• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2021

Currently, due to COVID-19, household waste has a lot of impact on the environment due to packaging of food delivery. In this paper, we design and implement Faster-RCNN, SSD, and YOLOv4 models for municipal waste detection and classification. The data set explores two types of plastics, which account for a large proportion of household waste, and the types of aluminum cans. To classify the plastic type and the aluminum can type, 1,083 aluminum can types and 1,003 plastic types were studied. In addition, in order to increase the accuracy, we compare and evaluate the loss value and the accuracy value for the detection of municipal waste classification using Faster-RCNN, SDD, and YoloV4 three models. As a final result of this paper, the average precision value of the SSD model is 99.99%, the average precision value of plastics is 97.65%, and the mAP value is 99.78%, which is the best result.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2002

플라스틱 포장재는 소비자들이 생각하는 것보다 환경에 미치는 영향이 적으나 플라스틱 제조업체들에게는 플라스틱 폐기물을 위한 재활용시장을 어떻게 활용화하는가는 매우 중요하다. 이것을 위하여 정부는 충분한 규모의 재활용시장을 키워나갈 수 있도록 MRF 등 각종 설비를 지원해야 하며 성공적인 재활용정책을 개발해야 한다. 경제적이고 다양한 재활용기술이 소개되고 있지만 이것은 반드시 잘 정비된 재활용정책이 우선되어야 성공할 수 있다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

The packaging with environment-friendly materials become more important issue since the concern for the environment and the disposal of waste such as the packaging materials has increased. Although the paper based packaging such as corrugated box are widely used as a typical environment-friendly packaging stuff, the heat insulation properties of paper packaging did not get many attention. In this study, the heat insulation properties of paper were deeply evaluated to improve the functional properties as packaging material of the cold storage goods. The simple device for evaluating the heat insulation of paper product was developed. Subsequently, the changes in the heat insulation depending on the paper structure and the addition of the inorganic fillers were investigated by using the instrument. The higher basis weight and the less beating time resulted in the bulkier structure and the less efficiency of heat transfer. The addition of the perlite powder as a filler resulted in the great increase in the heat insulation, although the addition of the calcium carbonate decreased the heat insulation potential of paper.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 가을학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.73-74
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• 2023

In this paper, the characteristics of soil concrete were examined using industrial waste red mud and construction waste circulating aggregate, and if unit cement of 250 kg/m³, it can be used as a soil packaging material by meeting the compressive strength standards for parking lots of SPS-KSCICO-001-2006:2020.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2022

The growth of e-commerce market requires more delivery packagings, which protect goods from the damage factors on the delivery. In this study, we have analyzed the distribution environment data (vibration and impact) measured in previous study and compared with global standards (ISTA, ASTM), so that we developed the testing method for Field-to-Lab simulation suitable to the domestic delivery. In order to verify the efficacy of this method, we took the Field-to-Lab tests for 3 packaged products (detergents set, glass tableware set, small furniture), which has been frequent breakages or damages on the actual delivery by e-commerce order, so that we could find out the test results were similar to those of the actual delivery occasions. In addition, we could perform redesign and improvement of the parcel delivery packagings for safe transportation by taking this Field-to-Lab test repeatedly. This test methods was finally proposed to be Korean industrial standard (KS), and is expected to be useful as a designing tool for the packaging optimization between protecting goods and reducing packaging waste.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2023

During the operation of a nuclear power plant (NPP), the generation of radioactive waste, including dry active waste (DAW), concentrates, spent resin, and filters, mandates the implementation of appropriate disposal methods to adhere to Korea's waste acceptance criteria (WAC). In this context, this study investigates the potential use of polymer concrete (PC) as a high-integrity container (HIC) material for solidifying and packaging these waste materials. PC is a versatile composite material comprising binding polymers, aggregates, and additives, known for its exceptional strength and chemical stability. A comprehensive analysis of PC's long-term integrity was conducted in this study. First, its compressive strength, which is crucial for ensuring the structural stability of HICs over extended periods, was evaluated. Subsequently, the resilience of PC was tested under various stress conditions, including biological, radiological, thermal, and chemical stressors. The findings of this study indicate that PC exhibits remarkable long-term properties, demonstrating exceptional stability even when subjected to diverse stressors. The results therefore underscore the potential viability of PC as a reliable material for constructing high-integrity containers, thus contributing to the safe and sustainable management of radioactive waste in NPPs.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2017

