• 제목/요약/키워드: PUFAs

검색결과 73건 처리시간 0.025초

한국 토착 미세조류 클로렐라 불가리스 KNUA027 균주의 생화학적 조성 (Biochemical Composition of a Korean Domestic Microalga Chlorella vulgaris KNUA027)

  • 홍지원;김오홍;조승우;김현;정미랑;박경목;이경인;윤호성
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.400-407
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    • 2016
  • 인삼 유묘 뿌리 주변에서 자라고 있는 단세포 녹색 조류, 클로렐라 불가리스 KNUA027을 순수분리한 후 본 분리균주의 생물공학적 활용 가능성에대해조사를 실시하였다. 가스크로마토그래프/질량분석기를 이용한 분석 결과, 본 균주에는 영양학적으로 중요한 알파 리놀렌산(C18:3 ω3, 45.8%, 50.8 mg/g) 및 헥사데카트리엔산(C16:3 ω3, 11.8%, 13.1 mg/g)과 같은 다가불포화지방산이 풍부한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서, 본 국내 토착 미세조류는 잠재적인 오메가-3 다가불포화지방산 원료가 될 수 있다고 사료된다. 또한, 바이오디젤 생산에 적합한 것으로 알려져 있는 팔미트산(C16:0, 37.1%, 41.2 mg/g) 역시 본 균주에 의해 주요 지방산 성분으로 생합성 되는 것으로 확인되었다. 근사분석 결과 KNUA027 균주의 휘발성물질 함량은 88.5%였으며, 원소분석 결과 고위발열량은 19.8 MJ/kg으로 나타났다. 본 KNUA027 균주를 이용한 연구결과는 미세조류 기반 바이오연료와 바이오매스 생산을 위한 기초자료 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

단백질의 Maillard 반응의 최종산물인 CML 형성에 미치는 ROS의 영향 (Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Formation of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, an Endproduct of Maillard Reaction of Proteins)

  • 이종선;양융;신동범
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.123-131
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    • 2004
  • 단백질의 Maillard 반응의 최종산물의 하나인 $N^{\varepsilon}$-car-boxy methyl lysine(CML)의 형성에 미치는 reactive oxygen species(ROS)의 영향을 살펴보았다. Glucose와 fructose는 자동산화과정을 통하여 CML 형성의 주된 propagator인 $\alpha$-dicarbonyl 화합물은 물론 glyoxal을 생성시키는 것이 확인되었다. 또한 이 과정은 ROS를 형성하는 천이금속이온에 의해 촉진되는 산화과정임을 알 수 있었다. 반응성이 높은 fructose에 비해 glucose의 경우가 ROS의 영향이 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. 불포화 지방산도 glyoxal을 형성하고 있었으며, 불포화도가 클수록 glyoxal 생성량이 빠르게 나타났으나 ROS의 영향은 비교적 작게 나타났다. Ascorbic acid 역시 ROS와는 무관하게 glyoxal을 생성하였다. 이는 ROS의 영향이전에 이들 물질들의 반응성이 매우 높다는 것을 의미하고 있다. Hippury lysine을 이용한 model system에서도 glucose로부터의 $N^{\varepsilon}$-carboxymethyl hipuryllysine(CMHL) 형성에서는 ROS의 영향이 높게 나타났으나, 반응성이 매우 높은 glyoxal에 의한 CMHL 생성에는 ROS의 영향이 거의 나타나지 않았다. CML에 특이적으로 결합하는 monoclonal antibody(6D12)를 이용한 antigen coated noncompetitive indirect ELISA 분석을 통해서 CML생성에 미치는 ROS의 영향을 살펴본 결과 대체로 위의 결과와 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 반응성이 높은 물질일수록 CML 형성에 ROS의 영향이 작게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids-enriched Diet Supplemented with Different Levels of α-Tocopherol on Lipid Metabolism in Laying Tsaiya Ducks

