• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

For test on flooring board laminated with PVC decoration materials in order to replace the current surface materials such as HPL in decoration wood-based flooring board. the Results of comparison and analysis are as follows: For thermal conductivity, flooring board decorated with PVC did not show huge differences when temperature was rising and lowering compared to the flooring materials laminated with the existing HPL surface materials. It seems the most meaningful results for using it as indoor flooring materials. That is, in Korea where there is the culture focusing on ondol heating, use amount of heat energy and efficiency of flooring materials are very important and sensitive issues, involving immediately with household economy of final consumers, and it might be a criteria to judge basic performances required as flooring materials. As a result of the analysis on mandatory durability test items such as abrasion resistance, absorption width expansion rate, impact resistance, surface hardness, and impact absorption for flooring materials, compared to flooring board laminated with general HPL surface decoration materials, decoration wood-based flooring board laminated with PVC surface decoration materials which is higher abrasion resistance with smaller transformation and has better durability and impact absorption of the surface, is available for actual application as indoor flooring board, and for replacing surface decoration materials impregnated with heat-hardened resion such as HPL.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.544-552
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• 2006

본 논문은 소형챔버법을 이용해 바닥재 종류에 따른 방출농도특성을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 환경학적 관심사가 높은 개별 휘발성유기화합물(VOC) 및 총휘발성유기화합물(TVOC)을 측정대상물질로 선정하여 HPLC 및 GC/MSD를 이용하여 분석하였다. 바닥재에서 방출된 TVOC 및 포름알데히드(HCHO)의 평균방출농도는 각각 $0.3mg/m^2{\cdot}h$와 $0.2mg/m^2{\cdot}h$로 나타났으며 37개 바닥재 모두 방출기준을 만족하는 것으로 조사되었다. TVOC 방출농도는 PVC Sheet, PVC Tile, 마루 순으로 나타났으며, 반면 HCHO 방출농도는 PVC 계열보다 마루 제품에서 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.354-363
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• 2018

We examined the levels of brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) including polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and phthalates in indoor dusts in residential houses in Korea, and their distribution patterns depending on building characteristics. Mean concentrations of phthalate esters ($1,825{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) were significantly higher than that of BFRs (PBDE: $1,332ng\;g^{-1}$, HBCDs: $459ng\;g^{-1}$, and TBBPA: $213ng\;g^{-1}$), indicating more frequent use of phthalate-containing products such as PVC flooring in the Korean houses. PVC flooring house was associated with higher concentrations of DEHP (p = 0.001) and BBP (p = 0.012), indicating that exposure to phthalate was higher in the PVC flooring house. Building age was significantly related with levels of PBDEs especially BDE-47 (p = 0.062), BDE-203 (p = 0.007), DEHP (p = 0.004), and BBP (p = 0.070), respectively, indicating that older buildings can produce higher amounts of PBDEs and phthalates. Our study can provide important information on the sources of BFRs and phthalates in residential houses in Korea.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2023

This study investigates the application of nano-composite materials in physical education, specifically focusing on improving the performance of sports hall flooring. The research centers on carbon nanotube reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites, which offer enhanced mechanical properties and durability. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes as reinforcements in the PVC matrix provides notable benefits, including increased strength, improved thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and resistance to fatigue. The key parameters examined in this study are the weight percentage of carbon nanotubes and the temperature during the fabrication process. Through careful analysis, it is found that higher weight percentages of carbon nanotubes contribute to a more uniform dispersion within the PVC matrix, resulting in improved mechanical properties. Additionally, higher fabrication temperatures aid in repairing macroscopic defects, leading to enhanced overall performance. The findings of this study indicate that the utilization of carbon nanotube reinforced PVC composites can significantly enhance the strength and durability of sports hall flooring. By employing these advanced materials, the safety and suitability of physical education environments can be greatly improved. Furthermore, the insights gained from this research can contribute to the optimization of composite material design and fabrication techniques, not only in the field of physical education but also in various industries where composite materials find applications.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2023

Currently, polymer matrix nanocomposites (PMCs) are a prominent area of research due to their outstanding mechanical, thermal, and durability properties. The increase in recent studies justifies the possibility of using PMCs in structural retrofitting and reconstruction of damaged infrastructure and serving as new structural material. Using nanotechnology, nanocomposite panels in flooring combine concrete and steel, providing a very high level of performance. In sports flooring, high-performance concrete has become a challenge for reducing sports injuries and refinement in rehabilitation. As a composite material, this type of resistant concrete is one of the most durable and complex multi-phase materials. This article uses polyvinyl alcohol polymer (PVC) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as concrete matrix fillers. Solution methods have been used for dispersing PVC and carbon nanotubes in concrete. The water-cement ratio, carbon nanotube weight ratio, and heat treatment parameters influenced the concrete nanocomposite's tensile and compressive strength. The dispersion of carbon nanotubes in cement paste and the observation of nano-microcracks in concrete was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2009

