• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to better understand the conceptual model and Stoffenmanager nano module and apply it to the synthesis and packing processes of nanomaterials. Methods: Site visits were conducted to five nanomaterial production processes. Product and exposure variables were investigated in these workplaces. Hazard banding and exposure classification of the synthesis and packing processes of nanomaterials were conducted using documents and the website of Stoffenmanager Nano. Results: The five sites featured different products, packing tasks, ventilation and local exhaust, and others. The hazards for nano-nickel and copper were classified as E. The hazards for both fumed silica and indium tin oxide were classified as D. The hazard for spherical silica was classified as C. The exposure classes in the synthesis process of nanomaterials ranged from 2 through 4. The exposure classes in the packing process of nanomaterials ranged from 1 through 4. Conclusions: Application of Stoffenmanager nano to the synthesis and packing processes of nanomaterials helped to better understand the control level of the work environment and to suggest appropriate actions. The comparison of each process showed the effect of the production process and handling of solids and ventilation on exposure class.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.2355-2363
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• 2002

The accompanying paper, Part 1, has presented the physical modeling and basic numerical analysis results of both the flow-induced and thermally-induced residual stress and birefringence in injection molded center gated disks. The present paper, Part II, has attempted to investigate the effects of various processing conditions of injection/compression molding process on the residual stress and birefringence. The birefringence is significantly affected by injection melt temperature, packing pressure and packing time. Birefringence in the shell layer increases as melt temperature gets lower. The inner peak of birefringence increases with packing time and packing pressure. On the other hand, packing pressure, packing time and mold wall temperature affect the thermally-induced residual stress rather significantly in the shell layer, but insignificantly in the core region. Injection/compression molding has been found to reduce the birefringence in comparison with the conventional injection molding process. In particular, mold closing velocity and initial opening thickness in the compression stage of injection/compression molding process have significant effect on the flow-induced birefringence, but not on tile thermal residual stress and the thermally induced birefringence.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.203-207
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to find out the effects of packing methods on shelf-life and hy-giene of breast and thigh meats in chicken. The carcass weights were about 1.6 kg per bird, and chilled by air spray method. The breast and thigh meats were packed by either vacuum or atmosphere packing methods. Samples were analyzed at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk after quick freezing at -45˚C for 35 min. Regardless of packing method. The thiobarbituric acid(TBA) values of thigh meats after 1 wk of storage were higher than those of breast meats. The TBA values of both treatments were increased as storage period extended. In addition, the TBA values of vacuum packed meats were lower than those of atmosphere packed meats. The VBN(volatile basic nitrogen) values, regardless of packing method, at 1 wk of storage were higher than those of breast meats. The VBN contents of breast and thigh meats after 16 wk of storage increased markedly, but failed to show significant difference between the two packaging methods. Total plate counts of breast and thigh meats were increased gradually as storage period extended, and the total plate count of breast meat was higher than that of thigh meat. The coliform bacteria were not detected until 16 wk after storage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.4 s.21
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• pp.53-57
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• 2003

This study was carried out in order to develop brand and packing design for agricultural products of Dangjin County. Current packing designs such as rice packs, cucumber box, sweet potato box, apple box and kimchi pack were collected from agricultural cooperatives in Dangjin area. For those packing designs, corporate identity(CI) clinic was conducted and the results obtained were as follows: There are varieties of names, colors, fonts, and sizes far the same items, so that consumers could not easily find and understand those CIs of agricultural products in Dangjin County. Among others, those packages are needed CI clinic such as the packages of Dangjin apple(Song-ak Agricultural Cooperative), Dangjin sweet potato(Seok-moon A. C.) and rice(Daehoji A. C., Shinpyeong A. C.). However, the packing design of Hyang-chae-bang Kimchi is evaluated as good design. For CI clinic, it is desirable to develop unique and united brand name and simple design for the packages such as the case of 'Anseong-Matzum' of Anseong City, which is unique and united brand name with simple design enhancing synergy effect for agricultural marketing.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

The effect of packing methods on the green powder tea were investigated by examining quality changes during cold stroage. Packing was performed with aluminum packs having an antioxidant and a wateiproofing agent in vacuum Alumiunum packing with treatment or not showed little changes till 2 months but after this period remarkable quality degradation were found in total nitrogen, total amino acids, tannin, caffeine, chlorophyll and fatty acids. The color changes of gieeness were -16.43 in one month and -10.11 in five months, respectively. Alumininum packing in vacuum was showed extention of storage period above one month.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of functional packing materials on vase life and quality of Lilium Oriental hybrid 'Le Reve' and Rosa hybrida 'Fire King'. Lily and rose were stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ for two days after packing of 25% calcium or 36% wax coated package. When Lilium Oriental hybrid 'Le Reve' was stored in $5^{\circ}C$ after packing of 36% wax coated package, vase life and maintenance of freshness were improved by two days. But when Rosa hybrida 'Fire King' was stored in $5^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$after packing of 25% calcium or 36% wax coated package, vase life and maintenance of freshness were not as effective as Lily. In our opinion, functional package seems useful in the storage of cut lily.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.852-856
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• 1998

