• Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.15-29
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• 2003

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1615-1622
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• 2011

A factorial ($4{\times}2{\times}2$) experimental design was employed to determine apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), protein, lipid, energy and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of the test diets containing either ${\alpha}$-potato starch (A-PS), ${\beta}$-potato starch (B-PS), ${\beta}$-corn starch (B-CS) or dextrin (DEX) as dietary carbohydrate energy for juvenile (average weight 30 g) and grower (average weight 300 g) rockfish reared at 13$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$. Chromic oxide was used as an inert marker. Feces were collected by fecal collectors attached to rearing tanks from triplicate groups of juvenile and grower rockfish. Digestibilities of DM, energy and NFE of the test diets were significantly affected by dietary carbohydrate and water temperature (p<0.01), but not by fish size. DM digestibility of the fish fed the A-PS diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed other treatments, except for the DEX diet at 20$^{\circ}C$. DM digestibility of rockfish fed the B-CS diet was significantly lower than that of other diets. A similar pattern was observed in apparent digestibility of energy. NFE digestibility of fish fed the test diets was significantly affected by carbohydrate and significantly correlated to DM (r = 0.97, p<0.01) and energy (r = 0.99, p<0.01) digestibilities, regardless of water temperature and fish size. NFE digestibility of the fish fed the ${\beta}$-starch diets was relatively lower compared to that of the ${\alpha}$-starch diets, and ranged from 35 to 43% and 20 to 27% for B-PS and B-CS, respectively. The present findings indicate that carbohydrate and water temperature significantly affected digestibilities of dry matter, energy and nitrogen-free extract of rockfish. Among dietary carbohydrates, ${\alpha}$-potato starch could be effectively used as dietary carbohydrate energy for rockfish at 13$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.449-454
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• 2016

In this study, highly monodispersed porous carbon microcapsules with a hollow core were synthesized using polystyrene (PS) beads as a hard template. The surface of PS was first modified with polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP) for the easy attachment of inorganic silica sol. After coating the surface of PVP modified PS microspheres with SBA-16 sol, the carbon microcapsules with a hollow macroporous core were fabricated through reverse replication method by filling carbon sources in the mesopores of silica mold. The hollow carbons having a mesoporous shell structure and narrow particle size distribution could be obtained after the carbonization of carbon source and the dissolution of silica mold by HF solution. The mesoporous characteristics and electrochemical properties of hollow carbon microcapsules were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, $N_2$ adsorption/desorption analysis and cyclic voltammetry. They showed the high electric conductivity and capability for use as efficient electro-materials such as a supercapacitor.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.356-360
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• 2002

The seedlings of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poeppig ＆ Endlicher), which were cuttings, plug seedling (PS), crown bud before sprouting (CBBS), crown bud after sprouting (CBAS), and divided seedling after budding (DSAB) were planted at 70$\times$50 cm planting distance on ridge; that was interow spacingintrarow spacing, and about 28,500$\pm$71 plants/ha. CBBS didn't need work and equipment to raise seedlings. PS and DSAB grew taller to 140.5 and 143.3cm, respectively, than others at 150 days after planting. In the changes of plant height, PS and DSAB showed taller than others during growth period, cuttings, CBBS, and CBAS grew rapidly in middle growth stage. Excepting main stem and petiole length, other characters were significant for seedling. Fresh weights were different among seedlings. Even though the yield of plants grown from CBAS and CBBS were lower with 34.7 and 36.4 ton/ha, respectively, than 3.6 ton/ha of DSAB; its yield index were over 95%, hence, those of plants grown from cutting and PS were lower with 73 and 87%, respectively. The ratio of tuberous roots over 200g to total tuberous roots per plant was the highest from DSAB. Most of tuberous roots were under 200g per tuberous root from cuttings. CBBS, CBAS, and DSAB are suitable to use seedlings for high yield of yacono. Yacon plant by DSAB much produced tuberous root of over 200g.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2004

