• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1795-1801
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• 2018

Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) have been used to identify susceptibility genes for complex human diseases and many recent studies succeed to report common genetic factors for various diseases. Unfortunately, it is hard to understand all biological functions and mechanisms around the complex disease with GWAS only although the number of known associated genes with diseases is increased drastically because GWAS is a single locus based approach while not a gene but numerous factors may affect a disease associated pathways. PRaDA generates a combined report with genes, pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis output. The PRaDA reports not only directly associated pathways but also functionally related ones for identifying accumulated effects of low p-value SNPs. Through integrated information including indirect functional effects, user could have insights of overall disease mechanisms and markers.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1975

Radioimmunoassay for the measurement of plasma renin activity (PRA) was performed in 43 normal Koreans and 45 patients with essential hypertension. Plasma samples were drawn in supine position in the morning and after upright posture for 4 hours. Urinary sodium excretion rates were measured in the concurrent 24 hour urine samples, as an index of their sodium balance. The results were as follows: 1. There was an inverse correlation between 24hr sodium excretion and PRA. The normal values of PRA in supine position ranged from 1.0 to 7.0 ng/ml/hr. when 24 hour sodium excretion were between 50 to 150 mEq. PRA in elderly tended to be low. 2. When stimulated by 4 hour upright posture, PRA increased by 2.6 times from the baseline value. 3. Of the 45 patients with essential hypertension, PRA was low in 10 cases (22.2%), normal in 28 cases (62.2%), and high in 7 cases (15.6%). 4. In the normal and high renin groups, who tended to be younger in ages, mean diastolic blood pressure and BUN were higher than in low renin group. Though hypertensive retinopathy and left ventricular hypertrophy in ECG were more prevalent in the former, no significant differences were noted as in the case of serum cholesterol. 5. There were 8 cases of cardiovascular complications (7 with cerebral vascular accident, 1 with myocardial infarction); 3 in low renin group (30%), 2 in normal renin (7.1%) and 3 in high renin group (42.9%). This figure indicated higher rate of cardiovascular complications in high renin groups, and lower rate in normal renin group. But the incidence of the complication was not significantly low in low renin group.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.4
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• pp.31-62
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• 2001

In this paper, I examined specific characteristics of the Tables of Transactions for Records Scheduling(TRS) (記錄物分類基準表 ; Kirokmul-Bulyukijun - Pyo) system by Public Records and Archives Act(PRA Act, No. 5709, 1999). All staffs and employees in governmental agencies of Korea must register, classify and dispose of their official records according to TRS by the Presidential Regulation for the application of PRA Act(No. 17050, 2000). Namely, the criteria of TRS is applicable to all stages of records lifecycle from creation to disposition(transfer to Archives or legal destruction). In the theoretical and methodological area, therefore, it is absolutely important that records managers and archival professionals in Korea make analysis on functions and characteristics of TRS by PRA Act. In the first, my examination take notice of possibility of 'adequate and proper documentation' about activity of the executive organization in TRS system. Other attention is that records management according to TRS means managing of records not only as physical entities but as logical entities which imply content and context of creation and use. In other hand, I wish to account for reasonable separation consideration for continuing utility of archives from current use of records throughout agencies duration Another theme of discussion in this paper is the theoretical framework which give account of TRS's characters. In conclusion, accountability for characteristics of TRS system could have been found in counterproposal view including the concept of Records continuum and the notion of Recordkeeping regime in Australia based on rethinking about Records lifecycle model. In the extent of practical area, more or less, it is imbalanced method that compare TRS by PRA Act to Recordkeeping regime based on Records continuum. Nevertheless, the concept and notion is suitable framework that give account of the prospect of recordkeeping system under PRA Act.as well as the meaningful characteristic of TRS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2009

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a major cause of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, making the reliable and rapid identification of NTM to the species level very important for the treatment of such patients. Therefore, this study evaluated the usefulness of the novel target genes tuf and tmRNA for the identification of NTM to the species level, using a PCRrestriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA). A total of 44 reference strains and 17 clinical isolates of the genus Mycobacterium were used. The 741 bp or 744 bp tuf genes were amplified, restricted with two restriction enzymes (HaeIII/MboI), and sequenced. The tuf gene-PRA patterns were compared with those for the tmRNA (AvaII), hsp65 (HaeIII/HphI), rpoB (MspI/HaeIII), and 16S rRNA (HaeIII) genes. For the reference strains, the tuf gene-PRA yielded 43 HaeIII patterns, of which 35 (81.4%) showed unique patterns on the species level, whereas the tmRNA, hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rRNA-PRAs only showed 10 (23.3%), 32 (74.4%), 19 (44.2%), and 3 (7%) unique patterns after single digestion, respectively. The tuf gene-PRA produced a clear distinction between closely related NTM species, such as M. abscessus (557-84-58) and M. chelonae (477-84-80-58), and M. kansasii (141-136-80-63-58-54-51) and M. gastri (141-136-117-80-58-51). No difference was observed between the tuf-PRA patterns for the reference strains and clinical isolates. Thus, a diagnostic algorithm using a tuf gene-targeting PRA is a promising tool with more advantages than the previously used hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rRNA genes for the identification of NTM to the species level.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.27-29
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• 2006

