• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

The purpose of the Follies that were constructed for the Gwangju-Biennale were for urban regeneration, to activate the empty old-town areas, and to strengthen the tradition and sense of place of the city. However, the ten Follies constructed around the wall of the old castle reveal many problems including that of leaving Follies alone instead of actively using them, damage to shop-keepers nearby, and pedestrian inconvenience, which is different from the original purposes. This study is meant to help understand the source of the negative phenomena, and to offer plans that will be conductive to the role of urban regeneration through activating the Follies and the spaces around them. As results of the investigation, there was no context giving uniformity among the various Follies. Also, the study showed that the insufficience of designers' understanding of the circumference near the Follies and lack of a consensus between the citizens and designers in the process of making the Follies. The crucial solution for solving these problems, and bringing to life the original purpose of creating the Follies was derived as applying "human activity" to the Follies. This study suggested 'street performance' as an effective device for application to human activity. While a Folly has no fixed function, the development of space program categories based on the applied characteristics of each Folly, and the simulation thereof showed effective potential for attracting people and activating those stagnated spaces. Recently, Gwangju city depicted the second Follies in applications such as reading roon, toilet, and movable food cart, which have clear purpose and different characteristics from the first ones. However, the first Follies will not be moved or demolished. As they are located around the National Asia Culture Center, some of them are supposed to be used to view the center. Consequently, a counterplan for the continuous and efficient use of those Follies is needed. Gwangju has a plan for the installation of 100 Follies throughout the city and it is expected that this study will be a meaningful guide line for improved Follies in the future.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.571-582
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• 2004

Recently the well-being, which is regarded as the new cultural code, has brought a new change in the cosmetic industry. The application of the functional products is getting mere and lots of functional cosmetics are now diversifying from the skin-care into the make-up as well as the herbal products. So the future in the market of functional cosmetic products is prospected to be positive. Therefore, cosmetic companies need an approach bases on the concept of the well-being. So to speak, they need to understand the needs of customers accurately from the customers point of view. Also it is a crucial issue that how the unique characteristics of functional cosmetic products as well as the development of products base on the concept of well-being make in balance. In this study, we attempt to inspect the advanced domestic market of the functional products due to the well-being trend and try to propose an option of making an advance it through the customers survey (for example, their need and their satisfaction on the functional products, etc) on the functional cosmetic products. For this purpose, it has been surveyed on adult female customers aged 19 to 60 located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. 379 questionnaires among 510 were used in the final analysis. Collected data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social science (SPSS) program that can give the information about the general characteristics of the subjects like the frequency and percentage. And we used Cronbach's u reliability test, $x^2\;(chi-square)$ frequency analysis, t-test, and one-wat ANOVA to investigate the customers need, their degree of the satisfaction on the functional products of their own, factors of their perception on the quality on them. We think that the results of our study can act not only as the fundamental data on the customers need, their usage pattern, and their degree of the satisfaction, but also as the important tips of planning the marketing strategies.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2003

Purpose: We report upon a web-based system for Patterns of Care Study (PCS) devised for Korean radiation oncology. This PCS was designed to establish standard tools for clinical quality assurance, to determine basic parameters for radiation oncology processes, to offer a solid system for cooperative clinical studies and a useful standard database for comparisons with other national databases. Materials and Methods: The system consisted of a main server with two back-ups in other locations. The program uses a Linux operating system and a MySQL database. Cancers with high frequencies in radiotherapy departments in Korea from 1998 to 1999 were chosen to have a developmental priority. Results: The web-based clinical PCS .system for radiotherapy in www.pcs.re.kr was developed in early 2003 for cancers of the breast, rectum, esophagus, larynx and lung, and for brain metastasis. The total number of PCS study items exceeded one thousand. Our PCS system features user-friendliness, double entry checking, data security, encryption, hard disc mirroring, double back-up, and statistical analysis. Alphanumeric data can be input as well as image data. In addition, programs were constructed for IRB submission, random sampling of data, and departmental structure. Conclusion: For the first time in the field of PCS, we have developed a web-based system and associated working programs. With this system, we can gather sample data in a short period and thus save, cost, effort and time. Data audits should be peformed to validate input data. We propose that this system should be considered as a standard method for PCS or similar types of data collection systems.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of dental hygiene freshmen about their major and their occupational consciousness. The subjects in this study were 361 dental hygiene freshmen at three different colleges in Gyeonggi province. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 11.5 program. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for their view of occupation, the students made a well-paying job a priority(M = 2.97), and looked upon an occupation as a means of living(M = 1.60). Regarding the use of the profits of dental hospitals and clinics, they believed that they should reinvest their profits in a purchase of machinery, an expansion of facilities or technical development(M = 2.00). 2. Concerning relations between their motivation of college entrance and their satisfaction with their major, 96.6 percent of those who found their major satisfactory or quite satisfactory considered it to right up with their alley. 82.6 percent of them chose their major to get a stable job, and 62.8 percent of them did it through the advice of their families, relatives or regular teachers. 59.1 percent of them did it in consideration of their college entrance examination scores. Every student who were pressed for economic reasons to choose their major were unsatisfied with it. Thus, their motivation of college entrance made a statistically significantly wide difference to their satisfaction with major(p < 0.01). 3. They got a mean of 3.10 in occupational consciousness. By sub- category, they scored highest in interpersonal and work ethics(3.19 respectively). They got a mean of 3.04 in academic ethics, and got a mean of 2.99 in professional ethics, which was the lowest mark. 4. As to connections between their general characteristics and occupational consciousness, their occupational awareness was significantly different according to their motivation of college entrance and information they acquired at the time of college entrance(p < 0.05). In regard to the relationship of their satisfaction with major to their occupational awareness, their occupational consciousness statistically significantly varied with their department, their willingness of staying as a dental hygienist, the future prospect of dental hygienist (p < 0.01).

