• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.159-162
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• 2004

Problems of overlap errors and sidelobe printing by the design rule reduction in the lithography process using attenuated phase-shifting masks(attPSM) have been serious. Overlap errors and sidelobes can be simultaneously solved by the rule-based correction using scattering bars with the rules extracted from test patterns. Process parameters affecting the attPSM lithography simulation have been determined by the fitting method to the process data. Overlap errors have been solved applying the correction rules to the metal patterns overlapped with contact/via. Moreover, the optimal insertion rule of the scattering bars has made it possible to suppress the sidelobes and to get additional pattern fidelity at the same time.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2014

주상복합 아파트는 고급화와 다양한 장점으로 꾸준히 수요가 증가하여 수도권을 중심으로 지속적으로 공급되어 왔다. 지방중소도시의 경우에는 선례도 부족하고 성공을 담보할 수 없어 주상복합 아파트의 공급이 거의 이루어지고 있지 않았다. 현재에는 소득수준이 높아진 지방중소도시에 주상복합 수요가 있으며, 수도권 주택 공급이 포화된 현실에서 새로운 사업으로써 지방중소도시 주상복합 아파트의 공급 사업을 고려할 수 있다. 그러나 사업성의 타당성 분석을 위한 지방중소도시 주택 시장의 기본적인 자료나 관련한 연구가 거의 없는 실정이다. 이에 타당성 분석의 기초가 되는 적정 분양가격을 과거 시장가격이 없는 경우에도 적정가격을 추정할 수 있는 PSM 모델을 활용하여 추정하였다. 더불어 이러한 분양가격과, UTP를 통한 가격의 수요 탄력성, 가격결정 요인을 일반 아파트와 주상복합 아파트의 두 경우로 구분하여 각각 도출하고 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 분석결과 OPP 기준으로 봤을 때 주상복합 아파트의 분양가가 일반 아파트의 분양가에 비해 10.8% 높게 추정되었다. UTP도 주상복합 아파트가 높은 것으로 나타났으며 일반아파트 보다 주상복합 아파트의 가격민감도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 가격결정 요인 분석 결과는 일반 아파트와 주상복합 아파트 모두 응답자 연령, 교육수준이 유의한 것으로 나타났으며 주상복합 아파트의 경우 가족 수도 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 결과를 통해 실무적으로 활용이 가능한 분양가 추정 방법의 제시 뿐만 아니라, 지방중소도시에 주상복합 아파트를 공급할 경우 기존의 일반 아파트에 비해 높은 가격으로 분양가를 산정할 수 있다는 사실을 확인하였다. 더불어 수요탄력성이나 가격결정 요인 등의 결과를 주택 상품 기획을 위한 마케팅 분야에도 활용을 기대할 수 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-35
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to investigate stresses in the various components of fixed partial dentures restoring the posterior teeth of the lower jaw, and to measure quantitatively the effects of certain modifications in structural design on the stresses in the restorations using two-dimensional photoelasticity. Two-dimensional photoelastic methods were used in this study. Several models of fixed partial dentures were constructed. Shoulder less margins and anatomic occlusal reduction were incorporated in Model 1. Rounded shoulders and flat occlusal reduction were incorporated in Model 2, while Model 3 was a cantilever fixed partial denture. Other similar fixed partial dentures were constructed with V and U notches deliverately included in the region of the fixed joints for comparative reasons. The birefringent materials used in this study were PSM-1 and PSM-5 in standard sheets. PSM-1 was used for constructing the substructure, and PSM-5 was used in making the components of the fixed partial dentures. The two materials were used in the construction of composite photoelastic models. Improved artificial stone was used to represent dental cement in luting the composite photoelastic models. Static loading procedures were used at preplanned sites to represent occlusal loads in the mouth. 35 mm color and B/W film were used to record isochromatics in accordance with photoelastic procedures. Data reduction was performed using the grid method, which helped in, the mathematical integration procedure (Shear difference method) to separate the principal stresses. The results were as follows. 1. Fixed partial dentures do not function in bending as a symmetrical beam. Alternate areas of tension and compression were demonstrated when multiple contact loading was used. 2. The weakest part in posterior fixed partial dentures is the fixed joint. 3. (1) Models I and modified Model I were loaded on the pontic using a 50 pound vertical static load. The shear stress near the posterior fixed joint in Model 1 (U notches) was+129.4 p.s.i., and at the same fixed joint in modified Model 1 (V notches) was+239.4 p.s.i. The concentration of stress in fixed joint was reduced by 50% when U notches replaced the V notches. (2) Modified Model 2 was loaded using a multiple contact loader at a total load of 125 pounds. The difference between the principal stresses (${\sigma}_1-{\sigma}_2$), shear stress, at the V notches was+600 p.s.i., and at the U notches was+3l7 p.s.i. The shear stress was reduced by 50% when U notches replaced the V notches. V-grooves at the fixed joints should be avoided, and should be replaced by regular shaped U-grooves. 4. Cantilever fixed partial dentures had much higher stresses at the fixed joint than fixed partial dentures that were attached at both ends.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2009

