• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.456-465
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• 2012

유전자 재조합 이형이합체 인간 뼈 형성촉진인자(rhBMP)들은 뼈 재생을 위한 조직공학연구에 중요한 요소들이다. 그러나 실제 뼈 재생에 관한 연구를 수행함에 이들을 이용하는 것은 뼈 형성 촉진인자들이 짧은 반감기를 가지며 비교적 고농도의 단백질을 사용해야 하기 때문에 그만큼 많은 비용이 소요된다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 한계를 뛰어넘기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 단백질 전달 서열(PTD)이 융합된 인간 뼈 형성촉진인자 2와 7이 이형이합체 유전자 재조합 단백질(rhBMP2/7-PTD)을 발현하는 세포주를 확립하였다. 이형이합체의 형성은 BMP 2와 BMP 7 단백질 및 PTD 영역의 사이에 각각 4개의 glycine 아미노산 염기서열이 첨가될 수 있도록 하여 각 단백질의 folding이 자유롭도록 디자인하였다. 이렇게 개발된 세포주는 고농도의 rhBMP2/7-PTD을 지속적으로 발현하여 배양액 내로 분비함으로 조직공학용 연구 및 개발에 효율적으로 이용 할 수 있다. 이상의 세포주에서 발현된 rhBMP2/7-PTD 단백질은 뼈 세포분화 유도를 확인 할 수 있는 ALP 활성을 나타냄으로써 뼈 성장촉진 단백질로서 생물학적인 활성을 가지고 있음을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과로 개발된 rhBMP2/7-PTD 형질전환 세포주는 향후 뼈 조직 재생과 같은 연구에 중요하고 효과적인 도구로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

Objective : In Oriental medicine, the concept of Preventive Treatment Disease(治未病, PTD) is intended to actively deal with changes in modern disease patterns due to increase in chronic diseases. In China, preventive health service program based on PTD Theory are being carried out aimed at improving and/or preventing people's health. Method : For the introduction of PTD program based preventive service in Korea for the promotion of people's health, I would like to consider its possibility by reviewing the PTD program being conducted in China. Results : China's preventive health service programs based on PTD Theory started in 2008 for the purpose of promoting people's health and reducing medical expenses by providing medical services tailored to individuals. Regarding the effects of PTD program based preventive health service, improvement of discomforting symptoms comprised 73.04% of responses. As to service items, health guidance, Traditional Chinese Medicinal diagnosis, and preparation of health records were answered as being important. The importance of food and internal medicines for preventing and/or curing PTD Theory are also recognized. Also, as to satisfaction level, 90.64% responded as being satisfied in the order of the level of service providers, their attitudes, service processes, items, costs, and environments. Conclusion : As shown above, according to assessments on China's PTD programs, the PTD Theory is being applied to actual public health programs with highly effective results. Hence, it can be seen that such attempt could also be implemented in Korea as part of a scheme for promoting health by means of Korean medicine health promotion programs. However, further researches into concrete implementation schemes will have to be developed in the future as medical systems are different in Korea from in China.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.612-623
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the current status and limitations of the clinical use of a pulse tonometry device (PTD). Methods: We searched online medical databases, including Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), DataBase Periodical Information Academic (DBpia) and PubMed, for clinical studies of metabolic diseases that used PTD. We selected articles on the clinical application of the PTD but excluded duplicate articles, clinical studies without the PTD, and non-clinical studies. In the first screening, 551 articles were selected. Ultimately, we found 10 articles and classified the articles according to the following diseases: hyperlipidemia, diabetes, overweight and obesity, hypertension, and metabolic disease. Results: Of the 10 selected articles, 4 were focused on hypertension. Two articles were focused on overweight or obesity and two articles were focused on the metabolic disease. Conclusions: This study was the first attempt to conduct a systematic review on clinical studies of metabolic disease using the PTD as a primary outcome. We suggest that the standard of pulse wave parameters and operating procedures for the PTD should be further developed. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information for the planning and progression of clinical studies of metabolic syndrome using PTD.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2018