Since the seventies and the oil crisis, energy-saving measures have led to a reduction in the ventilation of room. The use of synthetic materials which emit various chemical substances had led to an increase in the concentration of indoor pollutants. "Sick building syndrome (SBS)" and "Sick house syndrome (SHS)" are worldwide problems. Also, the number of complaints about indoor air pollution caused by VOCs (Volatile organic compound) and HCHO (Formaldehyde) has increased. It is important that evaluating and understanding emission of indoor air pollutant from building materials. The object of this study was to evaluate emission test method for flooring such as wood based flooring, carpet tile, rubber tile, PVC sheet and tile, and to determine emission of TVOC and form-aldehyde. The quantity of TVOC and carbonyl compounds emission were sampled and measured by Tenax TA and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MSD), 2,4-DNPH cartrige with ozone scrubber and high performance liquid from flooring. The TVOC concentration emitted from carpet tile was ($7.419\;mg/m^2 h$) the highest among 5 groups of test materials. In wood based flooring and PVC tile, the emitted concentration of toluene was high. And the dodecane emission was highest in carpet. The concentration of TVOC decreased by an increase in emission test period. After 7 days, the concentration of TVOC from floorings were about 50% below of the concentration at the first day. TVOC emission from wood based flooring, carpet tile, rubber tile, PVC sheet and tile were decreased in 28 days and remained steady after about 15 days. The concentration of formaldehyde emission from floorings showed extremely low.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

At present, the elderly population in Korea is 14% of the total population and then We has entered an the society of advanced age. Along with this, elderly people with dementia and palsy are also increasing. The demand for elderly nursing homes for elderly people with severe diseases such as dementia and stroke is also increasing, and the existing buildings are being secured by Conversion of existing buildings. However, it is difficult to evacuate and fire due to the out of date of buildings by Conversion of existing buildings. For example, there is a fire in the Indukukwon, Pohang City and Hyosung Geriatric Hospital, Jangseong in Korea, which have changed the use of existing buildings. Many elderly people died in a night fire. It was because of the sandwich panel walls and PVC flooring material produced toxic gas instantly. In this study, we investigated the nursing home that changing the use and established fire prevention of human injury and countermeasure of evacuation. First, the sandwich panels which leading to deaths due to the toxic gas were installed in most nursing home. We recommend the RC, the masonry wall, and the glass fiber panel instead of the sandwich panels, In addition, the PVC flooring is most used in nursing home, the flooring material is considered such as the building stones, the tile, and the yellow soil closing instead of the PVC flooring. Second, we investigated the installation status of fire fighting equipment. As a result, the automatic-emergency open&shut equipment, the smoke ventilator and the evacuation slide were rarely installed. In order to secure the golden time in case of fire and to prevent the asphyxia caused by the toxic gas, the law should be amended to install the equipment.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 건물 실내에서 주로 사용되고 있는 합판, 실내 마감용 목재(루바; 소나무), 압축 스티로폼 단열재, 강화마루 및 PVC 장판 5 종류의 연소가스 유해성을 분석하였다. 연소가스의 유해성 분석은 Naval Engineering Standard(NES) 713 규격 및 미국국방성 규격(MIL-DTL)을 적용하였다. $CO_2$의 방출량은 5종의 내장재 모두 NES 713 규격 한계치인 100,000 ppm을 초과하지 않았다. CO 방출량의 경우 압축 스티로폼 단열재가 6,098 ppm으로 규격 한계치인 4,000 ppm을 초과하는 값을 나타내었다. 포름알데히드는 PVC 장판과 압축 스티로폼 단열재에서 각각 25 ppm, 49 ppm 방출되었다. $NO_X$는 합판에서 955 ppm으로 가장 높은 양이 방출되었으며, 규정 한계치 250 ppm에 비하여 높은 값으로 나타났다. 독성 지수는 합판 5.19, PVC 장판 4.13, 압축 스티로폼 단열재가 2.35, 강화마루 2.34, 그리고 실내 마감용 목재 1.22로 산출되었다. 본 연구에서는 화재 시 발생되는 연소가스 측정 및 유해가스 농도를 확인하여, 향후 건축 내장재의 화재 안전성을 평가하기 위한 기초 데이터로 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.171-172
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• 2017

There is some recognition that Decoration Wood-based Flooring Board in Korea is a material that inhibits the heat transfer from the substrate to the room. There is a lack of substantial research literature on the surface heat transfer and condition of Decoration Wood-based Flooring Board, which is insufficient to deal with false perceptions. In this study, the purpose of this study is to analyze the surface heat transfer characteristics of Decoration Wood-based Flooring Board and to obtain basic data to cope with recognition.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 현실적으로 실현가능한 플라스틱 제품의 재활용률을 산정하기 위하여 PVC프로파일에 대한 물질흐름도를 작성하는 것을 목적으로 연구가 수행되었다. 이를 위해 합성수지 및 제품별 생산 현황 조사, 폐기물 발생 및 재활용 현황 조사, 재활용 실태 현황 조사, 제품별 물질흐름 검토를 거쳐 내구성 플라스틱의 발생부터 폐기까지의 조사를 실시하여 물질흐름도를 작성하였다. 제품별 재활용이 가능한 비율을 산정한 결과, PVC바닥재와 PVC프로파일의 경우 국내에서 사용된 제품의 내수량의 합이 525,448톤이고, 폐기물 배출량은 105,853톤으로 나타났다. 재생제품과 재활용원료의 생산량 합계는 76,004톤으로 제품의 내수량에 대비하면 2009년 의무량 8.5%에 비교하여 연구를 통한 재활용량은 추정량 14.46%로 산출되었다. 향후 각 품목의 연도별 사용량은 해당제품의 생산량이 현재와 크게 차이가 없을 것으로 가정하고 연도별 생산량에 대입한 후 5~20년 뒤의 물질수지도를 작성한 결과, 재활용률은 지속적으로 상승하여 바닥재 및 프로파일은 2013년에 20% 수준의 재활용률에 도달될 것으로 예측되었다.