• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.221-224
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• 2003

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/gypsum Polymer blend materials were prepared by melt blending of PVC with gypsum and additives. Effect of gypsum content on the properties of PVC/gypsum Polymer blend material was studied by investigating physico-mechanical properties, thermal properties and morphology development. It was found that the replacement of gypsum for methylene-butadiene-sarene (MBS) component in PVC/gypsum polymer blend material enhanced the tensile strength, but gradually decreased its impact strength. Besides, with the increase of gypsum content, the elongation at break of material gradually decreased. The Presence of the different gypsum contents made a shift of g1ass transition temperature and increased the thermal stability as well as the processing temperature range of polymer blends. The observation of morphology, the results of the physico-mechanical properties and thermal properties proved simultaneously that PVC/gypsum Polymer blend material with the gypsum content of 22.56 wt.% reached the optimum results among five kinds of PVC/gypsum Polymer blend materials investigated.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.669-675
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• 2009

연질 PVC 대체를 위한 비변색 타입의 무용제형 상온 액상수지를 폴리올을 경화제로 사용하는 폴리우레탄수지 구조제어 설계를 통한 프리폴리머 합성방법을 응용하여 제조할 수 있었다. Macro-glycol, 분자량 및 반응조건의 영향 등을 고찰하여 최적의 작업성과 물성을 가지는 무용제형 상온액상수지를 제조하였으며, 우수한 기계적인 특성과 함께 유색작업을 위한 안료의 분산성 등에서도 우수하였고, Tg가 $-40^{\circ}C$의 값을 나타내었다. 또한 자외선 노출이나 질소산화물에 의한 황변특성도 개선할 수 있었다.

• Composites Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

The effect of addition of gypsum on the rheology, physico-mechanical properties, thermal properties and morphology development of polymer composites based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and waste-gypsum with and without methylene-butadiene-styrene (MBS) has been studied. It was shown that the replacement of gypsum for methylene-butadiene-styrene (MBS) component in PVC/gypsum polymer composites enhanced the tensile strength and stiffness of composites, but gradually decreased its impact strength. The observation of morphology, the results of the physico-mechanical properties and thermal properties proved simultaneously that PVC/gypsum composite with the waste-gypsum content of 22.56 wt% reached the optimum results among five kinds of PVC/gypsum polymer composite materials investigated.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2003

환경에 유해한 PVC 재질의 바닥재나 시트를 대체하기 위하여 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene(SEBS)과 같은 열가소성고무를 사용하고 polypropylene(PP) 등의 폴리머와 오일, 무기물 및 안정제 등을 혼합하여 내충격성 또는 탄성이 우수한 새로운 소재를 개발하기 위한 컴파운딩 연구를 진행하였다. SEBS와 오일의 혼합물에서 경도는 오일의 함량이 증가함에 따라서 선형적으로 감소하였고, SEBS/oil/PP의 조성물에서는 PP의 함량이 증가하면 인장강도는 선형적으로 증가하는 반면, 신율은 PP가 50phr상에서는 거의 영향이 없었다. PVC 소재의 바닥재나 시트를 대체 사용하기 위한 실질적인 SEBS 혼합물의 조성물에서도 인장 및 인열강도, 그리고 경도는 PP 함량에 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나, 용융지수는 PP 함량이 증가하면 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.781-794
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• 2023

In order to directly apply seawater and sea sand in construction without desalination, a type of square concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) encased with prefabricated seawater sea-sand concrete filled Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)/Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) tube column was proposed. Twenty short columns were tested under uniaxial loads, and the test parameters included inner tube types, seawater sea-sand concrete replacement ratios, concrete strength, the wrapping area of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strips and the thickness of GFRP tube. The effects of the parameters on failure modes, loading capacity, ductility and strain responses were discussed. All the tested specimens failed with serious buckling of the steel tubes and fracture of the inner tubes. The specimens had good residual bearing capacity corresponding to 64% to 88.9% of the peak capacity. The inner GFRP tubes and PVC tubes wrapped by CFRP strips provided stronger confinement to the core concrete, and were good choices for the proposed columns. Moreover, an analytical model for the composite column with different inner tube types was proposed.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.271-284
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• 2021

This study aims to trace the response of twelve one-way sustainable concrete hollow-core slabs made by reducing cement content and using replacement of coarse aggregate by plastic aggregate. The trial mixes comprise the 25, 50, 75, and 100% replacement of natural coarse aggregate. The compressive strength of the resulting lightweight concrete with full replacement of coarse aggregate by plastic aggregate was 28 MPa. These slabs are considered to have a reduced dead weight due to using lightweight aggregate and due to reducing cross-section through using voids. The samples are tested under two verticals line loads. Several parameters are varied in this study such as; nature of coarse aggregate (natural or recycled), slab line load location, the shape of the core, core diameter, flexural reinforcement ratio, and thickness of the slab. Strain gauges are used in the present study to measure the strain of steel in each slab. The test samples were fourteen one-way reinforced concrete slabs. The slab's dimensions are (1000 mm), (600 mm), (200 mm), (length, width, and thickness). The change in the shape of the core from circular to square and the use of (100 mm) side length led to reducing the weight by about (46%). The cracking and ultimate strength is reduced by about (5%-6%) respectively. With similar values of deflection. The mode of failure will remain flexural. It is recognized that when the thickness of the slab changed from (200 mm to 175 mm) the result shows a reduction in cracking and ultimate strength by about (6% and 7%) respectively.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2006