우리나라 정부의 '06년도 연구개발예산은 8조77백억원 규모로 25년 사이에 670배 증가하였으며, 그 증가율도 지난 10년간 10%대를 유지하였다. 정부의 연구개발예산 또는 연구개발보조금이 증가함에도 불구하고 정부 연구개발 보조금이 민간 자체 연구개발 투자에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 많이 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 정부 연구개발 직접보조금이 기업의 연구개발 투자를 진작 또는 대체 시키는지 여부 및 기업유형, 인종별 정부의 보조금 효과가 달라지는가에 대해 Propensity score matching (PSM)방법을 이용하여 실증 분석하였다. PSM 분석결과 정부의 연구개발 보조금을 받은 기업은 받지 않은 기업보다 연구개발 투자를 평균적으로 7억33백만원 더 지출하였으며, 세부적으로는 대기업과 서비스업의 보조금 수혜기업이 연구개발투자 지출을 더 많이 하였다. 이러한 결과는 정부의 R&D 지원 정책이 기업 특성 등에 따라 보다 맞춤형으로 전환될 필요성이 있다는 점을 보여주고 있다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2017

As the number of tourists visiting Seoul are continuously increasing, the demand of an integrative tour pass is also increasing. However, only a few tour passes are available for the tourists in Seoul. In this paper, we propose a new tour pass called "Seoul Landmark Pass" targeting foreign individual travelers and investigate the marketability of the proposed tour pass. For the configuration of the Seoul Landmark Pass we listed 17 candidate attractions charging entrance fee in Seoul, referring to e-guidebook on Visit Seoul web site. Among them we selected 6 attractions using the checklist with the attributes that foreign tourists would prefer. We also performed SWOT analyzes on existing tour passes to determine the benefits to be included in the proposed tour pass. To investigate the marketability of the proposed tour pass we have surveyed the foreign individual tourists in Seoul. Using the survey data, we have analyzed the intent of purchase by age, visiting period, visiting purpose, frequency of visit, and nationality to identify target customers. The results show that the intent of purchase is high among the Chinese tourists at the age of twenties who visited Seoul for the first time or second times. Also, the individual tourists prefer to bundle T-money card with the proposed tour pass. Finally, we have provided a brief review of the Price Sensitivity Measurement (PSM) method and applied PSM to determine the acceptable price range and the optimal price of the proposed tour pass. The optimal price of the proposed tour pass is determined at 53,000 won including T-money card.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1849-1857
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• 2007

The experiment was carried out using fistulated multiparous Holstein Friesian crossbred (75% Holstein Friesian and 25% Red Sindhi) dairy cows in their dry period fed on untreated rice straw to evaluate the nutritive value of local protein feed resources using the in sacco method and in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion. Experimental feeds were cottonseed meal (CSM); soybean meal (SBM); dried brewery's grains (DBG); palm kernel meal (PSM); cassava hay (CH); leucaena leaf meal (LLM). Each feedstuff was weighed into duplicate nylon bags and incubated in each of the two rumen fistulated cows for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. Rumen feed residues from bags of 16 h incubation were used for estimation of lower gut digestibility by the technique of in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) concentrations did not differ between treatments or time with a mean of 5.5 mg%. Effective degradability of DM of CSM, SBM, DBG, PSM, CH and LLM were 41.9, 56.1, 30.8, 47.0, 41.1 and 47.5%, respectively. Effective degradabilities of the CP in feedstuffs were 49.6, 59.2, 40.9, 33.5, 47.3 and 65.0% for the respective feedstuffs. The CP in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestibility as ranked from the highest to the lowest were SBM, CSM, LLM, CH, DBG, PSM, respectively. The intestinal and total tract digestion of feedstuffs in the current study were relatively lower than that obtained from previous literature. The results of this study indicate that SBM and LLM were highly degradable in the rumen, while CH, CSM and DBG were less degradable and, hence resulted in higher rumen undegradable protein. Soybean meal and LLM could be used to improve rumen ecology whilst CH, CSM and DBG could be used as rumen by-pass protein for ruminant feeding in the tropics.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 학계
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• pp.219-223
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• 2009