The effects of liquid culture conditions and nutrient sources on the formation of protein-binding polysaccharide (PS) in Cordyceps militaris were examined. The formation amount of PS was increased in proportion to the growth rate of mycelium, in case of higher aeration or lower acidity. The optimum growth temperature of the mycelia was 25$^{\circ}C$ for the formation of PS. The optimum carbon source and nitrogen source were glucose and peptone, respectively. The ratio of C/N was optimal with 3％ glucose to 0.5 ％ peptone. The sugar composition in the PS was greatly changed according to the carbon sources. The mycelium of Cordyceps militaris by liquid culture showed a higher electron donating ability than that by solid culture.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.445-456
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• 1998

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of a medium scale rice polisher of 2.5 t/h and to improve its performance for producing the clean rice with high quality. The maximum internal pressure, broken rice ratio. whiteness in the rice polisher were investigated, and the effects of outlet resistance, water spraying rate, shaft revolution speed and rice moisture content on the polishing performance were analyzed to find out proper operating conditions. The conclusions of this study were as follows: 1. In the performance evaluation of the polisher, the broken rice ratio increment of 0.1%, the max. internal pressure of about 11 N/${cm}^2$, and whiteness increment of 2.2~3.7 resulted at the conditions of 20 PS driving power, 950 rpm, 150 cc/min water spraying rate, 44.1 Nㆍcm outlet resistance and about 15% rice moisture content. 2. Though max. internal pressure and whiteness at the 17% rice moisture content were higher than those at the 15% moisture content under the same operating conditions of the polisher, but the broken rice rate at the 17% moisture content was absolutely low compared with that at 15% moisture content. The water spraying effect to reduce broken rice and to increase whiteness was much significant at the 15% moisture content not significant at 17% moisture content. 3. The main parameter of the performance was outlet resistance, and low resistance of about 44.1 Nㆍcm was recommended at the polisher. 4. The proper water spraying rate in the polisher was about 150 cc/min. 5. As the shaft revolution speed decreased from 950 rpm and 800 rpm to 650 rpm, the broken rice ratio increased and whiteness decreased. 6. As the driving power of the polisher increased from 20 PS to 30 PS, the max. internal pressure decreased by about 1~2.5 N/${cm}^2$ and whiteness increased by about 1~2, but the broken rice rate was not changed. 7. The proper operating conditions of the polisher seemed to be the revolution speed of 800-950 rpm, the water spraying rate of about 150 cc/min, the oulet resistance of about 44.1 N.cm and 30 PS driving power.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2020

Background: The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is gaining attention as an efficient decomposer of food waste. However, recalcitrant compounds such as plastics mixed into food waste may have negative effects on its growth and survival. Moreover, its efficiency of food waste degradation may also be affected by plastics. In addition, salt (NaCl) can also be present in high concentrations, which also reduces the efficiency of H. illucens-mediated food waste treatment. In this study, we assessed the growth of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared on food waste containing polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) and NaCl. The weight of BSFL was measured every 2-4 days. Survival and substrate reduction rates and pupation ratio were determined at the end of the experiment. Results: The total larval weight of Hermetia illucens reared on food waste containing PS was greater than that of the control on days 20 and 24. However, the survival rate was lower in the group treated with 5% PS, as was substrate reduction in all PS-treated groups. The weight of BSFL reared on food waste containing PE was lower than that of the control on day 6. PE in food waste did not affect the survival rate, but the pupation ratio increased and substrate consumption decreased with increasing PE concentrations. Regardless of the plastic type, the addition of NaCl resulted in decreased larval weight and pupation ratio. Conclusions: Larval growth of black soldier fly was inhibited not by plastics but by substrate salinity. Additional safety assessments of larvae reared on food waste containing impurities are needed to enable wider application of BSFL in vermicomposting.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2014

