• Carbon letters
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2003

In this study, densified 4D carbon/carbon composites were made from carbon fiber and coal tar pitch through the process of pressure impregnation and carbonization and then followed by carbonization and graphitization. To improve the oxidative resistance of the prepared carbon/carbon composites, the surface of carbon/carbon composites was coated on SiC by the pack cementation method. The SiC coated layer was created by depending on the constitution of pack powder, and reaction time of pack-cementation. The morpology of crystalline and texture of these SiC coated carbon/carbon composites were investigated by XRD, SEM/EDS observation. So the coating mechanism of pack-cementation process was proposed. The oxidative res istance were observed through the air oxidation test, and then the optimal condition of pack cementation was found by them. Besides, the oxidative mechanism of SiC formed was proposed through the observation of SiC coated surface, which was undergone by oxidation test.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.13-14
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• 2000

• Carbon letters
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

The pack-cementation process is the method which is formed SiC coating layer to improve weak oxidation properties of CFRCs (carbon fiber-reinforced carbons). This method develops the anti-oxidation coating layer having no dimensional changes and good wetting properties. In this study to improve the oxidative resistance of the prepared 4D CFRCs, the surface of CFRCs is coated by SiC using pack cementation method. The mechanical properties of SiC-coated 4D CFRCs are measured by the 3-point bending test, and their ablation properties are investigated by the arc torch plasma test. From the results, it is found that both mechanical and ablation properties of SiC-coated 4D CFRCs are much better than bare CFRCs.

• Composites Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2000

탄소/탄소 복합재는 고온에서의 우수한 물성에도 불구하고, 산화에 대한 취약한 성질로 인하여 많은 분야에서 사용에 제약을 받고 있다. 그러므로 탄소/탄소 복합재의 산화안정성을 향상시키기 위해서 수많은 연구가 수행되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고온에서 보다 개선된 물성과 높은 산화안정성을 부여하고, 타 도포물질과 비교해서 낮은 열팽창계수의 차이를 보이는 탄화규소를 Pack-Cementation 방법으로 4방향성 탄소/탄소 복합재에 도포하였다. 제작된 탄화규소로 도포된 탄소/탄소 복합재는 광학현미경의 관찰을 통하여 도포기구를 추정하였으며, 산화시험을 통하여 개선된 산화안정성을 조사하였다. 그리고 여러 시험을 종합 ·분석하여 도포공정의 최적의 반응조건을 연구하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.167-180
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• 1993

Pack cementation법을 이용하여 한국과학기술연구원에서 개발한 세계 최강의 고운 단조용 초내열합금인 KM 1557에 내산화성이 우수한 알루미나이드 코팅층 제조시 코팅처리 변수들이 코팅층의 형성과정에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 알루미나이드 코팅처리는 pure 알루미늄 분말을 사용한 high-activity process와 Codep 합금분말을 사용한 low-activity process로 나누어 실시하였다. High-activity process의 경우 활성제의 종류와 첨가량 및 알루미늄의 첨가량에 따라 알루미늄의 증착속도와 알루미나이드 코팅층의 형성속도 및 단면조직은 큰 영향을 받는다. Low-activity process의 경우 알루미늄의 증착속도와 알루미나이드 코팅층의 형성속도 및 단면조직은 활성제의 종류에 전혀 영향을 받지 않으며 단조 활성제의 첨가량에 영향을 받는다. 그러나 활성제의 종류에 따라 코팅층의 표면조직의 결정립 크기가 달라진다. 알루미늄의 활동도에 관계없이 알루미늄의 증착속도는 시간의 평방근에 비례하며, 활성제의 종류에 따라 parabolic rate constants인 $K_p$값이 달라진다. High-activity process의 경우 알루미늄 증착에 필요한 활성화에너지는 활성제의 종류에 따라 달라지나, low-activity process의 경우 활성제의 종류에 관계없이 알루미늄의 증착에 필요한 활성화에너지는 약 12~14 Kcal/mole 정도의 값이 된다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1995

