• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.763-768
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• 2004

To investigate the feasibility of developing a new quercetin transdermal system, a preformulation study was carried out. Therefore, the effects of vehicles and pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) on the in vitro permeation of quercetin across dorsal hairless mouse skin were studied. Among vehicles used, propylene glycol monocaprylate (PGMC) and propylene glycol mono-laurate were found to have relatively high permeation flux from solution formulation (i.e., the permeation fluxes were 17.25$\pm$1.96 and 9.60$\pm$3.87 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/h, respectively). The release rate from PSA formulations followed a matrix-controlled diffusion model and was mainly affected by the amount of PSA and drug loaded. The overall permeation fluxes from PSA formulations were less than 0.30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/h, which were significantly lower compared to those obtained from solution formulations. The lower permeation fluxes may be due to the decrease of solubility and diffusivity of quercetin in the PSA layer, considering the fact that the highest flux of 0.26 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/h was obtained with the addition of 0.2％ butylated hydroxyanisole in PGMC-diethyl-ene glycol monoethyl ether co-solvents (80-85 ： 15-20, v/v). Taken together, these observations indicate that improvement in the solubility and diffusivity of quercetin is necessary to realize fully the clinically applicable transdermal delivery system for the drug.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

Several dual-curable acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) were synthesized by the radical polymerization of acrylic monomers containing benzophenone, hydroxyl, and alkyl groups. The optimum extent of UV-induced cure was determined by varying the content of the benzophenone groups (the photoinitiator) from 0.5 to 1.5 wt%. The weight average molecular weight of the polymers obtained ranged from 300,000 to 700,000 amu. The coated pressure-sensitive adhesives were cured either by short UV exposure to induce the grafting of acrylic polymers, or by heating for 6 hat $60^{\circ}C$ to promote the reactions between the polyisocyanates and hydroxyl groups. The dual-curing behavior was determined by monitoring both processes quantitatively by infrared spectroscopy. The developed dual-curable acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives were found to compensate for the limitations in UV-induced curing of thick coatings.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

Transparent acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were successfully prepared by photopolymerization with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) as a default constituent and with isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) and N-(isobutoxymethyl)acrylamide (IBMA) as a variable constituent. The IBMA mole fraction effect in the acrylic PSAs was investigated on adhesion performances and the optical properties including 85/85 test as well as the characteristics (solid content, and molecular weight) of the PSA syrups were also investigated. Regardless increasing the IBMA mole fraction in the acrylic PSAs, the acrylic PSAs exhibited almost the same adhesion performance such as $180^{\circ}$ peel strength (~4.0 kg/25 mm) and probe tack (~0.27 kg). All the acrylic PSA samples also showed high transmittance (more than 91%), low haze (less than 1.0%) and low color-difference (less than 1.0) before and after 85/85 test.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1997

Most of the materials used in various industrial fields and also in our daily life are multi-component materials or composite materials, and it is well known that there are many cases where adhesion between the constituents within the bonded systems plays an important role. There are various types of performance evaluation tests for the bonded materials, among which tests for evaluating the bond performance under various conditions may be regarded as the most interesting ones for those engaged in work related to adhesion. I have studied on the mechanism of adhesion form the rheological standpoint with my colleagues, including some students from Korea, and I am very happy to be able to have a talk on some of our research works. In Japan, the so-called "adhesives" are usually classified into two categories;adhesives and pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA). Adhesives are the materials which solidify after bonding and are after used as the structural adhesives because the adhesive strength is comparatively strong. On the other hand, the pressure sensitive adhesives never solidify and are used as PSA tapes, labels or decals. About the adhesives, we have examined the dependence of adhesive strength(shear, tensile, peel) upon both temperature and rate of deformation, and found out some empirical rules which are applicable to most of the adhesive systems. We have also developed a simplified theory of adhesion, which is deseribed in terms of mechanical equivalent mode1 and a few failure criteria. Although some of the common rules can be accounted for according to this theory, it must be pointed out that a fracture mechanical approach ms inevitable especially in the region where the meehanical relaxation time of the adhesive is extremely large [W. W. Lim and H. Mizumachi]. About the pressure sensitive adhesives, we have studied on the PSA performance (peel, tack, holding power) as a function of both the viscoelastic properties and surface chemical properties of the materials, and found out some rules, and again we have developed a theory which deseribes the mechanism. And in addition, we have studied on the miscibility between linear polymers and oligomers, because PSA is generally manufactured by blending gums and tackifier resins. Many phase diagrams have been found and some of them have been analyzed on thermodynamic basis, and it became evident that the miscibility is a very important factor in PSA [H. J. Kin and H. Mizumachi]. In this presentation, I want to emphasize the fact that the adhesion performance is closely related to the structure/property of the adhesives.adhesives.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.525-532
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• 2008

To prepare a solution type acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, quarter polymers were synthesized from butyl acrylate(BA), 2-ethylhexylacrylate(2-EHA) as a base monomer, methyl methacrylate(MMA) as a comonomer, each of methacrylic acid(MAA), acrylic acid(AA) as a functional monomer. Acrylic solution type pressure-sensitive adhesives(PSA's) of isocyanate derivative crosslinking PSA's were prepared by crosslinking of BEMM, BEMA with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate. The structure of adhesive was identified by FT-IR. The viscosity was measured by using Brookfield DV-III and molecular weight was measured by using gel permeation chromatography. The physical properties of polyethylene film coated with BEMMT, BEMAT were measured as a function of the concentration. As the result, BEMMT(0.6, 0.8), BEMAT(0.6) showed peel adhesion of $160{\sim}180\;g_f$/25 mm width and shear adhesion of more than 24 hours, and tackiness of $4/32{\sim}6/32$ which was relevant to commercial usage.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2003