  • Chen, Tian-Fwu;Hsu, Jenn-Chung
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제17권11호
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    • pp.1562-1569
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    • 2004
  • The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs)-enriched diet supplemented with different levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol on the activities of hepatic lipogenic-related enzymes and the contents of liver and plasma lipid fractions in laying Tsaiya ducks. A total of 180 30-wk-old laying Tsaiya ducks, at the beginning of peak production, were allotted into 6 treatments with 3 replicates each. Ducks were fed one of the 6 experimental diets, containing 4% tallow (control), and 4% fish oil supplemented with graded levels of $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate ($\alpha$-tocopherol) at 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, for 6 wks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The results indicated that the n-3 PUFAsenriched diet supplemented with different levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol did not affect (p>0.05) egg weight, feed intake, body weight change or liver and abdominal fat weights. Egg production, egg mass and feed efficiency significantly (p<0.05) improved as dietary $\alpha$-tocopherol levels increased. The activities of hepatic lipogenic-related enzymes including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6. 2. 1. 3; ACC), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1. 1. 1. 49; G-6-PDH), ATP-citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4. 1. 3. 8; CCE), NADP-malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40; NADP-MDH) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) were higher (p<0.05) in birds fed with the tallow diet than in those fed with fish oil diets and increased with increasing dietary $\alpha$-tocopherol levels. None of the dietary treatments significantly affected the contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol in the liver, or total cholesterol, phospholipid and total lipid in the plasma. However, the contents of phospholipid and total lipid in the liver, and triglyceride in the plasma increased as dietary $\alpha$-tocopherol levels increased. Increasing dietary $\alpha$-tocopherol levels decreased the non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) content in the plasma and trended to decrease the cholesterol contents in the egg yolk. The lipid metabolism of laying Tsaiya ducks was influenced not only by the dietary fat but also by the supplementation levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol.

동해안 저서어 곰치와 풍덕구이의 영양성분 및 중금속의 계절적 변화 (Seasonal Variations in the Nutritional Compositions and Heavy Metals in Two Demersal Fish, Liparis tessellatus (Cubed Snailfish) and Hemitripterus villosus (Shaggy Sea Raven))

  • 이병용;서정희
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.282-290
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구에서는, 동해안에 서식하는 대표적 저서어인 곰치와 풍덕구이의 영양성분 및 중금속 함량의 계절적 변동을 관찰하였다. 이 두 어종의 지방 함량은 0.3% 이하로 연중 내내 매우 낮은 특성을 나타내어 계절적 변동을 관찰하기 어려웠으나, 산란기를 전후하여 수분이 증가되고 단백질이 유의적으로 감소되는 현상이 관찰되었다. 수집 시기에 관계없이 1% 가량의 비교적 일정한 회분 함량을 나타내었던 두 어종은, 무기질 조성에 있어서는 연중 내내 칼륨(K), 나트륨(Na), 인(P)의 분포량이 가장 높게 나타남으로써, 어류의 전형적인 무기질 패턴을 나타내었다. 한편, 두 어종은 중금속 함량에 있어, 수은(Hg), 카드뮴(Cd), 주석(Sn)은 식품공전이 정한 규격을 충족시켰으나, 일부 시료에서 납(Pb)이 규격치 이상 검출됨에 따라, 두 어종에서 Pb 성분에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요함을 시사하였다. 아미노산 분석 결과, 1년에 걸쳐 수집된 곰치와 풍덕구이 두 어종 모두에서 가장 많은 양으로 존재하는 아미노산은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine으로 확인되었다. 또한, 곰치의 경우에는, 수분의 함량이 적고 단백질의 함량이 높았던 여름철에 총 아미노산과 단맛 및 감칠맛을 부여하는 유리아미노산의 함량이 높게 나타나는 계절적 특성을 나타내었다. 풍덕구이는 단백질 및 총 아미노산의 함량은 곰치보다 높았으나, 어류의 풍미를 부여하는 유리아미노산의 함량 곰치보다 현저히 낮은 특성을 나타내었다. 곰치와 풍덕구이두 어종 모두 10-1월 사이에, PUFA는 급격히 증가하고, SFA는 감소하여, 다른 시기에 비해 상대적으로 높은 P/S를 나타냄에 따라, 지방과 달리 지방산 조성에 있어서는 계절적 특성이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과들은, 종, 계절, 수집 지역의 지리적 조건에 의해 그 화학적 조성이 영향을 받게 되는 어류를 식품 소재화할 경우, 특정 지역에서 수집된 어류의 식품영양적 가치 평가는 개별 어류에 대해 연중 모니터링이 되어야 정확한 정보가 제공될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