Objective : We evaluated pseudoprogression (PsPD) following radiation therapy combined with concurrent temozolomide (TMZ), and we assessed pseudoresponse following anti-angiogenic therapy for patients with recurrent disease using the Response Assessment of the Neuro-Oncology Working Group. Methods : Patients who were pathologically confirmed as having high-grade glioma received radiotherapy with concurrent TMZ followed by adjuvant TMZ. Bevacizumab (Avastin) with CPT-11 were used as a salvage option for cases of radiologic progression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was routinely performed 1 month after concurrent radiochemotherapy (CRT) and every 3 months thereafter. For cases treated with the bevacizumab-containing regimen for progressive disease, MRI was performed every 2 months. Results : Of 55 patients, 21 (38%) showed radiologic progression within 4 weeks after CRT. Of these patients, 16 (29%) showed progression at second post-CRT MRI (etPD) and five (9%) showed improvement (PsPD). Seven of thirty-four initially non-progressed patients showed progression at the second post-CRT MRI (ltPD). No difference in survival was observed between the etPD and ltPD groups (p=0.595). Five (50%) of ten patients showed a radiological response after salvage bevacizumab therapy. Four of those patients exhibited rapid progression immediately after discontinuation of the drug (drug holiday). Conclusion : Twelve weeks following treatment could be the optimal timing to determine PsPD or true progression. MRI with gadolinium enhancement alone is not sufficient to characterize tumor response or growth. Clinical correlation with adequate follow-up duration and histopathologic validation may be helpful in discriminating PsPD from true progression.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was (1) to examine the effects of a Health Promotion Exercise Program (HPEP) on functional improvement, physical strength (PS) and muscle activation (MA), and the interactive influence with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IDAL) in the elderly, and (2) to develop and provide a HPEP for the elderly in order to prevent declines and impairments in integrated nerve function and physical capacity. Methods: Our study included relatively healthy elderly people aged 65 years or older. The experimental group, which was composed of 30 people, participated in a HPEP 50~60 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated the measurement models for MA, physical strength, ADL and IADL with a p<0.01. This confirms (i) the beneficial effects of the ADFP on their MA and PS, and (ii) that their improvement in PS, in turn, can improve their IADL. The results of this study indicates that ADFP can help Korean seniors 65 years or older improve their MA, PS, ADL, and IADL, and do so synergistically. Conclusion: An HPEP, when organized in such a way that the elderly can easily do it, and when exercise items and intensity can be programmed and reorganized accordingly to individual physical and physiological characteristics by presenting 5 categorized health domains of physical strength, may be useful, especially because it can be practiced irrespective of time and place.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2016

Quitline activity in Rajasthan, India is a voluntary activity of Rajasthan Cancer Foundation (RCF) since April 2013. To kick-off, it took the benefit of the State Government- PIRAMAL SWASTHYA (PS)1 collaborative 104 Health Information Helpline that existed already in public-private partnership. It is a reactive quitline that helps callers through the counselors and nursing staff trained specifically through the weekly sessions held by the first author, the RCF resource on quitline. Besides structuring of the scripts for primary intervention and follow-ups after 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and a year, he also monitors calls, advices and coordinates with the supervisors to manage and analyze the data base, and reports to the PS lead at the Jaipur Center on overall performance and to plan strategic communication with the State Government on its outcomes. The quitline has limitations of its informal existence through a voluntary effort of RCF, no specific resource allocation, suboptimal data management, minimal awareness in the masses due to poor IEC (Information, Education and Communication; except its efforts made by RCF in last 1 year through the government-run State TV and City Radio) and staff shortage and its attrition due to lack of plan for career advancement. Despite these challenges in the year 2013, the quit line has registered a quit rate (for complete abstinence) of 19.93% amongst 1525 callers. The quit rate were 58.01% (304/ 524) among the responders at the 3rd follow-up at 18 months (in September 2014)2. In view of an increase in quit rate by 5- 9 times over the prevailing quit rate in the former ever daily users [both smokers and the users of smokeless tobacco (SLT)], efforts are being made by RCF in concurrence with PS to have this cost-effective model established formally with optimal resource allocation in collaboration with willing agencies (the State and Central Governments and the International Quitline Agencies) and its replication in 4 more states where PS is collaborating with the respective state governments similarly (Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Karnataka).