• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

본 실험은 수경재배에서의 왕고들빼기 '선향'의 광도와 양액 농도가 광합성과 생육, 기능성 물질함량의 변화를 알아보고자 수행했다. 재배 환경은 온도 25±1℃, 상대습도 60±5%가 조절되는 생장 시스템에서 담액 수경 방식으로 재배하였다. 파종 14일 후, 광도 3수준(PPFD 100, 250, 500µmol·m-2·s-1)과 양액 농도 3수준(EC 0.8, 1.4, 2.0dS·m-1)를 조합하여 어린잎 채소 크기에 도달하였을 때 수확하여 분석하였다. 왕고들빼기 선향의 광합성율, 기공전도도, 증산율, 수분이용효율은 광도가 높을수록 증가하였다. 광합성율과 수분이용효울은 PPFD 500-EC 1.4, PPFD 500-EC 2.0 처리에서 가장 높았다. 엽록소 함량은 광도가 높을수록 감소하였며 엽록소 a/b 비율은 광도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 잎수분함유량(LWC)와 비엽면적(SLA)는 광도가 높을수록 감소하여 부상관(p < 0.001)을 가졌다. 초장은 PPFD 100-EC0.8에서 가장 길었고, 엽수, 생체중, 건물중은 PPFD 500-EC2.0에서 가장 높았다. 기능성 물질인 안토시아닌과 총 페놀화합물은 PPFD 500-EC 1.4, 2.0 처리에서 가장 높았고, 항산화 소거 능력(DPPH)은 PPFD 250, 500에서 높았다. 생육과 기능성물질 함량 증진을 고려했을 때 왕고들빼기 수경재배 시 적정 광도와 EC는 PPFD 500-EC 2.0dS·m-1이며, 저광 조건인 PPFD 100, 250에서는 EC 0.8dS·m-1재배가 적합하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

본 연구는 묘의 생육을 최대화하기 위하여 생육 단계를 임의로 구분하고 각 단계 별 적정 환경 조건을 확립함에 목적을 두었다. 생육 단계는 총 20일의 배양기간을 6일(1단계), 7일(2단계), 7일(3단계)의 3단계로 구분하였다. 첫 번째 단계는 활착기로서 환경 처리 별 생육에 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 높은 환경 조건에 의한 잎의 장해를 고려하였을 때, $80{\mu}mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 의 PPFD 및 대기 중의 $CO_2$ 농도가 적합하였다. 두 번째 단계에서는 PPFD 및 $CO_2$ 조건이 높아짐에 따라 건물 중을 중심으로 부분적으로 향상되었다. 에너지 효율과 생육을 고려할 때, $160{\mu}mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 의 PPFD와 $700{\mu}mmol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$의 $CO_2$가 적합할 것으로 생각되었다. 세 번째 단계에서는 PPFD 및 $CO_2$ 농도가 높아짐에 따라 유의적으로 생육이 향상되었으며, 잎 및 마디의 발달상태도 현저히 향상되었다. 따라서 보다 적극적으로 생육증진을 고려할 때, $320{\mu}mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD와 $1800{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$의 $CO_2$가 적합할 것으로 생각되었다. 생육 단계별 환경 조절은 초기단계에 상대적으로 낮은 조건을 유지하고 후기단계에서 충분한 조건을 제공함으로써 건전한 묘를 생산할 수 있고 에너지 및 물질의 투입량을 절약할 수 있다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2022

본 연구는 일조방해에 의한 광환경의 변화가 절화 장미의 생산성과 품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 절화용 스탠다드 장미 'Monet' 품종에 인위적으로 차광 처리하여 일조를 방해하고 일조방해 시간에 따른 장미의 절화수량과 생육특성을 조사하였다. 일조방해 시간에 따른 절화 장미 'Monet'의 단위면적(3.3m²)당 절화수량은 무처리구에서 40본인 반면 4시간, 8시간, 12시간 처리구에서는 각각 32본, 29본, 25본으로 일조방해 시간이 증가함에 따라 절화수량이 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 절화 장미의 품질과 관련된 절화 특성의 경우에도 무처리구에 비해 12시간 처리구에서 화폭과 화고, 꽃잎의 길이와 폭 등 모든 특성에서 10~20% 정도 감소하였다. 또한 절화 장미의 상품성을 결정하는 화경장과 꽃대 굵기, 절화중 등의 생육특성도 일조방해 시간이 증가됨에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이에 반해 개화소요일수는 24.3일에서 27.7일로 14.0% 증가하는 등 일조방해 시간이 증가됨에 따라 전반적인 생육은 위축되고 개화는 지연되는 특성을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과에서 일조방해 시간이 증가함에 따라 꽃의 크기가 감소하고 화경장 및 절화의 생체중 등이 감소한 것은 일조방해로 인해 일평균 광합성광량자속밀도(PPFD)가 감소하고 이에 따라 총광합성량이 감소하면서 장미의 생장과 발달에 필요한 양분을 충분히 공급받지 못했기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.61-61
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• 2020