연안지역의 해수침투대에서 투수성 파쇄대 및 고염분 지하수가 유입되는 구간의 탐지를 위하여 공내수 치환 전기전도도검층을 수행하였다. 공내수 치환 전기전도도검층은 시추공 내의 지하수를 전기적으로 다른 성질을 갖는 지하수로 치환하고 일정 양수 또는 자연 상태에서 시간에 따른 전기전도도의 변화를 측정하는 것으로 시추공과 교차하는 투수성 파쇄대 또는 다공성의 대수층에서 시추공 내로 유입되는 지층수 전기전도도의 변화 특성을 측정하면 지하수가 유입되는 구간의 확인이 가능하다. 현장 시험에 적용한 공내수 치환 시스템은 주입과 양수, 유량측정이 가능하며 내경이 작은 모니터링 PVC 케이싱이 설치된 시추공에도 적용이 가능하도록 제작하였다. 전남 영광의 연안지역에 위치하는 3개 시추공에서 공내수 치환기법을 적용하여 전기전도도의 변화 특성을 측정한 결과, 연구지역의 고염분 지하수는 균열암반을 통한 해수침투로 확인되었다. 공내수 치환 전기전도도검층법은 연안지역에서 수리상수 추정, 최적의 양수설계, 해수침투 특성 평가 등에 활용될 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2005년도 제7회 특별심포지움 논문집
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

연안지역에서 해수침투대의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 전기전도도 검층을 수행하였다. 검층의 목적은 투수성 파쇄대 및 고염분 지하수가 유입되는 구간의 확인이다. 전기전도도 검층은 시추공 내의 지하수를 전기적으로 다른 성질을 갖는 지하수로 치환하고 일정 양수 또는 자연 상태에서 시간에 따른 전기전도도의 변화를 측정한다. 따라서 시추공과 교차하는 투수성 파쇄대 또는 다공성의 대수층에서 시추공내로 유입되는 지층수 전기전도도의 변화 특성을 일정 시간 간격에 따라서 측정하면 지하수가 유입되는 구간의 확인이 가능하다. 현장 시험에 적용한 공내수 치환 시스템은 주입과 양수, 유량측정이 가능하며 내경이 작은 모니터링 PVC 케이싱도 적용이 가능하도록 제작하였다. 전남 영광의 연안지역에 위치하는 3개 시추공에 공내수 치환기법을 적용하여 전기전도도의 변화 특성을 측정한 결과, 연안지역의 고염분지하수는 균열암반을 통한 해수침투는 물론 간척사업으로 인한 잔류염분의 영향을 동시에 받고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 공내수 치환기법과 추가적으로 수행될 정량적인 해석 결과는 연안지역에서 수리상수 추정, 최적의 양수설계, 해수침투 특성 평가 등에 활용될 것으로 예상된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2018

Most of aged water supply pipes have been replaced by the open cut method. However, this method has some limitations because water pipes, in many cases, are buried together with other underground facilities or are buried in the middle of high-traffic roads or in narrow alleyways where boring machines cannot be used. This research developed a pipe bursting device for small diameter pipes that enables pipe replacement without excavating the ground, by the busting of existing buried pipes followed by the traction and insertion of new pipes. As a results of examining the field applicability of the developed device, PE pipes and PVC pipes required the tractive force of 413.65~665.69 kgf and 457.43~791.35 kgf respectively, plus an additional 30 % tractive force per elbow. The proper number of bursting head was demonstrated that the connection of more than 2 heads could secure a stable bending radius of 15D. The developed device can be improved through field experiments involving various pipe types and pipe diameters, as well as presence/absence of elbow, so as to be utilized regardless of diverse variables according to the conditions of the soils surrounding existing pipes.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.171-187
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• 2023

Objectives: Aircraft cabin cleaning work is characterized by being performed within a limited time in a narrow and enclosed space. The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels to dust, ultra fine dust(PM2.5) and black carbon(BC) among aircraft cabin cleaners. Methods: Active personal air sampling for respirable dust(n=73) and BC(n=47) was conducted during quick transit cleaning(cabin general and vacuum-specific) and seat cover replacement and total dust and PM2.5 were area-air-sampled as well. Also, size distribution of particle was identified with the cleaning workers targeted. Dusts were collected with PVC filters using gravimetric analysis. The concentration of PM2.5 and the particle size distribution were measured with real-time direct reading portable equipment using light scattering analysis. The concentration of BC was measured by aethalometer(filter-based real-time light absorption analysis instrument). Results: The geometric mean of respirable dust was the highest at vacuum cleaning as 74.4 ㎍/m³, following by replacing seat covers as 49.3 ㎍/m³ and cabin general cleaning as 47.8 ㎍/m³ . The arithmetic mean of PM2.5 was 4.83 ~ 9.89 ㎍/m³ inside the cabin, and 28.5~44.5 ㎍/m³ outside the cabin(from bus and outdoor waiting space). From size distribution, PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio was 0.54 at quick transit cleaning and 0.41 at replacing seat covers. The average concentration of BC was 2~7 ㎍/m³, showing a high correlation with the PM2.5 concentration. Conclusions: The hazards concentration levels of aircraft cabin cleaners were very similar to those of roadside outdoor workers. As the main source of pollution is estimated to be diesel vehicles operating at airports, and it is necessary to replace older vehicles, strengthen pollutant emission control regulations, and introduce electric vehicles. In addition, it is necessary to provide as part of airport-inftastructure a stable standby waiting space for aircraft cabin cleaners and introduce a systematic safety and health management system for all workers in the aviation industry.