적정포장설계는 포장 원자재 사용량 및 폐기물 발생량뿐만 아니라 재료비 및 물류비 절감이 가능하여 포장재의 환경성과 경제성을 모두 충족시킨다. 유한요소해석은 구조해석, 열전달, 유체운동, 전자기 등 다양한 분야에 유용한 도구로 적용되고 있지만, 포장분야에서는 그 적용이 미비하다. 이에 따라 포장분야에 유한요소해석 적용은 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션으로 포장 설계가 가능하기 때문에 향후 연구에 있어 비용과 시간 절약이 가능하며 적정포장설계를 통해 포장 폐기물과 물류비 절감이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 향후 포장분야에서 유한요소해석(FEM) 프로그램을 활용한 연구 설계에 도움이 되고자 하는 목적으로 국내에서 발표된 유한요소해석 관련 논문을 조사하였다. 1991년부터 2017년까지의 국내 학술지 및 학위논문에 게재된 유한요소해석 관련 논문 중 포장과 직접적인 연관성이 있다고 판단된 32편의 논문을 분석하여 연구의 동향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 각 논문을 사용한 연구주제 및 내용, 유한요소해석 프로그램, 해석방법 등으로 분석하고 향후 포장분야에 활용할 수 있는 방향에 대하여 제시하였다. 포장 영역에 유한요소해석의 적용은 포장재에 가해지는 응력 및 진동해석을 통해 구조변경 및 두께 감량을 가능하게 하고 이에 따라 기계적 강도 향상 및 포장소재 사용량 감소를 통해 적정포장설계로 원가 절감이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 향후 포장 분야의 연구에 있어, 유한요소해석을 함께 병행한다면 경제적이고 합리적인 포장 설계를 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to quantify and compare the kind and amount of solid waste generated in two school foodservice operations located in urban and rural areas. A waste stream analysis was conducted to quantify and characterize the kind of waste in the production and service parts of each operation. The SPSS 10.0 for window was used for data analysis. Non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney) was adopted to determine if significant differences exist in amounts of waste generated in the urban school and the rural school. An average of 415 meals, including 43 adult meals, were served daily in the urban school, while an average of 177 meals, including 24 adult meals, were served daily in the rural school. Food waste generated in the production part in the urban school composed approximately 87% and 45%, while that in the rural school composed 71% and 28% by weight and volume, respectively. Waste per meal was not significantly different between the urban school and the rural school in the production part except the cardboard waste. The total waste per meal at lunch was 154g or 465m1 in the urban school and 51g or 334m1 in the rural school. Students in the urban school discarded significantly more food waste and milk than students in the rural school did. The research results suggest that school foodservice dietitians should evaluate the acceptability of menu items based on food waste per meal, and assess the feasibility of implementing a plan for recycling packaging waste and composting organic waste.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2020

The plastic waste problem is deepening all over the world. Plastic wastes have serious impacts on our lives as well as environ- mental pollution. The production and use of plastics increases every year, but once they are produced, they usually roam the earth for hundreds or thousands of years to pollute the environment. Although there is growing interest in plastic issues around the world and environmental regulations are being tightened, but no clear solution has yet been found. This study suggests Environmental degradation index (EDI). EDI can help raise consumers' attention to plastic wastes. In addition, EDI will contribute to reduce them in the future. As far as we know, this is the first study. We developed EDI for the confectionery packaging. This study defines four factors that may affect the environment of confectionery packaging: greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, methane emissions, and packaging space ratio. Then we quantify the value of each element and compute EDI as the sum of the four component values. In order to evaluate the feasibility of EDI proposed in this study, confectionery-packaging materials distributed in Korea were collected and analyzed. First, the types of confectionery are classified into pies, biscuits, and snacks and basic data was collected. Then the values of the four components were calculated using existing research data on the environment. We can use the proposed EDI to determine how much a product packing affects the environment.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

Paper packaging materials are essential in protection and transportation of commercial or industrial products. Raw materials for packaging paper production are mainly obtained from various grades of waste paper. For this reason, the recycled fibers from waste paper would probably have possibility of containing heavy metals. This study was focused on the development of optimum pre-treatment method for the quantitative analysis of mercury. The optimum pre-treatment for open digestion system were obtained at the treatment conditions of acid combination with $HNO_3/HCl/H_2O_2$ or $HNO_3/H_2SO_4$ at $80^{\circ}C$. The optimum pre-treatment conditions in closed digestion system were determinated by the acid combination with $HNO_3/HCl/H_2O_2/HF$ in microwave at 320 W for 20 min. The recovery rate in open digestion system was 85~94% and in closed digestion system was indicated as about 100%. Therefore, the closed system is superior than the open system in pre-treatment method for the quantitative analysis of mercury, and the detected mercury contents in the sample of KOCC, AOCC and kraft sack paper were measured below 1 ppm.