of nitrogen oxidizing microbes population, the compost II and wood chips showed the best results. Considering the characteristics of materials and the operating condition of the bio-filter, bark, wood chip, and compost II are applicable to the support media of bio-filter when they are appropriately blended on the basis of studying the media pH, packing porosity and moisture contents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2002

The advantages of the OPS techniques(Vajta G et al, Mol Reprod Dev 51: 53-58,1998) give 1) high survival rates of various types of eggs, 2) quick and simple process, 3) inexpensive equipment and reduced chilling injury. The efficiency of IVM/IVF technique in the porcine species is relatively lower than that obtained in other species such as ruminants. Two experiments were designed to investigate the effects of in-vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes matures using different OPS protocol for chilling and warming of vitrification. Porcine oocytes from ovaries collected at abattoir were matured for 44 hours in TCM199 Earle's salt supplemental with pyruvate, pff, L-cysteine, hormones and gentamycin. Oocytes were denuded and fertilized with frozen boar semen by common method. Porcine embryos produced routinely by in-vitro culture system of NCSU23 medium. The vitrification and the warming were conducted by OPS method with the glass micropipette instead of straw vessels and modified the protocol of G.Vajta(1999). In Exp 1, Chilling/Warming:Holding Medium(HM)+EG+DMSO/HM +sucrose Medium(SM) at 39$^{\circ}C$ warm stage. In Exp 2, : PBS+CS+EG+Ficoll+ Trehalose/PBS+Trehalose at 25$^{\circ}C$ stage. Filling, freezing, packing, thawing out and further culturing were performed to follow the basic protocol of G Vajta. During IVM-lVC and post-warming, fertilization parameter and developmental potential were compared to and statistically analysed. It was not significantly different from Exp 1 and Exp 2 but 25$^{\circ}C$ of stage was slightly higher on the morula/blastocyst forming rate and better atmosphere for worker than that at 39$^{\circ}C$ stage.