• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the effect of parental attitude on the behavioral problems in children who visited the traditional Korean pediatrics clinic. Methods The subjects were consist of 190 outpatients ($56.6{\pm}12.9$ months) and their mother. The Behavior problems of children were measured with Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (K-CBCL1.5-5) while parental perception of child vulnerability, parent overprotection, parenting stress were measured by Child Vulnerability Scale (CVS), Parent Protection Scale (PPS), Korean-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form scale (K-PSI-SF), respectively. Correlation and multiple regression were conducted for the analysis. Results Significant correlations between child total problems score and child vulnerability (r=.272, p<.001), parent overprotection (r=.243, p=.001), and parenting stress (r=.597, p<.001) were reported. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the parenting stress (${\beta}$=.548, p<.001) was a major predictor for the child behavior problems rather than child vulnerability and parent overprotection. Conclusions It was shown that the parenting stress has a significant influence on the emotional and behavioral development of children. These results can be useful for improving clinical diagnosis and treatment in traditional Korean pediatrics.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.41-54
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of husband's emotional support and mother-teacher partnership on maternal parenting stress. The participants in this study consisted of 216 mothers with children(aged 4-5years). Husband's emotional support was measured by the Parenting Alliance Inventory(PAI, R. R. Abidin, 1988) revised by R. R. Abidin and J. F. Brunner(1995). Mother-teacher partnership was measured using the Caregiver-Parent Partnership Scale(A. M. Ware, B. Barfoot, A. S. Rusher & M. T. Owen, 1995) revised by M. T. Owen, A. M. Ware and B. Barfoot(2000). Parental Stress was measured by the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF, R. R. Abidin, 1995) revised by M. E. Haskett, L. S. Ahern, C. S. Ward and J. C. Allaire(2006). The data were analyzed through mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows: First, the mean score of husband's emotional support was higher than average and the mean score of mother-teacher partnership was an average level. Parenting stress was lower than average. Second, there were statistically differences in maternal parental stress according to number of children and mother's educational level. Third, husband's emotional support and mother-teacher partnership were influenced by maternal parental stress. The results of this study are important because they show mothers, fathers, and teachers ways to reduce maternal parental stress.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.228-235
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study was conducted to compare the object relations and parenting behavior of the mothers of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with that of the mothers with normal children. Methods : In this study, we studied 64 mothers of children who were diagnosed with ADHD and 90 mothers of normal children. The mothers completed the Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI), the Parenting Behavior Inventory (PBI), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. Results : As compared with the mothers of normal children, the mothers of children with ADHD showed significantly different results for the parenting stress and parenting efficacy. For parenting behavior, the mothers of children with ADHD perceived their mothering as being more neglectful. On the other hand, the mothers of the normal control group perceived their mothering as being more affectionate and the fathers as being more reasonable and monitoring. Conclusion : This study suggests there is a significant difference of object relation between the mothers of children with ADHD and the mothers with normal children. The object relation pathology of the mothers of children with ADHD might contribute to impaired parenting behavior. The result of the present study indicate that inadequate grandparental rearing behavior affects the insecure object relation of their child (the mother), and a mother's insecure object relation affects their parental stress and parenting efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.106-116
• /
• 1992

This study were purposed to find out parental perceptions of child adjustment associated with parenting stress with autistic children and differences of parenting stress between autistic children's parents and normal children's. Subjects were 27 autistic children's parents, 28 normal children's, 4 teachers with autistic children. 'Scales were Parenting Stress Index(PSI), Eyberg Child Behavior Index(ECBI), Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS), Social Maturing Scale(SMS). The results of this study were as follows. 1) In total parenting stress, parents with autistic children had significantly higher scores than normal's. 2) In child domain of parenting stress, fathers with autistic children had significantly higher than mothers on the other components except Mood and Demandingness. 3) In parent domain of parenting stress, parents with autistic children had significantly higher than nomal's on Restrict of role, Attachment, Sense of Competence. All mothers of normal and autistic children had significantly higher than fathers on the other components except Repression. 4) In parenting perceptions associated with parenting stress level of autistic children's parents. Low level group perceived their children as higher adaptibility than teacher's evaluation and high level group perceived them as equal to teacher's.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.123-136
• /
• 2005