The effects of various pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) and enhancers on the percutaneous absorption of tulobuterol were investigated. The permeation rate of tulobuterol through hairless mouse skin from various adhesives was evaluated using a flow-through diffusion cell system at $37^{\circ}C$. The permeability of tulobuterol was variable depending on the physicochemical property of the PSA. The permeation rate of tulobuterol from polyethylene oxide grafted acrylic adhesive matrix was higher than that from other PSA matrices. The flux of tulobuterol was $4.37{\pm}0.34\;{\mu}g/hr/cm^2$ from polyethylene oxide grafted acrylic adhesive matrix. When the effects of various enhancers on the percutaneous absorption of tulobuterol from grafted acrylic adhesive were evaluated, Plurol $oleique^{\circledR}$ showed higher flux than all other enhancers tested.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2020

수계 압력감응점착제(PSA)는 유해성 휘발성유기용매 사용을 최소화할 수 있는 친환경 기술로써 학계와 산업계에서 큰 관심을 받아왔다. 수계 PSA의 합성은 유화중합을 이용하는데 이 때 이용되는 페놀계 계면활성제는 환경 및 인체유해성이 높아 이를 대체할 수 있는 신규 계면활성제 개발이 산업적으로 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 환경유해성 페놀계 CO-436 계면활성제를 대체할 수 있는 스티렌페놀계 계면활성제를 이용하여 수계 PSA를 합성하고 스티렌페놀계 계면활성제의 종류 및 농도에 따른 수계 PSA의 물성과 산업계 응용 가능성에 대해 알아보고자 한다.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

본 연구는 식품연포장 적층 라미네이트에 주로 사용되는 유성접착제를 대체하기 위해 아크릴 수성화방법을 활용하여 친환경적인 수성 점착제를 설계하였다. 방법으로는 음이온/비이온 그리고 인산에스테르 계면활성제들의 조합과 분자량조절제(chain transfer agent, CTA)의 양을 달리하고, 기능성단량체(functional monomer)의 종류를 달리하였다. 합성된 점착제의 가교 정도와 분자량의 영향을 각각 실험군 8종으로 점착제를 설계 합성하고 조사하였다. 그리고 별도로 분자량이 서로 다른 styrene/alpha-methyl styrene/acrylic acid (SAA) semipolymer 분산제(Mw = 13,000과 Mw = 8,600)를 기존의 계면활성제를 대신하여 사용해 감압점착제(Pressure Sensitive Adhesive, PSA)의 물성을 조사하였다. 합성된 10종의 감압점착제가 유연포장용 기본 물성 규격에 적합한지를 DSC, 입자크기, adhesion, 분자량의 물성 분석으로 평가하였다. 실험 결과 계면활성제는 음이온/비이온 조합으로, CTA는 0.2%로 기능성 단량체는 HEA, GMA를 사용한 점착제 2개의 실험군에서 유연포장에 적용 가능한 분자량과 유연성, 낮은 접착력, 작은 입자의 물성을 확인하였다.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2014

Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)계 석유수지는 많은 분야에서 점착부여수지로 널리 사용되고 있다. 특히, 수소첨가 반응으로 수지 내 이중결합을 수소로 치환시킨 수첨(水添) DCPD계 석유수지는 무색투명의 색상과 빛과 열에 대한 우수한 안정성으로 인해, 고급 핫멜트접착제(hot melt adhesives, 이하 HMAs) 또는 열용융형 감압접착제(hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives, 이하 HMPSAs) 용도에 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 수첨 DCPD계 석유수지가 SIS와 SBS와 같은 SBCs를 기본 엘라스토머로 사용한 HMPSAs에서 점착부여수지로 사용될 때의 접착성능에 대해 논의하며, 점착부여 수지의 특성과 HMPSAs의 접착성능과의 상관관계를 보여준다. 높은 연화점의 점착부여수지를 사용할 수록 HMPSAs의 $T_g$, 연화점 그리고 crossover temperature가 높아졌다. 높은 방향족 모노머 함량의 점착부여수지를 사용할 경우에는, PSAs의 crossover temperature 및 연화점 감소로 확인할 수 있듯이 PSAs의 내열온도를 저하시키는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) for the combination of physostigmine and procyclidine. The effects of various pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) on the percutaneous absorption of procyclidine across hairless mouse skin were evaluated to select an appropriate PSA. In addition, the influences of various vehicles on the percutaneous absorption of procyclidine from PSA matrix across hairless mouse skin were evaluated using flow-through diffusion cell system at $37^{\circ}C$. Physostigmine did not have any influence on the permeation rate of procyclidine. The flux of procyclidine was the highest in silicone and PIB and was relatively lower in SIS, Acryl, and SBS adhesive matrices, however, their use was limited by the crystallization of the drug in the matrix. Among acrylic adhesives, the permeability of procyclidine was the highest from poly (ethylene oxide) grafted acrylic adhesive. Some enhancers show different enhancing effect depending on the drug, however, many of the tested enhancers showed enhancing effect for the permeation of both procyclidine and physostigmine to some extent. $Crovol^{\circledR}$ EP 40 showed the highest enhancing effect on the permeation of both compounds. The size of TDDS to provide required permeation rate was estimated to be $35\;cm^2$ based on available information.