• 공업화학
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.659-666
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• 2019

고분자전해질 수소연료전지는 수소와 산소의 전기화학적 반응을 이용하여 전기를 자발적으로 생산하며, 높은 전류밀도와 비교적 낮은 구동온도의 장점을 가져 화석연료를 대체할 미래 친환경 화학에너지 변환 장치이다. 현재 연료전지는 수소전기차를 중심으로 가정용 연료전지, 수소연료전지 발전소 등 다양한 산업에서 활용 중에 있다. 하지만 연료전지 산업의 지속적인 성장을 위해서는 여러 기술적인 문제가 보완되어야 하며, 그 중에서도 연료전지 각 구성요소의 장기 내구성을 필수적으로 확보해야 한다. 특히 연료전지의 연료극과 공기극에서 사용되는 탄소담지 백금촉매는 연료 전지 운전조건에 따라 다양한 기작을 통하여 성능 감소가 일어난다. 이에 연료전지용 촉매의 내구성 파악을 위한 가속테스트법이 다양하게 제시되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 연료전지용 백금 기반 촉매의 성능 감소 기작을 설명하고, 지금까지 제시된 가속스트레스 시험을 통한 내구성 평가 방법에 대해 비교하고자 한다.

• Composites Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 지능 구조물 작동기의 성능 향상을 위해 압전 단결정을 적용한 압전 복합재료 작동기 LIPCA-S2를 설계, 제작하고 성능을 측정하였다. 외팔보 형태로 고정된 LIPCA-S2의 끝단 변위를 예측하기 위하여 공급 전압에 대한 압전 재료 작동층의 변형을 기반으로 곡률 변화 예측 모델을 적용하였으며, 실제 작동기의 성능을 측정하여 두 결과를 비교하였다. 외팔보 상태의 LIPCA-S2의 끝단 처짐에 대한 결과를 비교하였을 때, 예측 결과가 측정 결과에 비하여 4배 정도 크게 예측되었음을 확인하였다. 각 결과의 차이는 LIPCA-S2 내부에 삽입된 압전 단결정에 작용하는 압축 응력에 대하여 압전 단결정 특성이 영향을 미치는 것이라 가정하여, LIPCA-S2를 제작하는 과정에서 발생된 잔류 응력과, 작동층에 전압을 가하며 작동기를 구동했을 때 발생하는 응력 변화를 고전 적층 이론을 통해 계산하였다. 박판 압전 단결정에 평면 방향으로 압축 응력이 변할 때, 압전 변형상수의 변화와 탄성계수의 변화를 측정하였고, 이러한 특성 변화를 고려한 새로운 예측 모델을 활용한 예측 결과는 실제 측정값에 근접함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국조명전기설비학회지:조명전기설비
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 1987

이 논문은 Phenolic 수지의 Tracking파괴의 CTI에 관한 고찰로써 전극재료의 일부가 누설재료에 의하여 침식되기 때문에 tracking파괴를 증진시키며 다음과 같은 영향을 받는다. $\circled1$절연재료에서는 C. T. I의 값이 350정도에서는 현재까지 규정하고 있는 백금전극보다도 황동전극이 더욱 근사한 값을 얻을 수 있었다. $\circled2$C. T. I의 값은 전해액의 저항율과는 무관하다. $\circled3$시요표면의 접촉각이 증가함에 따라 Corona 개시전압과 C. T. I의 값은 증가한다.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권10호
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• pp.130-138
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• 1996

The size of a device needs to scale down to increase its integrity and speed. As the size of the device is reduced, the hot-carrier degradation that severely effects on device reliabilty is concerned. In this paper, sub-micron buried-channel P-MOSFETs were fabircated, and the hot-carrier effects were invetigated. Also the hot-carrier effect in the buired-channel P-MOSFETs and the surface-channel P-MOSFETs were compared with simulation programs using SUPREM-4 and MINIMOS-4. This paper showed that the electric characteristics of sub-micron P-MOSFET are different from those of N-MOSFET. Also it showed that the punchthrough voltage ( $V_{pt}$ ) was abruptly drop after applying the stress and became almost 0V when the channel lengths were shorter than 0.6.mu.m. The lower punchthrough voltage causes the device to operte poorly by the deterioration of cut-off characteries in the switching mode. We can conclude that the buried channel P-MOSFET for CMOS circuits has a limit of the channel length to be around 0.6.mu.m.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2003

When making crown and bridges on anterior regions, many practitioners consider the esthetics the most. For this reason functional aspect are not considered as much as the esthetics. If the occlusion on the anterior region are not formed correctly, movement of the temporomandibular joint can be disturbed and excessive stress can be occur that pathologic condition can be under lied. On this case presentation will show the importance of the anterior guidance and suggest the appropriate protocol of using customized anterior guide table. A 45years old male had to remake both of the upper central and lateral PFM because of the porcelain fracture. The new PFM crowns were made conventional methods without considering the anterior guidance. After the temporary setting, the patient complained of discomfort and short looking upper anteriors. To solve these problems we had to restore the palatal contour and length of the new crowns by making customized anterior guide table using temporary crowns that contains patient's old anterior guidance. This procedure which is copying the pt's comfortable anterior guidance to the final prosthesis made them to be esthetic and patients to feel comfortable.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2018