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-131
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• 2010

The object of this study is to compare the cognitive differences between teenagers who are operating the internet shopping mall and those who are not operating to analyze the effect of the enterprise experience on the career maturity of teenager. And we are to present the operation methods of teenager entrepreneurship education at school by identifying the difficulties of teenager internet shopping malls and investigating demands of teenagers for the entrepreneurship education. The results of this study are as following. First, the internet shopping malls established by teenagers were mostly operated with small scale and capital dealt with clothing and fashion accessories. It is difficult for most of teenagers to inform the shopping malls and understand the flow of fashion and demands of consumers. They acquired the informations on enterprise using internet or acquaintances. This is because there are no professional teenager entrepreneurship education. And they chose the confidence and spirit of challenge which are mostly needed for success of the internet shopping malls. Therefore, they can acquire the confidence and spirit of challenge by effective entrepreneurship education on resource management, team management, business plan and marketing. Second, teenagers who are operating the internet shopping malls got higher scores on career maturity and degree of need in the entrepreneurship education than those who are not. Thus the expansion of the systemed and diversified entrepreneurship education at school is needed to increase business practice and entrepreneurship. Third, most teenagers wanted the entrepreneurship education at school. They preferred external lectures who can teach them with professional experiences and practical knowledges using discretional activity classes or club activity classes. Dividend classes of creative experience activities including career, voluntary and club activities are increased in 2009 revised education curriculum. Using these classes, it requires to operate the entrepreneurship education which make students decide their career themselves through concrete education and experience. Consequently, the expansion of the systemed and diversified teenager entrepreneurship education at school is needed using development of practical entrepreneurship education program, professional teacher training and revitalization of entrepreneurship club activities.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-107
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• 2009

