• Brain Tumor Research and Treatment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.54-59
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• 2018

Background Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is an uncommon, but devastating complication of advanced cancer and has no standard treatment. Herein, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with solid tumors who were diagnosed with LM. Methods Between January 2007 and December 2017, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with solid tumors who were diagnosed with LM. Results A total of 58 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age of patients was 51 years (range, 27-72 years), and 62.1% had a poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) (>2). The common types of primary tumor were breast cancer (39.7%), gastric cancer (25.9%), and non-small cell lung cancer (20.7%). Forty-two patients (72.4%) were diagnosed with LM by MRI of the brain and/or spine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, 14 were diagnosed by CSF analysis alone, and 2 were diagnosed by MRI alone. Treatments for LM were performed in 53 patients (91.4%), and best supportive care was provided for 5 patients (8.6%). Intrathecal chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy were administered in 43 (74.1%), 17 (29.3%), and 24 (41.4%) patients, respectively. The median overall survival of the entire cohort was 2.4 months (95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.7). In the analysis of prognostic factors for survival, a good ECOG PS (${\leq}2$), administration of systemic chemotherapy after LM diagnosis, and a prior history of brain radiation were associated with prolonged survival. Conclusion Although the prognosis of LM in patients with solid tumors is poor, systemic chemotherapy might improve survival in selected patients with a good PS.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2021

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG phosphorothioate (PS CpG-ODN) are known to decrease IgE synthesis in Th2 allergy responses. Nonetheless, the therapeutic role of PS CpG-ODN is limited due to cytotoxicity. Therefore, we developed a phosphodiester (PO) form of CpG-ODN (46O) with reduced toxicity but effective against allergies. In this study, we first compared the toxicity of 46O with CpG-ODNs containing a PS backbone (1826S). We also investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of 46O injected intravenously in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD). To elucidate the mechanism of 46O underlying the inhibition of IgE production, IgE- and TGF-β-associated molecules were evaluated in CD40/IL-4- or LPS/IL-4-stimulated B cells. Our data showed that the treatment with 46O was associated with a lower hematological toxicity compared with 1826S. In addition, injection with 46O reduced erythema, epidermal thickness, and suppressed IgE and IL-4 synthesis in mice with OVA-induced AD. Additionally, 46O induced TGF-β production in LPS/IL-4-stimulated B cells via inhibition of Smad7, which suppressed IgE synthesis via interaction between Id2 and E2A. These findings suggest that enhanced TGF-β signaling is an effective treatment for IgE-mediated allergic conditions, and 46O may be safe and effective for treating allergic diseases such as AD and asthma.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.411-417
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• 2012

A Coarse-Fine Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) using the single time amplifier is proposed. A vernier delay line is used to overcome process dependency and the 2-stage time amplifier is designed to have high resolution by increasing the gain of the time amplifier. Single time amplifier architecture reduces the silicon area of the TDC and alleviates mismatch effect between time amplifiers. The proposed TDC is implemented in $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process with the supply voltage of 1.8 V. The measured results show that the resolution of the TDC is 0.73 ps with 10-bit digital output, although highend process is not applied. The single time amplifier architecture reduces 13% of chip area compared to previous work. By reducing the supply voltage, the linearity of the TDC is enhanced and the resolution is decreased to 1.45 ps.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.131-138
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• 2001

Total number of seven experimental specimens of size 4.6m$\times$2.4m are designed in full scale with due considerations given to the constructability as well as economic applications. Each specimen is made with different shapes of trusses or hooks along the interfacial surface between precast panel and topping concrete to maintain appropriate shear resistance. Structural performances in terms of strength and ductility under flexural load are examined for each specimen with different types of interfacial shear resistance reinforcements. Experimentally obtained flexural strength are also compared with those of analytical predictions. Based on experimental and analytical studies, design equations are suggested for the developed precast prestressed concrete half-slab systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.213-217
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• 2015

