• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.545-552
• /
• 2018

Blast-induced ground vibrations by a significant amount of explosives may cause many problems for mining slope stability. Geological discontinuities have a significant influence on the transmission of dynamic pressure of detonation and according to their position relative to the slope face may have damaging or useful impacts on the slope stability. In this study, the effect of geological discontinuities was investigated by modelling a slope with geological discontinuities through applying the dynamic pressure in three-dimensional discrete element code (3DEC). The geological discontinuities in four states that generally apperceived in mine slopes are considered. Given the advantages of the pressure decay function defined by some researcher, this type of function was used to develop the pressure-time profile. The peak particle velocities (PPV) values were monitored along an axis by utilization of Fish programming language and the results were used as an indicator to measure the effects. As shown in the discontinuity-free model, PPV empirical models are reliable in rocks lacking discontinuities or tightly jointed rock masses. According to the other results, the empirical models cannot be used for the case where the rock mass contains discontinuities with any direction or dip. With regard to PPVs, when the direction of discontinuities is opposite to that of the slope face, the dynamic pressure of detonation is significantly damped toward the slope direction at the surface of discontinuities. On the other hand, when the discontinuities are horizontal, the dynamic pressure of detonation affects the rock mass to a large distance.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.116-124
• /
• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the frequency and clinical significance of detected incidental lung nodules found on computed tomography (CT) simulation images for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and a physician review. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven treatment-$na{\ddot{i}}ve$ HCC patients treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiotherapy (RT) were included for the study. Portal phase of simulation CT images was used for CAD analysis and a physician review for lung nodule detection. For automated nodule detection, a commercially available CAD system was used. To assess the performance of lung nodule detection for lung metastasis, the sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated. Results: Forty-six patients had incidental nodules detected by CAD with a total of 109 nodules. Only 20 (18.3%) nodules were considered to be significant nodules by a physician review. The number of significant nodules detected by both of CAD or a physician review was 24 in 9 patients. Lung metastases developed in 11 of 46 patients who had any type of nodule. The sensitivities were 58.3% and 100% based on patient number and on the number of nodules, respectively. The NPVs were 91.4% and 100%, respectively. And the PPVs were 77.8% and 91.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Incidental detection of metastatic nodules was not an uncommon event. From our study, CAD could be applied to CT simulation images allowing for an increase in detection of metastatic nodules.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제54권6호
• /
• pp.711-716
• /
• 2010

비닐렌기에 플루오르 치환기를 도입한 새로운 전자발광 (EL) 고분자인 poly(m-silylphenyl-p-phenylene-difluorovinylene) (m-SiP-PPDFV)는 GILCH polymerization 방법에 의해 합성된다. 이들 고분자는 단층 구조 (ITO/PEDOT/polymer/Ca:Al)의 light-emitting diodes (LEDs)에서 EL 발광층으로 사용되었다. m-SiP-PPDFV는 $\lambda_{max}$ = 452 nm 주위에서 PL 발광파장을 나타내었고, $\lambda_{max}$ = 497 nm 주위에서 녹색의 EL 발광을 나타내었다. 고분자의 current-voltage-luminance (I-V-L) 특성에서는 4.0 V 정도에서부터 소자가 작동되기 시작하였다. 고분자의 전자 친화도를 증가시키는 m-SiP-PPDFV을 얻기 위해 m-SiP-PPV의 모든 비닐렌기에 두개의 플루오르기를 도입하였고, 이로 인하여 소자 구동에서 비닐렌기의 색 안정도를 나타냈었다. PPV 유도체들에서 일어나는 비닐렌기의 산화반응을 보호하는 플루오르기는 전자 끄는 효과를 가지고 있어 소자의 색 안정도를 유지시킨다. 이번 연구로, 보다 안정화된 PPV 유도체를 얻기 위해, 플루오르기가 비닐렌기에 도입될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.1015-1021
• /
• 2014

This study aimed at summarizing published study findings on the diagnostic value of rectal bleeding (RB) and informing clinical practice, preventive interventions and future research areas. We searched Medline and Embase for studies published by September 13, 2013 examining the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with RB using highly inclusive algorithms. Data for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and positive predictive value (PPV) of RB were extracted by two researchers and analyzed applying Meta-Disc (version 1.4) and Stata (version 11.0). Methodological quality of studies was assessed according to QUADAS. A total of 38 studies containing 5,626 colorectal cancer patients and 73,174 participants with RB were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.45-0.48) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.96-0.96) respectively. The overall PPVs ranged from 0.01 to 0.21 with a pooled value of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.05-0.08). Being over the age of 60 years, change in bowel habit, weight loss, anaemia, colorectal cancer among first-degree relatives and feeling of incomplete evacuation of rectum appeared to increase the predictive value of RB. Although RB greatly increases the probability of diagnosing colorectal cancer, it alone may not be sufficient for proposing further sophisticated investigations. However, given the high specificity, subjects without RB may be ruled out of further investigations. Future studies should focus on strategies using RB as an "alarm" symptom and finding additional indications to justify whether there is a need for further investigations.