This experiment was carried out using artificial bed soil and LED in the plastic film house(irradiation time: 07:00-17:00/day). Seedlings(n=63 per 3.3 m²) of ginseng was planted on May 17, 2018. LED was combined with red and blue light in a 3:1 ratio and irradiated with different light intensity(40-160 µmol/m²/s). Average air temperature from April to September according to the light intensity test was 20.4℃-20.9℃. Average artificial bed soil temperature was 20.1℃-21.7℃. The test area where fluorescent lamp was irradiated tended to be somewhat lower than the LED irradiation area. The chemical properties of the test soil was as follows. pH levels was 6.6-6.7, EC levels 0.9-1.3 dS/m and OM levels 30.6-32.0%. The available P₂O₅ contents was 73.3-302.3 mg/kg. Exchangeable cations K and Ca contents were higher than the allowable ranges and mg content was high in the fluorescent lamp treatment. The photometric characteristics of LED light intensity are as follows. The greater the light intensity, the higher the PPFD(Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) value, illuminance and solar irradiation. Fluorescent lamp treatment had high illuminance value, but PPFD and solar irradiation were lower than LED intensity 40 µmol/m²/s treatment. The photosynthetic rate increased(2.0-3.8 µmolCO²/m²/s) as the amount of light intensity increased, peaking at 120 µmol/m²/s, and then decreasing. The SPAD (chlorophyll content) value decreased as the amount of light intensity increased, and was the highest at 36.1 in fluorescent lamp treatment. Ginseng germination started on April 5 and took 14-17 days to germinate. The overall germination rate was 68.8-73.6%. The growth of aerial parts(plant height etc.) were generally excellent in the treatment of light intensity of 120-160 µmol/m²/s. The plant height was 41.9 cm, stem length was 24.1 cm, leaf length was 9.8 cm and stem diameter was 5.6 mm. The growth of underground part (root length etc.) was the best in the treatment with 120 µmol/m²/s of light intensity. Due to the root length was long(24.8 cm) and diameter of taproot was thick(18.7 mm), the fresh root weight was the heaviest at 24.8 g. There were no disease incidence such as Alternaria blight, Gray mold and Anthracnose. Disease of Damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani occurred 0.6-1.5% and incidence ratio of rusty root ginseng was 30.8-62.3%. It is believed that the reason for the high incidence of rusty root ginseng is that the amount of field moisture capacity of artificial bed soil is larger than the soil. Leaf discoloration rate was 13.7-32.3%.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2016

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a plant native to the Andean region that has become increasing popular as a food source due to its high nutritional content. This study determined the optimal photoperiod, light intensity, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution for growth and yield of quinoa in a closed-type plant factory system. The photoperiod effects were first analyzed in a growth chamber using three different light cycles, 8/16, 14/10, and 16/8 hours (day/night). Further studies, performed in a closed-type plant factory system, evaluated nutrient solutions with EC (salinity) levels of 1.0, 2.0 or $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. These experiments were assayed with two light intensities (120 and $143{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) under a 12/12 and 14/10 hours (day/night) photoperiod. The plants grown under the 16/8 hours photoperiod did not flower, suggesting that a long-day photoperiod delays flowering and that quinoa is a short-day plant. Under a 12/12 h photoperiod, the best shoot yield (both fresh and dry weights) was observed at an EC of $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of $120{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. With a 14/10 h photoperiod, the shoot yield (both fresh and dry weights), plant height, leaf area, and light use efficiency were higher when grown with an EC of $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and a PPFD of $143{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Overall, the optimal conditions for producing quinoa as a leafy vegetable, in a closed-type plant factory system, were a 16/8 h (day/night) photoperiod with an EC of $2.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and a PPFD of $143{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of artificial light sources with different light qualities on the growth and flowering characteristics of a herbaceous long-day plant, Petunia ${\times}$ hybrida Hort. Seedlings of petunia cultivar 'Madness Rose' were potted, acclimated for one week, and grown in a phytotron equipped with tube- and bulb-type fluorescent lamps (FL tube and bulb), tube-type white light-emitting diodes (LED tube), halogen lamps (HL), metal halide lamps (MH), and high pressure sodium lamps (HPS) for 10 weeks. The temperature, photoperiod, and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in the phytotron were $22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 16 h, and $25{\pm}2{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. Light sources combined with HL promoted stem elongation, and plant height and internode length decreased with increasing red to far-red (R:FR) ratio. FL tube + LED tube, HPS, and FL tube promoted branching, whereas plants grown under light sources combined with HL did not have any branches. Days to flowering (from longest to shortest) occurred as follows: FL tube + HL > FL tube + HL > MH > HPS = FL tube + FL bulb > FL tube + LED tube > LED tube > FL tube, indicating that reducing the R:FR ratio of the light sources promoted flowering. Only 20% of plants grown under an FL tube flowered, whereas under all other treatments, 100% of plants flowered. At 10 weeks after treatment, plants grown under HPS and MH had (cumulatively) 12 open flowers, and those grown under FL tube + FL bulb, LED tube, FL tube + LED tube, and HPS treatment had approximately seven flower buds. These results suggest that light sources with low R:FR ratios promote flowering and stem elongation in petunia, but they reduce its ornamental value due to overgrowth and poor branching.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.282-291
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• 2022