This paper deals with the application of the concept of POM to analysis of power system behavior and describes a practical method of PRA for KEPCO system. This paper presents not only marginal power flow evaluation of KEPCO system in view point of physical and operation mode by using Physical and Operational Margins (POM Ver. 2.2), which is developed by V&R Energy System Research, but also by using Probabilistic Reliability Assessment (PRA Ver.3.1), which is developed by EPRI. The ability of the method to provide insights on root causes, weak points and regional causes and effects was shown. The approach offers fast and accurate determination of bottlenecks in the transmission network and optimal mitigation measures to alleviate the identified violations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to introduce a rural development project utilized Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA), which has been widely developed and applied as an approach and methods for participatory rural development since 1990's. In the ODA project titled as "Happiness Program", a comprehensive community development program designed and conducted by KOICA for underprivileged ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province, Vietnam, the villagers were able to analyse the realities of their situations, to plan, to act, and to monitor and evaluate their actions for improvement through all the processes of PRA utilization. Apart from the successful implementation of participatory rural development activities, this project also made a contribution to extending our knowledge about PRA by presenting the monitoring and evaluation system built for the project and the impact analyzed by the system such as increase in villagers' annual income, expansion of infrastructure, capacity development and etc.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.433-445
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• 2020

A new code, called PRaFULL (Piled Raft Foundation Under Lateral Load), was developed for the analysis of laterally loaded Combined Pile Raft Foundation (CPRF). The proposed code considers the contribution offered by the raft-soil contact and the interactions between all the CPRF system components. The nonlinear behaviour of the reinforced concrete pile and the soil are accounted. As shallower soil layers are of great relevance in the lateral response of a pile foundation, PRaFULL includes the possibility to consider layered soil profiles with appropriate properties. The shadowing effect on the ultimate soil pressure is accounted, when dealing with pile groups, as proposed by the Strain Wedge Model. PRaFULL BEM code obviously requires less computational resources compared to FEM (Finite Element Method) or FDM (Finite Difference Method) codes. The proposed code was validated in the linear elastic range by comparisons with the code APRAF (Analysis of Piled Raft Foundations). The reliability of the procedure to predict piled raft performance was then verified in nonlinear range by comparisons with both centrifuge tests and computer code PRAB.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1207-1215
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• 2008

To investigate the occurrence and species diversity of mycobacteria in waters, surface water samples were collected monthly from the Han River and tap water samples at the terminal sites of the distribution system. Mycobacteria in each water sample were isolated by decontamination using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and cultivation on Middlebrook 7H10 agar, and then identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) and sequencing of the 65-kDa heat-shock protein gene (hsp65 gene). Mycobacteria were detected in 59% of the surface water samples and 26% of the tap water samples. Over half of the 158 isolates could not be identified by hsp65 PRA and gene sequencing, and several identification discrepancies were observed between the two methods. The most frequently isolated species was Mycobacterium gordonae in surface water and M. lentiflavum in tap water. M. avium complex (MAC), the most important pathogen among environmental mycobacteria, was detected in the surface water samples but not found in the tap water samples. The result demonstrated that water is an important environmental source of mycobacteria and the combined application of hsp65 PRA and sequencing was more reliable than hsp65 PRA alone to accurately identify mycobacteria present in water.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.3-4
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• 2007

본 논문은 전력계통의 보다 합리적인 신뢰도 운영을 실시하고자 근래 V&R Energy System Research에서 개발한 신뢰도 평가 프로그램인 POM과 EPRI에서 개발한 PRA를 이용하여 우리나라계통에 적용하여 성공적으로 얻은 다양한 사례연구 결과를 소개한다. 여기서는 PRA 프로그램을 우리나라 전력계통의 계획측면에서 활용방안을 모색하기로 하고 다음과 같은 몇 가지 사례연구에 주안점을 두고 실시하였다. 2008년도 우리나라 계통의 병입되는 당진화력 7,8호기의 신설에 따란 계통영향에 대한 신뢰도 지수 비교 순석과 2007년부터 2012년까지의 향후 6년간에 걸친 장기계통계획에 대한 우리나라계통의 신뢰도 지수의 변화를 비교 분석하는 등 계통계획측면에서의 활용방안의 타당성에 관하여 검토하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.97-104
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose Recoverable Password Based Key Exchange Protocol(RPKEP). RPKEP has user who has password, server which share the secret key information with user, and password recovery agency(PRA) which help to recover the user\`s password. Proposed protocol has some advantages that it is secure against off-line dictionary attack which is considered most important in password based key exchange protocol and suer\`s security is preserved even though user\`s secret information stored in the server is disclosed. By applying Chaum\`s blind signature scheme in the process of password recovery, even the PRA can\`t obtain any information about user\`s password.