전자빔 조사에 의해 지질 함량이 증대된 Arthrospira platensis 변이주 분리 및 지방산 분석 (Arthrospira platensis Mutants Containing High Lipid Content by Electron Beam Irradiation and Analysis of Its Fatty Acid Composition)

  • 최수정;김영화;김안드레;이재화
    • 공업화학
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.628-632
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    • 2013
  • 미세조류 Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis)는 탄수화물, 지질, 단백질, 파이토케미컬 등을 함유하고 있어 경제적으로 가치가 있으며, 바이오디젤이나 기능성 식품 생산에 중요한 자원이다. 균주 개량을 위해 A. platensis에 240 kGy의 선량으로 전자빔을 조사하여 무작위적 돌연변이를 유도하였다. 여러 변이주를 획득하였고, 스크리닝을 거쳐 지질 함량이 높은 변이주, EB29를 선별하였다. EB29의 세포 생장은 야생균주와 유사하였고, 클로로필 함량도 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만, nile red로 염색하여 형광 강도로 측정했을 때, EB29의 지질 함량은 야생균주에 비해 7배 증가하였다. 표준 지질 triolein의 표준곡선을 이용한 지질의 반정량 결과, EB29는 $78.6{\mu}g/mL$로 야생균주($41.4{\mu}g/mL$)보다 약 2배 증가하였다. EB29의 지방산 성분도 분석하였는데, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)와 같은 PUFA가 약 6배 증가하였고 바이오디젤의 질에 영향을 미치는 지방산들도 야생균주에 비해 증가하였다. 따라서 전자빔은 미세조류의 세포 내 PUFA를 축적시키거나, 바이오디젤에 적합한 지방산 성분을 변화시키는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

Physicochemical Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Four Papaya Cultivars Grown under Plastic Greenhouse Conditions

  • Kafkas, Ebru;Gunes, Esma;Gubbuk, Hamide
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.363-370
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    • 2012
  • Some physicochemical characteristics like nutritional values, sugar content, and fatty acid composition (FAs) in fruits of four papaya (Carica papaya L.) cultivars ('Red Lady', 'Sunrise Solo', 'Tainung', and 'BH-65') grown under plastic greenhouse conditions in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were evaluated. The chemical characteristics, except acidity in the fruits, significantly varied among the cultivars. Nitrogen (N) was the most abundant mineral in all papaya cultivars and ranged from $0.80\;g{\cdot}100\;g^{-1}$ in 'Red Lady' to $1.28\;g{\cdot}100\;g^{-1}$ in 'BH-65' in fresh weight. Potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) were found the highest amount in dry weight. Glucose and fructose were identified as the main sugars in all cultivars. Sucrose was in trace amounts in the three cultivars, but not detectable in cultivar 'Red Lady'. Twenty-five FAs were detected in the papaya fruits. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found to be in a highest amounts compared to the saturated fatty acid (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2n6) acids were the major fatty acids detected in all cultivars. The results of this study implied that dietary intake of papayas may supply substantial nutrient components necessary for human health.

Effect of Different Cooking Methods on the Composition of Intramuscular Fatty Acids of Hyla Rabbit

  • Xue, Shan;Xiao, Xia;He, Zhifei;Li, Hongjun
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.178-185
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    • 2016
  • The influence of three cooking methods (stewing, microwaving and Aluminium (Al) foil-baking) was evaluated on the content of intramuscular lipid and the composition of intramuscular fatty acids of Hyla rabbit. The percentage of intramuscular lipid in cooked-longissimus dorsi (LD) (dry weight %) were in the order mentioned below: microwaving > foil-baking > stewing. All treated samples showed decrease in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), whilst increase in the proportion of saturated (SFA) and n-6/n-3 value during processing. All of the cooked samples had the n-6/n-3 ratio within the recommended range (5-10). By the analysis of partial least squares regression (PLSR), the microwaving treatment was better to keep the stability of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), whilst the long-time Al foil-baking did the most serious damage to UFA, especially the PUFA. In addition, the heating method showed greater influence on the samples than the processing time. The shorter processing time was better to retain the intramuscular PUFA of Hyla rabbit, especially the LC-PUFAs (C20-22). Considering all the factors, microwaving showed the superiority in reserving the composition of intramuscular fatty acids of Hyla rabbit.