The purpose in this study was to provide a basic resource for enhancing teachers' professional competence by examining how the Home Economics(HE) teachers had formed, developed, and introspected the pedagogical content knowledge in the HE classes of secondary schools. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six HE teachers working at secondary schools. NVivo program, a kind of CAQDAS was used to analyze the data inductively. This study revealed that the HE teachers reflectively introspected the pedagogical content knowledge in Home Economics Education(H-PCK) as follows: First, as for knowledge of perspective on Home Economics Education(HEE), the research participants encouraged students to solve practical problems regarding the objective of HEE. They tried to foster the students' critical thinking ability related to the daily life. They made eager efforts to achieve the mission of HEE as a practical science. Second, as for knowledge of HE curriculum, the research participants mentioned that there was lack of systematic approach concerned with curriculum development. While reorganizing, they always paid attention to its relation to the students' daily lives, to the relationship between the curriculum contents and the social context. Third, as for knowledge of teaching strategies on practical problem-based instruction, the research participants developed the practical problem-based instruction skills. They mentioned students' difficulties in relating the practical problem-based instruction, too. Fourth, regarding knowledge of context, as teachers mostly prepared for progressed instruction alone without communicating with colleagues in the same school, they yearned for and also formed networks with other HE teachers in order to overcome their limitations.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.43-58
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate adolescents' food purchasing attitudes and related factors in the aim of improving youth's ability to purchase food properly and providing basic data on educational program development regarding dietary life. Total 476 adolescents residing in Daegu area participated in this study, and followings are the summary of the results. In terms of concerns in food purchasing, adolescents put priority in order of price(3.81±0.64), taste(3.70±0.72), safety(3.52±0.78), health(2.93±0.92). With respect to food purchasing attitudes, a significant differences were found in economic concern(p<.05) by gender and by the amount of allowance; preference(p<.01) and safety(p<.01) by school year. The analysis of environmental factors affecting food purchasing attitudes revealed that adolescents were most influenced by their parents(3.44±0.62) in food purchasing, whereas friends' influences(2.43±0.60) were relatively low. Regarding the effect of environmental factors on food purchasing, significant differences were found in parents(p<.05) and brands(p<.05) by gender; friends(p<.01) and parents(p<.05) by school year; friends(p<.01) by the amount of allowance. Food purchasing attitudes represented positive correlation with parents, advertisements and brands(p<.001). In addition, regression analysis showed that parents and advertisements affect adolescents' food purchasing. Conclusively, adolescents appear to prioritize price and taste, and they were influenced most by their parents when purchasing food. Therefore, parents, serving as a consumer role model, should instruct their children to learn considerate attitude in food purchasing.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.59-76
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the teaching/learning process plan of 'housing culture and practical space use' for home economics in middle school according to the problem based learning(PBL) model. The plan consisting of 4-lessons has been developed and implemented following the steps of ADDIE model. Various activity materials (4 scenarios, 6 individual activity sheets, 10 reading texts, and 5 working resources) and visual materials (4 sets of ppt and 4 moving pictures) as well as questionnaire were developed for the 4-session lessons. The plans were implemented to a single class of 21 junior students at H middle school in rural area, Kyeongnam, from 1^st to 12^th of April, 2019. Students highly enjoyed and were satisfied with the whole 4-lessons in aspects such as understanding of the contents, adequacy of materials and activities, and usefulness in one's own daily life. Additionally, they have more actively participated in the lessons than usual and even interested in learning more of such lessons. Students also reported that they highly accomplished the goal of each lesson as well as overall objectives. They showed interest in the major part of PBL lesson such as scenario and group activities. And they engaged themselves in drawing the share housing space plan with '5D planner' web program which they described as the best part of the lessons. The teaching/learning process plan developed in this study may be used as a theme of maker education, which is emerging these days. It can be concluded that the PBL teaching/learning process plans for 'housing values and practical space use' would contribute to improving students' attitude on living with others and ability to manage one's individual life.

• 아동간호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.61-74
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• 1997

Endotracheal suctioning is a routine procedure used for clearing secretions from the airway of the intubated infant. This procedure is not without complications. Endotracheal suctioning has been associated with decreases in $PaO_2$, decreases in systemic venous oxygenation, alterations in mean arterial Pressure, disturbances in cardiac rhythm and development of nosocomial pneumonia. So several endotracheal suctioning techniques have been developed to prevent these blown complications. Another method of Endotracheal suctioning eliminates the risk associated with disconnecting the infant from the ventilatior to perform the suctioning procedure. Studies examining closed endotracheal suctioning methods reported that the closed method results in less arterial oxygen saturation, and less systemic venous oxygen desaturation. However those studies have focused on adult patients, and there have been no published studies for newborn infants. The specific purpose of this study is to investigate the two methods and to make a comparison in terms of (1)variations in $SaO_2$, heart rate, and respiration rate appeared before and after the endotracheal suctioning; (2)difference in occurrence of nosocomial infection; (3)difference in recovery time to arrive at pre-suction baseline after suctioning and in nursing time taken for the suctioning. The present study is based on the data obtained from two groups of newborn infants : one group comprises 8 infants with closed suctioning (a total of 304 suctions) among 17 infants treated with ventilator and the other group 9 infants with open method (a total of 629 suctions). The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program package. As the distribution test on dependent variables with the Skewnesser Shapiro Wilk test showed an asymmetric distribution, the Wilcoxon Matched-pairs Singled- Ranks test was used for the test of variations in $SaO_2$, heart rate, and respiration rate appeared before and after the endotracheal suctioning. The difference in $SaO_2$ recovery time and nursing time was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-Test. The difference in physiologic consequences and occurrence of nosocomial infection between the two groups was analyzed with the Fisher's Exact Test. The results of the study are summarized as follows. For the hypothesis 1 (There would be a difference in $SaO_2$, heart rate, and respiration rate before and after suctioning between the two suctioning methods), the difference in $SaO_2$ turns out to be statistically significant (P=0.015), but heart rate and respiration rate do not procedure a notable difference (P=0.630). The hypothesis 2 (There would be a difference in rates at which a complication arises after suctioning between the two groups) does not prove to be statistically valid (P=0.246). For the hypothesis 3(There would be a difference in $SaO_2$ recovery time and nursing time between the two groups), the average $SaO_2$ recovery time after suctioning turned out to have somewhat significant difference (P=0.064), however the difference in nursing time taken for the suctioning was not statistically significant (P=0.610). The analyses indicate that the closed endotracheal suctioning is more efficient as compared with the open method, in maintaining pre-suction baseline $SaO_2$ and a rapid recovery of newborn infants. Based on these results we suggust to apply the closed method to newborn infants in the ventilation treatment. We also suggest to extend the investigation to include the comparison of suction cost taking into account the case in which a complication arises after endotracheal suctioning between the two groups.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.133-148
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• 1989