인간 섬유아세포 성장인자는 조직 생성 및 상처 치료 효과로 인해 상업적으로 중요한 치료제 또는 화장품소재로서 가능성이 높다. 피부 조직에 침투성을 부여하여 치료효과를 높이기 위해서 단백질 전달 도메인인 PTD를 FGF에 융합을 시도하고 있으며 피부로의 투과능력과 그로인한 치료 효과에 대한 연구도 진행되고 있다. 그러나, PTD가 FGF 단백질의 N- 또는 C-말단에 결합 되었을 때 PTD의 위치가 대장균 발현시스템에서 재조합단백질 접힘 및 안정성, 그리고 결국 피부로의 도입능력에 상당한 영향을 미치는지에 대해서는 알려져 있지 않다. 여기에서 우리는 대조군으로 PTD가 융합되지 않은 인간 염기성 섬유아세포 성장인자(FGF2)와 PTD가 FGF2의 N-말단 또는 C-말단에 융합된 FGF2 복합체를 중합효소연쇄반응(OE-PCR)을 통해 클로닝 하였다. 그 다음 이들 재조합 FGF2의 단백질 발현 및 특성을 확인하고 마우스 등 피부를 이용하여 조직 내로의 도입 능력을 조사 하였다. 결과적으로, 불용성 PTD-FGF2 (N 말단 융합)와는 달리 대조군 FGF2와 FGF2-PTD 융합 단백질(C- 말단 융합)은 가용성 형태로 발현되어 재조합단백질 획득이 용이하였고, 마우스 피부 도입능력은 FGF2-PTD 융합단백질에서만 나타내 보였다. 우리의 결과는 C-말단에 융합된 FGF2-PTD 융합단백질이 발현, 정제, 피부 투과능력의 측면에서 다른 두 옵션들보다 노동, 비용, 시간면에서 보다 더 효율적일 수 있음을 시사한다.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2013

A heuristic physical theory of diffraction (PTD) for an acoustic impedance wedge is proposed. This method is based on Ufimtsev's three-dimensional PTD, which is derived for an acoustic soft or hard wedge. We modify the original PTD according to the process of physical optics (or the Kirchhoff approximation) to obtain a 3D heuristic diffraction model for an impedance wedge. In principle, our result is equivalent to Luebbers' model presented in electromagnetism. Moreover, our approach provides a useful insight into the theoretical basis of the existing heuristic diffraction methods. The derived heuristic PTD is applied to an arbitrary impedance polygon, and a simple PTD formula is derived as a supplement to the physical optics formula.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to survey the status of clinical use of a pulse tonometric device (PTD).Methods: We searched domestic and international articles using the PTD from online medical databases including OASIS, RISS, DBpia and PubMed. We selected articles on clinical application of PTD but excluded articles on mechanical design or software programming for developing a new PTD. Finally we found 13 articles and classified the articles according to the disease of clinical study.Results: Out of the 13 articles, 5 were focused on the dysmenorrhea. Three articles were focused on the infertility, two article were focused on the post mastectomy. According to the results, the pulse energy has been widely used in research as the primary outcome.Conclusions: We found out that until now the researches on clinical application of PTD mainly had been performed for producing a variety of PTDs. This results of this study will be used as a useful information during perform a clinical study and clinics. We suggest that the standard operating procedure for PTD will be developed, and researches for development and its application of various new contents will be performed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1489-1492
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• 2016

