• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to improve the calculation method of the software operation pricing proposed by the software business price calculation guide from 'input manpower method' to 'rate calculation method'. The software operation pricing of the input manpower method is not objectively calculated in the domestic IT outsourcing situation where the statistical data based on the activity based estimating is insufficient and it is decided by agreement between the owner and the client. In addition, there was no standard for adjusting the productivity according to the characteristics of the operation service. In order to improve this, an operational correction factor item that can affect the software operation productivity was selected based on foreign and domestic standards, and it was confirmed through the first questionnaire to IT operation managers. In order to determine the level of difficulty of the fixed operational correction factors, the operational correction factor using AHP technique was confirmed through a second questionnaire for pairwise comparison. The operational difficulty calculation table was developed with reference to COCOMO and ITIL standards. Finally, we propose a new pricing scheme that reflects the operating rate. Regression analysis was carried out by collecting the data of the domestic public institutions on the estimated cost and the actual cost calculated from the new rate method software operation pricing. The results of the regression analysis show that the estimated cost and the actual cost are related to each other. Mean magnitude of relative error(MMRE) and PRED[25] analysis were added for accuracy analysis. MMRE and PRED also showed satisfactory results, confirming the possibility of replacing the rate method software operation pricing.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2008

목 적 : 천식의 특징은 기도염증의 결과인 가역적인 기류제한과 기관지과반응성이다. 최근에 호기산화질소(exhaled nitric oxide; FeNO)이 비침습적으로 기도염증을 알 수 있는 지표로서 이에 대한 많은 연구가 있었다. 또한 FeNO는 천식의 중증도를 나타내는 데 이용되는 객담내 호산구수나 메타콜린 기도유발시험과 관련이 있다고 보고되었다. 이에 저자들은 간헐성 천식환자에서 폐기능검사와 호기산화질소와의 관계를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 4월부터 8월까지 경희의대부속병원 소아과에서 천식으로 진단되어 폐기능검사와 호기산화질소 측정이 가능하였던 5세부터 15세의 80명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 최근 4주내에 상기도 감염이 없었고, 부신피질스테로이드를 포함한 조절약물을 사용하지 않은 경우에 연구 대상에 포함하였다. 폐기능검사는 Microspirometer를 사용하였다. Eco Medics사의 Chemiluminescence NO-analyzer(CLD 88 sp, Duernten, Switzerland)를 사용하여 FeNO를 측정하였으며 폐기능 검사와 FeNO와의 상관관계 분석은 Spearman correlation coefficient를 사용 하였다. 결 과 : 1초간 강제호기량(forced expiratory volume in 1 second, $FEV_1$)의 평균은 $0.890{\pm}0.455L$이었으며 강제폐활량 (forced vital capacity; FVC)의 평균은 $1.071{\pm}0.630L$이었다. $FEV_1%pred$의 평균은 $98.39{\pm}34.27%$였으며 $FEV_1/FVC$의 평균은 $88.53{\pm}19.49$이었다. FeNO의 평균치는 16.88 parts per billion(ppb)이었다. FeNO 측정치는 $FEV_1$(r=0.345, P<0.01), FVC(r=0.244, P<0.05)와 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나 $FEV_1%pred$와 $FEV_1/FVC$는 FeNO와 유의한 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 결 론 : FeNO의 측정은 폐기능 검사와 함께 소아천식 환자의 관리에 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 신빙성있는 검사로 생각되며 측정 방법이나 측정치의 참고치 설정에 앞으로 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.351-359
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• 1998

연구배경: 운동이 폐기능에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 그동안 많은 연구가 진행되었으나 운동이 폐활량에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 이견이 많다. Impulse oscillometry(IOS)는 최근 관심의 대상이 되고 있는 새로운 방법의 폐기능 측정법이나 이 방법으로 운동의 효과를 연구한 보고는 아직 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 일반 성인을 대상으로 운동의 정도에 따른 노력성 호기성 폐활량 측정법과 IOS를 이용하여 폐기능 검사를 시행하여 운동이 폐기능에 미치는 영향에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 호흡기 증상이 없는 59명의 젊은 성인을 대상으로 최근 땀이 날 정도의 운동을 하는 시간에 따라 1주에 30분 이내인 제 1군 (23명), 30분에서 3 시간사이인 제 2군 (18명), 그리고 3시간 이상인 제 3군(18명)으로 나누고 이들에 대해 노력성 호기성 폐활량 측정법과 IOS를 이용한 폐기능 검사를 시행하였다. 결 과: 운동이 폐활량 측정법에 미치는 영향으로 호기성 폐활량(FVC)의 예측치에 대한 백분율은 운동시간이 1주에 3시간 이상인 군에서 1주에 30분 이내인 군에 비해 유의하게 높았으나(1군: $93.8{\pm}9.9%$, 3군: $102.4{\pm}14.8%$, p-value=0.017), 1초간의 노력성호기성 폐활량(FEV1)과 노력성 호기중간 기류량(FEF50%)의 예측치의 백분율은 각 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 운동이 IOS 지표에 미치는 영향으로 5Hz에서의 유도저항에서 예측치를 뺀 값은 운동시간이 1주에 3 시간 이상인 군에서 30분 이내인 군에 비해 유의하게 낮았으나 (1 군 : $-0.093{\pm}0.036hPa/1/s$, 3군: $-0.166{\pm}0.123hPa/1/s$, p-value= 0.006), 공명주파수(Resonance frequency), 5Hz, 20Hz, 35Hz에서의 기도저항은 각 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 운동은 노력성 폐활량을 증가시키고 5Hz에서의 유도저항(X5)을 감소시킨다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2014