A theoretical model which combines gaseous transport and solid state diffusion was used to study aluminide coating process by pack cementation. The aluminide coatings were applied in the high activity pack containing $NH_4Cl$ activator with Ni substrate under argon atmosphere. On the basis of the process conditions, the suggested model allows the surface composition, the growth rate of coating layers and the aluminium concentration profiles in coatings to be calculated. In the case of $NH_4Cl$ activator, careful consideration was required in the analysis, because activator contains nitrogen and hydrogen as well as halogen element to activate the pack. A good agreement is obtained between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2006

Incoloy alloy 909 is an Fe-Ni-Co based superalloy that is attractive for gas turbine engine applications. The absence of chromium, however, makes the alloy more susceptible to oxidation in high temperature. To improve the oxidation resistance aluminizing was performed by high activity low temperature pack cementation process. Aluminizing condition was examined with different times and temperatures. Optimum aluminizing conditions were at the temperature of $552^{\circ}C$ for 20 hrs. In the optimized condition, the thickness of the aluminized layer was about $20{\mu}m$. Also, the aluminized layer made the alloy to increase the resistance to the corrosion.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.653-657
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• 2012

In this study, a molybdenum disilicide ($MoSi_2$) coating process was investigated by hydrogen reduction and Si-pack cementation. At first, the metallic Mo coating was carried out by hydrogen reduction of $MoO_3$ powder at $750^{\circ}C$ for various holding times (1, 2, 3 h) in hydrogen atmosphere. A $4.3{\mu}m$ thick metallic molybdenum thin film was formed at 3 h. $MoSi_2$ was obtained by Si-pack cementation on molybdenum thin film through hydrogen reduction processing. It was carried out using $Si:Al_2O_3:NH_4Cl=5:92:3$ (wt%) packs at $900^{\circ}C$ for various holding times (30, 60, 90 min) in Ar atmosphere. When the holding time was 90 min, a $MoSi_2$ layer was coated successfully and a $15.4{\mu}m$ thickness was observed.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2007

An Fe-Ni-Co based superalloy Incoloy 909 (Incoloy 909) has been used for gas turbine engine component material. This alloy is susceptible to high temperature oxidation and corrosion because of the absence of corrosion resistant Cr. For the improvement of durability of the component of Incoloy 909 aluminizing-chromate coating by pack cementation process has been investigated at relatively low temperature of about $550^{\circ}C$ to protect the surface microstructure and properties of Incoloy 909 substrate. As a previous study to aluminizing-chromate coating by pack cementation of Incoloy 909, the optimal aluminizing process has been investigated. The size effects of source Al powder and inert filler $Al_O_3$ powder and activator selection have been studied. And the dependence of coating growth rate on aluminizing temperature and time has also been studied. The optimal aluminizing process for the coating growth rate is that the mixing ratio of source Al powder, activator $NH_4Cl$ and filler $Al_O_3$ are 80%, 1% and 19% respectively at aluminizing temperature $552^{\circ}C$ and time 20 hours.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the reaction temperature and $AlCl_3$ content on the aluminide coating formation on Ni-based superalloy IN713C in CVD process and to compare its throwing power with that of Pack Cementation process. Aluminide coating was formed by CVD in hot-wall stainless tube reactor from an $AlCl_3-H_2$ mixture in the temperature range $850{\sim}1050^{\circ}C$. At reaction temperature $850^{\circ}C$, the coating thickness and the content of aluminium at the surface were increased as $AlCl_3$ heating temperature was raised. At reaction temperature $1050^{\circ}C$, they were not influenced by the variation of $AlCl_3$ heating temperature. When $AlCl_3$ heating temperature was fixed $125^{\circ}C$, the phases of the coatings were varied from $Ni_2Al_3$ to Al-rich NiAl and to Ni-rich NiAl with the reaction temperature. Therefore, in this study the reaction temperature has been found to be a major factor in determining the phase formed in CVD process. The throwing power of CVD was superior to that of Pack Cementation.