Background: Although there are no biomarkers that are routinely used in endometrial cancer (EC) management, many studies have found that serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is superior to cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in the detection of EC. The correlation of HE4 with two prognostic factors for EC, primary tumor diameter (PTD) and depth of myometrial invasion (DMI) may be useful in identifying EC patients at high risk of lymphatic dissemination. Objective: To evaluate the correlation of serum HE4 with PTD and DMI in patients with EC. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 EC patients who were scheduled for elective surgery at Rajavithi Hospital between 1st September 2013 and 30th May 2014. Preoperative serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were investigated, and then gross measurement of PTD was taken and postoperative pathologic slides were reviewed for DMI including histologic types, grading and staging. Results: Preoperative serum HE4 levels were strongly correlated with PTD (r=0.65, p<0.001) and moderately correlated with DMI (r=0.46, p<0.001). Moreover, serum HE4 levels were significantly elevated in EC patients with PTD >2 cm (p<0.001) and DMI > 50% (p=0.004). The performance of serum HE4 in identifying EC patients at low risk and high risk of lymph node metastasis was significantly better than that of CA125 (AUC 0.88 vs. 0.65, p=0.003). At an optimal cut-off value of 70 pM/L, serum HE4 had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 80.0%. Conclusions: In EC patients, preoperative serum HE4 is significantly correlated with PTD and DMI. Serum HE4 levels could be useful in identifying endometrial cancer patients at high risk of lymphatic spread who would benefit from systemic lymphadenectomy at the cut-off value of 70 pM/L.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 불용성 식이섬유인 셀룰로오스와 수용성 식이섬유인 펙틴이 식사성 열생성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 건강한 여자 대학생을 대상으로 식이섬유 제한식인 CD를 대조군으로 셀룰로오스식인 CED, 펙틴식인 PTD를 급식시켜 식후 3시간 동안의 DIT와 체온, 심박수를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대상자들의 나이는 평균 22.3 1.9세이었고, 신장과 체중은 각각 평균 $159.7{\pm}4.7cm$ 및 $52.5{\pm}8.6kg$이었다. 대상자들의 휴식대사량은 평균 $0.79{\pm}0.02kcal/min$이었다. 시간에 따른 DIT는 모든 실험식에서 식후 30분에 최고치를 나타내었다가 이후 감소하는 경향이었다. 실험식사 섭취 후 3시간 동안 측정한 DIT의 반응면적$(\Delta-AUC)$은 CD, CED 및 PTD가 각각 $59.77{\pm}2.66kcal,\;39.91{\pm}2.65kcal$ 및 $47.26{\pm}5.76kcal$를 기록하여 섭취한 열량의 $14.05{\pm}0.62%,\;9.33{\pm}0.62%$ 및 $11.07{\pm}1.35%$이었다. 식이섬유를 첨가한 실험군인 CED와 PTD가 CD에 비해 식후 3시간 동안의 DIT가 유의적으로 낮았으나, 식이섬유간 DIT는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 실험식사 섭취 후 3시간 동안 측정한 체온의 반응면적$(\Delta-AUC)$은 실험식 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 심박수로 측정한 교감신경계는 CD가 CED 및 PTD에 비하여 유의적으로 높았고, 식이섬유 간의 차이는 없었다. 이상에서와 같이 동량의 종류를 달리하여 제공한 셀룰로오스식과 펙틴식이 식후 열생성을 유의적으로 낮추었다. 그러나 대상자의 심박수, 체온, 체조성과 같은 제요인과의 상관성을 밝히지 못하여, 이의 기전을 밝히기 위한 추후 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2008

Purpose: Recombining bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is usually acquiredfrom high level animals. Though this method is effective, its high cost limits its use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 with protein transduction domain (BMP-2/PTD;TATBMP-2) on bone regeneration. Rat calvarial defect model and osteoblastic differentiation model using MC3T3 cell were used for the purpose of the study. Materials and Methods: MC3T3 cells were cultured until they reached a confluence stage. The cells were treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500 ng/ml of BMP-2/PTD for 21 days and at the end of the treatment, osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated usingvon Kossa staining. An 8mm, calvarial, critical-size osteotomy defect was created in each of 48 male Spraque-Dawley rats (weight $250{\sim}300\;g$). Three groups of 16 animals each received either BMP-2/PTD (0.05mg/ml) in a collagen carrier, collagen only, or negative surgical control. And each group was divided into 2 and 8 weeks healing intervals. The groups were evaluated by histologic analysis(8 animals/group/healing intervals) Result: In osteoblastic differentiation evaluation test, a stimulatory effect of BMP-2/PTD was observed in 10ng/ml of BMP-2/PTD with no observation of dose-dependent manner. The BMP-2/PTD group showed enhanced local bone formation in the rat calvarial defect at 2 weeks. New bone was observed at the defect margin and central area of the defect. However, new bone formation was observed only in 50% of animals used for 2weeks. In addition, there was no new bone formation observed at 8 weeks. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that BMP-2/PTD(TATBMP-2) have an positive effect on the bone formation in vitro and in vivo. However, further study should be conducted for the reproducibility of the outcomes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.84-87
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• 1988

The Photophysical and photochemical properties of Ruthenium bipyridine with two long hydrocarbon chains, $[Ru(bipy)_2(dhbipy)]^{2+}$ and transient phenothiazine derivative cation radical $(PTD^+)$ in the cationic vesicle were studied. Transient absorption spectra of cation radical of phenothiazine derivative in the vesicle system containing the $Ru^{2+}$ complex, $[Ru(bipy)_2(dhbipy)]^{2+}$, (1) as sensitizer and phenothiazine derivative as electron donor was observed by XeCl excimer laser photolysis system. Thus the excited ruthenium complex would be quenched by phenothiazine derivative(PTD) reductively in the vesicle system. The quenching rate constant($K_Q$) of $Ru^{2+}$ with two long hydrocarbon chains in the vesicle by PTD was $9.6{\times}10^8M^{-1}S^{-1}$. The absorption decay kinetics showed that lifetime of phenothiazine derivative cation radical is a value in the 4-8m sec range.