Effects of packing materials on the pressure fluctuations in a fluidized bed have been analysed using statistical method to interpret fluidized bed behavior. The experiments were carried out in a fluidized bed of 6.7cm - ID, and the experimental variables were particle size and its distributions, fluidizing velocity, aspect ratio, and packing materials, etc. Screen packings are used as packing material, the properties of the pressure fluctuations in the fluidized bed were measured by a differential pressure transducer. The measured properties for the pressure fluctuations were the mean, the standard deviation, and the major frequency of the power spectral density functions, etc. The standard deviations of the pressure fluctuations have been slightly affected in the radial directions of fluidized bed, and almost constant in axial directions the height above 4.5cm of the distributor of fuidized bed without packing materials. The major frequency decreased with increaing packing size, whereas it showed maximum at 10% of packing materials. It has been found that the standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations can effectively explain the fluidized phenomena, and the packing materials severely affected the properties of the pressure fluctuations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 2006

A flexile fiber filter developed in Korea was operated to evaluate the effect of packing density and filtration velocity on particle removal. The pilot-scale fiber filter with 40 cm of diameter and 2 m of height was packed with polyamide fibers of which mean diameter was approximately 0.93 mm. While the filtration velocity was maintained at 325 m/hr, the particle removal efficiency was compared with various of packing density from $70kg/m^3\;to\;100kg/m^3$. On the contrary, when the packing density was maintained at $70kg/m^3$, the particle removal efficiency was examined with various filtration velocity from 65 m/hr to 400 m/hr. The filtration pressure increased with the packing-density increase. Below $80kg/m^3$ of packing density, the removal efficiencies of turbidity ad SS were less than 30% and 50%, respectively. At $100kg/m^3$ of packing density, the removal efficiencies of them were nearly 45% and 60% respectively. The filtration pressure increased with the filtration-velocity increase. A better removal efficiency was obtained at a lower filtration velocity, removal efficiency of them were 73% at 65 m/hr. Consequently, The filtration velocity was the more important factor to enhance the particle removal efficiency compared with the packing density in fiber filter.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2008

In this study, we used hybrid module that was composed of packing granular activated carbon (GAC) between module inside and outside of ceramic microfiltration membrane for advanced drinking water treatment. Instead of natural organic matters (NOM) and fine inorganic particles in natural water source, synthetic water was prepared with humic acid and kaolin. Packing fraction of GAC was changed from 0 to 24.05% to see effect of packing fraction. As a result, changing curves of resistance of membrane fouling ($R_f$) and permeate flux (J) during 3 h operation were almost overlapped independent of packing fraction of GAC. Treatment efficiencies of turbidity were very high above 99.46% at all packing fractions of GAC. And treatment efficiency of NOM, which was measured by $UV_{254}$ absorbance, was the highest value of 99.43% at packing fraction of 24.05%. Then, we operated the hybrid process during 13 h at packing fraction of 24.05%. As a result, J was rapidly dropped according to increase of membrane fouling within initial 1 h of operation, and almost constant after 3 h. And treatment efficiencies of turbidity and NOM were stable and high values of 99.52% and 96.63%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.317-322
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• 2000

This study examined the effect of nitrogen$(N_2)$ gas packing and ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ treatment on the shelf life of Yukwa(Korean traditional snack). Yukwa were stored with $N_2$ gas packing(AN), $N_2$ gas packing with ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ treatment(ANA), and PE film packing with air(PE) for 20 days at $60^{\circ}C$. They were evaluated by POV, AV, conjugated diene, hexanal, color and sensory characteristics. The POV, AV and conjugated diene content increased abruptly in PE and AN, but increased slowly in ANA with prolonged storage. Higher sensory scores for Yukwa were found in ANA as compared to those in PE and AN. Hexanal content, yellowness and redness in AN were higher than those in ANA and PE. The moisture content, which is supposed to be related with browning of Yukwa, was 3 times higher in AN than that in PE. Oxygen content of each Yukwa pack, even in $N_2$ gas packing, increased remarkably as storage period increased because their highly porous, fragile and syrup-coated structure resulted in incomplete degassing before $N_2$ gas was flushed into package. Consequently, $N_2$ gas packing was inefficient, but $N_2$ gas packing combined with antioxidant(such as ${\gamma}-oryzanol$) treatment was effective for the extension of shelf life of Yukwa.