To improve the design equation for the evaluation of the bursting force in the post-tensioned anchorage zone, this paper presents the analyses and design of the post-tensioned (PT) anchorage zone on the basis of three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analyses. The structural behavior was investigated through linear elastic finite element analyses upon consideration of the change in design parameters such as the bearing plate size, the eccentricity, and the tendon inclination. Moreover, consideration of the duct hole, which causes an increase of the bursting stress with a change in its distribution along the anchorage zone as well, is emphasized. Since that an exact prediction of the bursting force is the primary interest in design practice, additional parametric analyses are carried out to evaluate the relative contribution of all design parameters in determining the bursting force, and a comparison with the design guidelines mentioned in AASHTO-LRFD has been provided. Finally, an improved design guideline that takes into account the influence by the duct hole is suggested.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2010

Domain structure and polarization switching in (001)-oriented $Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-x%PbTiO_3$ (PMN-x%PT) crystals for x=20 and 35at% have been investigated in-situ by scanning force microscope (SFM) in a piezoresponse mode under a step DC electrical voltage. In the initial annealed condition, polar nano domains (PND) and domain striations oriented along {110} were observed in x=20 and x=35, respectively. For x=20, domain switching occurs by heterogeneous nucleation, where nucleation is not confined in the vicinity of domain boundaries, but rather can occur throughout the crystal volume. However, for x=35, domain switching tends to be preferentially initiated near pre-existing twin boundaries. With increasing the applying voltage, the nuclei density increased and assembled into {110} striations, indicating a stress-accommodated domain growth process. At higher voltage, nucleation occurs heterogeneously throughout the crystal volume.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2015

Objective : The current study investigated the personality characteristics in the victims of sexual violence, by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test which are commonly used in clinical medicine. Methods : A total of 40 victims of sexual violence (only female) completed the Korean version of the MMPI. 31 (77.5%), and theywere patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. These victims of sexual violence had been admitted to the Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan. Results : The MMPI scores of the sexual victims were significantly higher on Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, and Si, than the comparison group by ANCOVA. Conclusion : The victims of sexual violence may have developed the following characteristics: hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizoid and social introversion. The finding suggests psychotic psychopathology rather than neurotic psychopathology. These results suggested that the psychopatholgy in the victims of sexual violence may be different, compared to the control group.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1021-1026
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• 1997

RuO2 thin film has reasonably good conductivity and stiffness and it is thought to substitute for the cantilever beam made up of Pt and Si3N4 double layers in microactuators. Therefore, anisotopic Si etching was performed using RuO2 thin film as a mask layer in 25 wt. % TMAH water solution. In the etching temperature ranging from 6$0^{\circ}C$ to 75$^{\circ}C$, the etch rates of all the crystallographic directions increased linearly as the etching temperature increased. The etch rate ratio(selectivity) of [111]/[100] which varied from 0.08 to 0.14, was not sensitive to temperature. The activation energies for [110] direction, [100] direction and [111] direction were 0.50, 0.66 and 1.04eV, respectively. RuO2 cantilever beam with a clean surface was formed at the etching temperatures of 6$0^{\circ}C$ and $65^{\circ}C$. But the damages due to formation of pin holes on RuO2 surface were observed beyond 7$0^{\circ}C$. The tensile stress of RuO2 thin films caused the cantilever bending upward. As a result, it was demonstrated that the formation of conducting oxide RuO2 cantilever beam which can replace the role of an electrode and supporting layer could be possible by TMAH solution.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.163-168
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• 2003

In the present study, the piezoelectricity and polarization of multilayer ceramic actuator, being designed to stack PMN-PZ-PT ceramic layers and Ag-Pd electrode layers alternatively, were investigated under a consideration of geometric factor, the volume ratio of the ceramic to the electrode layers. The actuators were fabricated by tape casting of $0.2Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3)O_3-0.38PbZrO_3-0,42PbTiO_3$ followed by lamination and burnout & co-firing processes. The actuators of $10\times10\times0.6~2\textrm{mm}^3$ in size were formed in a way that $60 ~ 200\mu\textrm{m}$ thick were stacked alternatively with $5\mu\textrm{m}$ thick electrode layer. Increases in polarization and electric field-induced displacement with thickness of the ceramic layer were attributed to change of $90^{\circ}$/$180^{\circ}$ domain ratio, which was affected by interlayer internal stress. The piezoelectricity and actuation behaviors were found to depend upon the volume ratio (or thickness ratio) of ceramic to electrode layers.