This paper is the result of investigation of ONO PPSM(ONO PORTABLE SLIP METER) by way of experiment to see the validity as a slip meter, ONO PPSM is a portable slip meter which was made up for the weak points of O-Y PSM(ONO-YOSHIOKA PULL SLIP METER) which takes an accurate measurement of the slip resistance but very heavy and hard to operate. In order to know the stability of the measurement result of ONO PPSM, we measured the slip resistance against 4 different kind of floor materials. As a result of this, we found out that the coefficient of variability of CSR' is less than 0.05. Also, we verified the relation between CSR' and CSR. more specifically by doing the slip test against 7 different kinds of inorganic matter floor materials. We increased the usability of ONO PPSM as a slip meter by suggesting the method of sharing the evaluation index of slip of CSR' and C.S.R.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2007

As a way of improving the safety of the chemical facilities, the risk based-inspection(RBI) was executed for the facilities of the applied petrochemical plant using KS-RBI Ver. 3.0 program developed based on the API-581 based resource document(BRD). From an evaluation result of KS-RBI program, we could find the evaluation of the process safety management(PSM) for the applied plant, risk of the applied process, risk of static facilities and pipes, and the demage mechanism of the facilities. Also, we could suggest a proper inspection plan(frequency and method of inspection) using the calculated risk and the status of the facilities. Therefore, the applied plant could be achieved a reduced inspection cost by an extension of inspection frequency, improved productivity, improved reliability of the facilities, and a computerized history management.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.301-326
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• 2011

이 연구는 우리나라 노인장기요양보험의 제도성과를 평가하는데 그 목적이 있다. 정확한 제도성과를 추정하기 위하여 준실험적 방법인 성향점수매칭과 이중차이 결합모형을 이용해 타당성을 저해할 수 있는 요인들을 제거하였다. 노인장기요양보험제도가 사회적 성과변수인 대상노인과 부양가족의 삶의 질과 가족관계 만족도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 한국복지패널 3-4차 조사자료를 이용하여 성향점수추정을 통해 실험집단과 비교집단을 매칭한 후, 정책시행 이전과 이후 실험집단과 비교집단 간의 성과의 차이를 추정하기 위해 패널고정효과모형을 이용한 이중차이분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 노인장기요양보험제도의 대상노인과 부양가족의 삶의 질은 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았고, 가족관계 만족도는 제도시행 이전에 비해 제도시행 이후 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 노인장기요양보험이 실시되고 제도가 충분히 성숙된 시점에 이루어진 평가가 아니라는 한계점을 가지지만, 노인장기요양보험제도의 최종 목표인 대상노인과 부양가족의 삶의 질 향상이라는 정책의 목표실현과 향후 제도개선에 있어서 중요한 함의를 가진다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2018

Purpose - The Export Infrastructure Strengthening Program(EISP) is a project to expand exports of agri-food products through providing customized export information to food distribution companies and supporting overseas information activities. A total of 39.6 billion won was provided by 2016. So, the purpose of this study is to analyze whether EISP is effective for expanding exports of agri-food products. Research design, data, and methodology - A simple average difference between the export performance of the policy beneficiaries and the non-policy beneficiaries can be biased if the export capacity or inherent characteristics of the enterprise are not taken into consideration. In order to solve the problem of such a bias, the propensity score matching(PSM) method has been employed in this study. PSM is a method of converting the characteristics of an export company into an index through logit analysis and then reducing the matching to one dimension to improve the accuracy of the performance measurement. Results - The balancing test was conducted to determine how the characteristics of the policy beneficiary group and the matched policy non-beneficiary group corresponded to each other. As a result of the test, we could not reject the null hypothesis that there was no difference between the two groups, so that after the matching, the two groups were similar and the explanatory variables were well controlled. Using the nearest neighbor matching with propensity score estimating through logit analysis, we estimated average treatment effect on the treated(ATT). The food companies participating the EISP had the effect of increasing the exports of $ 5.88 million. As a result, the number of export contracts increased by 11.77, the number of exporting countries by 7.52, the number of export items by 47.51, and the number of buyers' consultation by 3.50. And overseas marketing expenses increased by 35.92 million won. Except for the number of export contracts, other export performance results showed statistically significant results. Conclusions - As the EISP has a positive effect on the expansion of agro-food exports, efforts should be made to find out the limitations or problems of the policy in the future and to make a greater contribution to the increase of exports.