Microwave Photonic(MWP) filters capable of use a bandpass filter or a notch filter with large bandwidth have been proposed. 4-lines${\times}$2-bit fiber-optic delay lines with a unit time-delay difference of 50 ps were experimentally realized. By changing the time-delay difference and the coefficients of microwave-modulated optical signals, the bandpass and notch filters were implemented and characterized.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1996

For the selection of powerful antagonistic bacterium for biological control of Ewinia sp. causing vegetable soft rot, two excellent strains (54, 565) were selected from 1, 196 strains of bacteria which were isolated from rhizospere in vegetable root rot suppressive soil. Selected 2 strains were identified to be a species to Pseudomonas fluorescens S4 and pseudomonas fluorescens S65 (PS65). The highest of inhibitory activity was produced in 523 synthetic broth medium at pH 7.0 and 25t during 3 ethyl-Al-folpet, and the antibiotics such as vancomycin, perucillin and lincomycin, only PS4 was resistant to erythromycin.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.65-85
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• 2010

The importance of communities of practice(CoP) as an organizational informal unit for fostering knowledge transfer and sharing gains a lot of attention from KM researchers and practitioners. Since most of CoPs are formulated online these days, the credibility or trustworthiness of knowledge contents circulated within a certain CoP should be considered thoroughly for them to be fully utilized safely. Here comes the need for an appropriate trust measuring methodology to determine the true value of knowledge given by unknown people through an online channel. In this paper, an improved trust measuring method is proposed using new trust variables such as level of degrees derived from the relationships among community users. In addition, activeness, relevance, and usefulness of the knowledge contents themselves, which are calculated automatically using a text categorization technique, are also used for trust measurement. The proposed framework incorporates fuzzy set and calculation concepts to help build trust matrices and models, which are used to measure the level of trust involved in specific knowledge artifacts concerned.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-4
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• 2008

In this study, we investigate the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors consisting of pentacene, as an organic semiconductor, and polymeric insulators such as poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) orpolystyrene (PS) prepared by spin-coating process, to analyze the interfacial characteristics between pentacene and polymeric insulators. Compared with the device with PS, the MIS capacitor with PVP exhibited a pronounced shift in the flat-band voltage according to the bias sweep direction. This hysteric feature in the C-V characteristics is thought to be attributed to the trapped charges at the interface between pentacene and PVP owing to the hydrophilicity of PVP. From the experimental results, we can conclude that surface polarity of polymeric insulator has a critical effect on the interfacial properties, thereby affecting the bias stability of organic thin-film transistors.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.268-271
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• 2017

A 1.3 year-old Castrated male Bedlington terrier (10.0 kg of body weight) was presented with heart murmur and occasional coughing. Diagnostic imaging studies revealed supravalvular pulmonic stenosis (maximal velocity 2.91 m/s) from abnormal membranous structure (aperture) distal to the pulmonary valve in the main pulmonary artery. Further study also revealed pulmonic regurgitant (1.82 m/s of peak velocity, 13.2 mmHg of pressure gradient) jets started from the abnormal membranous structure. Since the dog had no obvious clinical signs related to heart failure, no interventional therapy including balloon dilation was considered in this case. Instead, medical treatment for preventing further deterioration of clinical signs related to PS was done with enalapril. This case report described a rare case of type III supravalvular PS in a dog, which has never been reported. Further deterioration of clinical signs has yet been recognized after medical treatment.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.615-621
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• 2010

We study pseudo symmetric (briefly $(PS)_n$) and pseudo Ricci symmetric (briefly $(PRS)_n$) warped product manifolds $M{\times}_FN$. If M is $(PS)_n$, then we give a condition on the warping function that M is a pseudosymmetric space and N is a space of constant curvature. If M is $(PRS)_n$, then we show that (i) N is Ricci symmetric and (ii) M is $(PRS)_n$ if and only if the tensor T defined by (2.6) satisfies a certain condition.