Effect of bicarbonate and progesterone on plasma membrane integrity, acrosome reaction and proportion of fatty acids in boar sperm

  • Park, Choon-Keun;Lee, Sang-Hee
    • 한국동물생명공학회지
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.202-208
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    • 2022
  • This study investigated the influence of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and progesterone on acrosome reaction and proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition boar sperm. The sperm were diluted with semen extender and incubated with NaHCO3 and progesterone at 38℃, 5% CO2 for 6 h. Plasma membrane integrity and acrosome reaction were analyzed using SYBR14/propidium iodide (PI) and FITC-PNA/PI doubling staining method, and proportion of PUFA was analyzed using gas chromatography. In results, Plasma membrane integrity was significantly decreased in 50 mM NaHCO3 group and acrosome reaction was significantly increased by over the 100 mM NaHCO3 group compared to control group (p < 0.05). In addition, progesterone significantly increased decreased plasma membrane integrity at 100 mM progesterone and acrosome reaction at over the 5.0 µM progesterone (p < 0.05), but there was no difference among the 5.0 to 100 µM groups. PUFAs were significantly decreased in 100 mM NaHCO3 and 50 µM progesterone treatments compared to control group. In summary NaHCO3 and progesterone induce acrosome reaction and reduce PUFA composition in boar sperm, therefore, the results maybe help to understand basically knowledge for the acrosome reaction and PUFA composition in boar sperm.

Dietary Reference Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for Koreans

  • Park, Yongsoon
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제16권sup1호
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    • pp.47-56
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    • 2022
  • This paper examines the process and evidence used to create the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for Koreans. ALA (18:3n3) is an essential fatty acid, and EPA and DHA are known to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk and reduction of triglyceride levels. Various international organizations have suggested dietary recommendations for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including ALA, EPA, and DHA. A DRI for Koreans was established for the first time in 2020, specifically for the adequate intake (AI) of ALA and EPA + DHA. This recommendation was based on the average intake of ALA and EPA + DHA from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2017. For Korean infants, the AI of ALA and DHA was based on the fatty acid composition of maternal milk. Estimated average requirement and a tolerable upper intake level have not been set for n-3 PUFA due to insufficient evidence. In addition, the intake level of n-3 PUFA for prevention of chronic disease has also not been determined. Future studies and randomized controlled trials are required to establish the UL and to define the level for disease prevention.

Effect of Antler Development Stage on the Chemical Composition of Velvet Antler in Elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis)

  • Jeon, Byong-Tae;Cheong, Sun-Hee;Kim, Dong-Hyun;Park, Jae-Hyun;Park, Pyo-Jam;Sung, Si-Heung;Thomas, David G.;Kim, Kyoung-Hoon;Moon, Sang-Ho
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제24권9호
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    • pp.1303-1313
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to provide the basic information to allow improved scientific assessment of velvet antler's quality by investigating the change of chemical composition during different antler growth stages in elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis). Twenty four antlers were harvested from elk stags (aged 4-5 years) on 65 days (VA65), 80 days (VA80) and 95 days (VA95) after button casting, and the chemical composition of each antler was determined in five sections (top, upper, middle, base, and bottom). Crude protein and ether extract content was the highest in the top section, whereas ash content was the highest in the bottom section in all groups (p<0.05). Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was higher in the VA65 group than in the VA95 group in the upper section of antler (p<0.05). The collagen content was higher in the VA65 group compared to the VA95 group in the middle and bottom sections (p<0.05), and increased downward from the top to the bottom section. The proportions of certain amino acids, including aspartic acid, glutamic acid and isoleucine were higher (p<0.05), whereas proline and glycine were lower in the top section of antler compared to all other sections (p<0.05). The proportion of linoleic acid, 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, total ${\omega}$-3 and ${\omega}$-6 fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for all sections in the VA65 group was higher than in the VA95 group (p<0.05). These results suggested that the quality of velvet antler is strongly influenced by antler development stage.