Caspases, a family of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases plays a central role in the regulation and the execution of apoptotic cell death. Activation of caspases-3 stimulates a signaling pathway that ultimately leads to the death of the cell. Hence, caspase-3 has been proven to be an effective target for reducing the amount of cellular and tissue damage. In this work, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed on a series of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidoindolones derivatives which are inhibitors of caspase-3. The best predictions were obtained for CoMFA model ($q^2=0.676$, $r^2=0.990$). The predictive ability of test set ($r^2_{pred}$) was 0.688. Statistical parameters from the generated QSAR models indicated the data is well fitted and have high predictive ability. Our theoretical results could be useful to design novel and more potent caspase-3 derivatives.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.22-23
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• 2019

The emerging Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard introduces Bi-prediction with CU-level Weights (BCW) to enhance the bi-predictive prediction. The syntax element of BCW index is adaptively coded according to the value of NoBackwardPredFlag which indicates if there is no future picture in the display order among the reference pictures, and it can violate the flexibility of codec and cause the dependency issue. This paper proposes BCW clean-up design that allows all weights can be parsed without any condition. The experimental results show negligible BD-rate losses while resolving the issues.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.447-456
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• 1997

In this paper an accurate algorithm for the method of successive approximations for near-parabolic orbits is established symbolically. Numerical applications are given for motion predictions at fifteen epochs between the years 66 to 1835 for Halley's comet. and at fifteen epochs between the years 1417 to 1782 for Encke's comet. Comparisons with the standard Gauss method [4] show that the present algorithm is very accurate and efficient for motion pred-ications of near-parabolic orbits.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2017

Xanthine Oxidase is an enzyme, which oxidizes hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid. It is widely distributed throughout various organs including the liver, gut, lungs, kidney, heart, brain and plasma. It is involved in gout pathogenesis. Hence, in the present study, Hologram based Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Study was performed on a series of Xanthine Oxidase antagonist named 2-(indol-5-yl) thiazole derivatives. The best HQSAR model was obtained using Atoms, Bonds, Connection, Hydrogen, Chirality and Donor Acceptor as fragment distinction parameter using hologram length 71 and 4 components with fragment size of minimum 2 and maximum 5. Significant cross-validated correlation coefficient ($q^2$= 0.563) and non cross-validated correlation coefficients ($r^2$= 0.967) were obtained. The model was then used to evaluate the six external test compounds and its $r^2{_{pred}}$ was found to be 0.798. Contribution map show that presence of propyl ring in indole thiazole makes big contributions for improving the biological activities of the compounds. We hope that our HQSAR model and analysis will be helpful for future design of xanthine oxidase antagonists.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2017

CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is a prominent chemokine receptor on neutrophils. CXCR2 antagonist may reduce the neutrophil chemotaxis and alter the inflammatory response because the neutrophilic inflammation in the lung diseases is found to be largely regulated through CXCR2 receptor. Hence, in the present study, Topomer based Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (Topomer CoMFA) was performed on a series of CXCR2 antagonist named pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile-6-alkyl derivatives. The best Topomer COMFA model was obtained with significant cross-validated correlation coefficient ($q^2$ = 0.487) and non cross-validated correlation coefficients ($r^2$ = 0.980). The model was evaluated with six external test compounds and its $r^2{_{pred}}$ was found to be 0.616. The steric and electrostatic contribution map show that presence of bulkier and electropositive group around cyclopropyl ring may contribute more for improving the biological activities of these compounds. The generated Topomer CoMFA model could be helpful for future design of novel and structurally related CXCR2 antagonists.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2017

Xanthine Oxidase is an enzyme, which oxidizes hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid. It is widely distributed throughout various organs including the liver, gut, lungs, kidney, heart, brain and plasma. It is involved in gout pathogenesis. Hence, in the present study, topomer based Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (topomer CoMFA) was performed on a series of Xanthine oxidase antagonist named 2-(indol-5-yl) thiazole derivatives. The best topomer CoMFA model was obtained with significant cross-validated correlation coefficient ($q^2$ = 0.572) and non cross-validated correlation coefficients ($r^2$ = 0.937). The model was evaluated with six external test compounds and its $r^2{_{pred}}$ was found to be 0.553. The steric and electrostatic contribution map show that presence of bulky and electropositive group in indole thiazole ring is necessary for improving the biological activities of the compounds. The generated topomer CoMFA model could be helpful for future design of novel and structurally related xanthine oxidase antagonists.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2433-2442
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• 2011

The three dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D QSAR) models were developed using Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) and docking studies. The fit of Quinazolinone antifolates inside the active site of modeled bovine dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was assessed. Both ligand based (LB) and receptor based (RB) QSAR models were generated, these models showed good internal and external statistical reliability that is evident from the $q^2_{loo}$, $r^2_{ncv}$ and $r^2_{pred}$. The identified key features enabled us to design new Quinazolinone analogues as DHFR inhibitors. This study is a building bridge between docking studies of homology modeled bovine DHFR protein as well as ligand and target based 3D QSAR techniques of CoMFA and CoMSIA approaches.