This research is to compare the infant's temperament and parenting stress perceived by premature infants' mother and full-term infants' mother. It aims at establishing the healthy relationship between mothers and infants. It investigates the basic data of nursing intervention program to help the mother of premature infant. The period of data collection was from May 1, 2005 to May 30, 2005, and the subjects were total 123 mothers: 44 mothers of premature infants and 79 mothers of full-term infants under 6 months who visited general hospitals, individual pediatrics, and health center located in G city. "What My Baby Is Like(WBL)" developed by Pridham, Chang, and Chiu(1994) and translated by Bang Kyeong Sook(1999) was used as a measuring instrument of infants' temperament, and Parenting Stress Index (PSI) developed by Abidin(1990) and revised and complemented by Kim Dong Hee(1997) was used as a measuring instrument of parenting stress. Collected Data were analyzed through $X^2$-test, t-test, Pearson's correlation with SPSS 12.0 window program. The results are as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in the infant's temperament perceived by premature infants' mothers and full-term infants' mothers (t=-4.08, p=.00). In subcategory, there were significant difference between premature infants' mother and full-term infants' mother in geniality(t=-3.62, p=.00), adaptation(t=-3.43, p=.00) and reaction(t=-2.01, p=.05). 2. There was a significant difference in parenting stress between premature infants' mother and full-term infants' mother(t=6.57, p=.00). The parenting stress of premature infants mothers appeared to be higher than full-term infants' mothers. They showed the higher stress in the mother-child relationship area(t=6.27, p=.00) and child area(t=7.38, p=.00) among 3 areas of parenting stress. 3. There were negative correlation between infants' temperament and parenting stress. As mothers perceived the infant's temperament negatively, the parenting stress. Especially, the negative correlation of infants' temperament and parenting stress of premature infants' mothers(r=-.44) was stronger than that of full-term infants' mothers(r=-37). From the research, as mothers of premature infants receive more stress, their stress can cause the serious problem to the relationship of the mother and the infant. Therefore, the nursing intervention should be carried out in order to change the negative perception of mothers towards their infants into the positive perception reduce the parenting stress.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.99-112
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study was to investigate the associations of Parent Stress Index(PS]). Way of Coping Checklist(WCC). and Diagnostic System of Oriental Medicine(DSOM) in mothers of elementary school children. Methods: In the study. K-PSI-SF. WCC. and DSOM were carried out on 202 mothers of O Oelementary school children during June. 2010. Cross tabulation analysis was used to verify the association of PSI. WCC and DSOM. Results: 1. The most common pathogenic factor was Dampness(濕) in total subjects. 2. The score of problem-focused coping methods showed significant difference in PSI grades. 3. The zp and sc10 of Qi deficiency(氣虛), Blood deficiency(血虛), Qi-Stagnation(氣滯), Insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), Heat(熱), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Liver(肝), Heart(心), and Kidney(腎) showed significant difference in PSI grades. 4. The score of total PSI and PSI subscale had negative correlations with problem-focused coping methods 5. The score of total PSI had positive correlations with Qi-Stagnation (氣滯), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Heart(心), and Kidney(腎) in total subjects. Conclusions : This study provides insights on associations of parenting stress coping methods and diagnostic system in Oriental Medicine. Furthermore, the study shows positive correlations among Qi-Stagnation (氣滯), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Heart(心), Kidney(腎) and PSI, and negative correlations between PSI and Problem-focused coping methods, all with statistical significance.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.52-67
• /
• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects and develop the contents of a children's care program with traditional Korean medicine in a public health center. Methods: Data were collected from 28 parents who participated in a children care program with traditional Korean medicine. The program was started in June of 2011 in Gangjin-Gun public health center and finished in September of the same year. The questionnaires to measure effect and satisfaction with the program were composed of demographic items, family information, Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), Parenting Stress Index (PSI), children health improvement checklist, etc. The questionnaires were executed before and after the program. Results: The PWBS scores increased (4.00, 3.66) and PSI scores decreased (-7.30. -5.95) significantly after the program. The satisfaction with the program was 100%, and 94% in the two groups, and treatment and lecture were mentioned as the best aspects of the program. Eating habits, sleep conditions, and activity also improved after the program. Conclusions: From these results, the children care program with traditional Korean medicine is worthy for improving children's health condition and reducing their parents' stress.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.187-202
• /
• 2018

Objective: The study aims to examine fathers' parental stress and the variables effecting parental stress of fathers with infants. Methods: One hundred seventeen fathers with 0 to 2 year-olds were recruited from daycare centers in Daejeon metropolitan city. The Korean version of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (K-PSI-SF) by Lee, Jung, Park and Kim(2008), The Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (Koss-SF) by Jang and Ko(2005), and the Revised-Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale(RKMSS) by Chung (2004) were used to measure fathers'parental stress, occupational stress, and marital satisfaction. Results: First, the most influential variable that affected father's parental stress was their marital satisfaction. The fathers felt less parental stress when they felt higher marital satisfaction. Second, fathers felt less parental stress when their occupational environments were family friendly. Conclusion/Implications: Ways to improve mariatal satisfacation and a family friendly evironment at work should be sought out in order to lessen the parental stress of fathers raising infants.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.74-82
• /
• 2011

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sustained attention deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) children and short-term Heart Rate Variability(HRV) parameters. In addition, we evaluate the relationship between The ADHD rating scale(ARS), the computerized ADHD diagnostic system(ADS) and Parenting stress index- short form(PSI-SF). Methods:This study was performed in the department of children and Adolescent psychiatry, Korea university Guro hospital from august 2008 to January 2009. We evaluated HRV parameters by short-term recordings of 5 minutes. K-ARS and ADS are used for screening and identifying ADHD children. Intelligence was measured using Korean educational Developmental Institute-wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The caregivers Complete Parenting Stress Index scale for evaluation parent stress. Results:The low frequency(LF) was significantly correlated with response variability of ADS. However, the other variables of ARS and ADS were not significantly correlated with LF. Hyperactivity subscale of ARS was significantly correlated with parental distress subscale and difficult child subscale of PSI-SF and inattention subscale of ARS was also significantly correlated with dysfunctional interaction and difficult child subscale of PSI-SF. Conclusion:The LF, 0.10-Hz component of HRV is known to measure effort allocation. This study shows that the LF component of HRV is significantly correlated with the response variability of ADS. This means that more severe symptoms of ADHD were correlated with the increase in the LF that means decreased effort allocation. These results also support the clinical usability of HRV in the assessment of ADHD. Furthermore, PSI-SF is correlated with hyperactivity and inattention variables of ARS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.1170-1177
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between infant's mothers parenting stress, anger and anger expression patterns: The data for this study was collected from 205 among the 3 to 6 years old infant's mothers who attend to the three kindergartens and seven children's house. The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire, PSI(Parenting Stress Index Short Form by Abidin), Anger and Anger-expression patterns. Regression analysis was the statistical method used for data analysis. Results: There were significant positive correlations in the infant's mothers parenting stress, state-trait anger and anger out/in. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that infant's mothers parenting stress, state and trait anger were significant variables predicting mother's anger expression patterns. Conclusion: This study suggests that the parental education program are necessary which a infant's mother can express positively about anger and decrease parenting stress.