This study attempts of analyze empirically the living status of the elderly in Korea by finding out the problems of it in the family and by clarifying the influences of the family environmental variables and the values on the adjustment of the aged. To carryout the aim of this study, the causes and the patterns of the problems for the aged had been found out through the review of literature. Based on them the questionnaire was prepared including the questions of the values, family environmental vriables as well as the degree of satisfaction of thier liver and the extent of life interchange. The former variables were taken as independent and the latter were taken as dependent variables, so that the relationship between the two variables could be exemplified. The 400 aged over 60 living in Seoul and the other cities were selected through the purposive sampling and interviewed. The answers of the 376 respondents, 94% of the sample, were analyzed for this study. The following results have been found out through the various statistical analysis such as frequency distribution, chi-square test, pearson's correlation, analysis of variance and cluster analysis. At first, the results from the examination of the frequency distribution regarding the living status of the aged are; I) sixteen percent of the respondents living with their married offspring were receiving economical support, though they pointed out the problems of the extended family are the inconveniences with their children (60%) and simpleness (20%) of their livers. It seems that the aged in Korea are poor and have negative opinion on the relationship with their offspring even if they live in the same house. Secondly, it has been found out that the family environmental variables, especially such as sex, occupation, residence, education, level, living ability and the family type, play and important role not only on the degree of satisfaction of their liver but also on the extent of interchange of their lives. However, the variables such as religion and whether the spouse is alive or not do not play and important role. Thirdly, the reported main reasons of their delightness were healthy life (1.87%), the well-being of their offspring (2.08%), the spouse's long life (3.38%), religious activity (5.05%), the hobby activity (4.31%) and the participation in the social activity (5.05%). While, they mainly concern about the illness (1.98%), offspring (2.00%), econmic difficulties (3.39%), inharmonious home (3.81%) and the despicable treatment (3.81%). The respondents wer classified into two groups, they are dependent and independent, using cluster analysis. Health, social activity, offspiring, religion, couple's long life among the factors which lead them to be delighted were turned out to be statistically signhificant at 0.01 significance level between the two groups. As far as their worrisome matters are concerned, health and economic difficulties were significantly different between the two groups. Fourthly, regarding the life interchange, it has been proved that there is a statistically significant differences betwwen the two groups in the economic and the emotional satisfaction, help for ordinary life, status in the family, subjective and objective relationship with offspring, but not in economic dependency and the activity status. Fifthly, it has been noted that there is a high correlation between the degree of life's satisfaction and the extent of life interchange. On the basis of the results mentioned above, it could be concluded taht; i) The majority of the aged in Korea are not economically active, and thus they live with their married offspring even of they have a negative opinion on the subjective relationship with them. This can be pointed out as the main problem of the aged and thus it needs to be studied further. ii) the environmental variables such as age, sex education level, family type and occuption (which can not be changed by their effrot) turned out to give an important effect on the extent of the life interchange among the aged. iii) The respondents who are identified as independent group have a higher degree of life satisfaction and family status than the group identified as defendent. Thus, it can be inferred that it is possible for them to adjust their life by making an effort to modify themselves. iv) The high correlation between the extent of life interchange and the degree of life satisfaction indicates that the elderly themselves can adjust in order to obtain the higher degree of life satisfaction. Therefore, the following suggestions are derived from this study. First of all, the aged should try to be psychologically independent. Second, they need to control themselves in order to achieve self-assurance. Third, the community have to prepare a program of self-development for the aged. Fourth, the social welfare policy that can solve the problem of illness and poverty of the elderly should be introduced, so that their minimum requirements can be satisfied.