Since the efficiency of wastewater treatment using microalgae differs depending on the metabolic characteristics of the species, it is important to understand the characteristics of target algae prior to the application in wastewater treatment. In this study, for the application of Arthrospira platensis to wastewater treatment, which is a filamentous alkaliphilic cyanobacteria, basic species specificity was identified and the possibility of application to wastewater treatment was investigated. As a result of the species specificity investigation, the specific growth rate between pH 7.0 and 11.0 showed the highest value near pH 9 at 0.25/day. The reason for the relatively low growth(0.08/day) at pH 11 was thought to be the CA(carbonic anhydrase) enzyme that is involved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis has the highest activity at pH 8.0 to 9.0, and at pH 11, CA activity was relatively low. In addition, A. platensis showed optimal growth at 400 PPFD(photosynthetic photon flux density) and 30℃, and this means that cyanobacteria such as A. platensis have a larger number of PS-I(photosystem I) than that of PS-II(photosystem II). It was speculated that it was because higher light intensity and temperature were required to sufficiently generate electrons to transfer to PS-I. Regarding the applicability of A. platensis, it was suggested that if a system using the synergistic effect of co-culture of A. platensis and bacteria was developed, a more efficient system would be possible. And different from single cocci, filamentous A. platensis expected to have a positive impact on harvesting, which is very important in the latter part of the wastewater treatment process.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2017

아스파라거스의 기능성을 향상시키기 위하여 처리 전 그리고 12시간 암상태로 저장한 아스파라거스를 대조구로 하여 백색(색온도 45,000 k), 청색(peak 450 nm), 적색(peak 660 nm)의 발광다이오드(light-emitting diode, LED)를 이용하여 수확한 아스파라거스 순을 광합성유효광양자속밀도(photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 광으로 12시간 처리하고, UV-B(280 nm)를 0.5kJ 또는 1.0kJ로 처리하여 원예적 특성, 비타민C(total ascorbic acid), 루틴(rutin), 총 페놀(total phenolics) 및 총 플라보노이드(total flavonoids) 함량과 자유기 소거능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이들 처리는 아스파라거스 순의 생체중, 길이, 직경 등에 변화를 초래하지 않았으며, UV-B0.5kJ에서는 당도와 엽록소 함량이 각각 9%와 41% 증가하였다. 비타민 C, 루틴, 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 등 항산화 성분 중에서 비타민 C 함량은 대조에 비하여 백색광(114%), 적색광 (137%) 및 UV-0.5 kJ(127%) 처리에서 크게 증가하였다. 반면 루틴, 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 적색광이나 UV-0.5 kJ 처리에서만 대조구에 비하여 증가하였다. 또한 DPPH라디컬 소거능으로 측정한 항산화 활성은 대조구에 비하여 백색광, 적색광 및 UV-0.5kJ 처리구에서 각각 43, 41 및 43% 증가하였다. 이상의 결과는 적색광 12시간 처리나 UV-B 0.5kJ 처리로 아스파라거스 순의 원예적 특성의 변화가 초래되지 않는 상태에서 비타민 C, 루틴, 총 페놀, 총 플라보노이드 등의 함량이 증가되고 자유기 소거능도 향상됨을 의미한다. 따라서 수확한 아스파라서스의 순에 적색광 12시간 또는 UV-B 0.5kJ을 처리하면 채소 또는 음료의 원료로 사용되는 아스파라거스 순의 기능성 품질을 증진시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2014

Purpose: In protected crop production facilities such as greenhouse and plant factory, farmers should be present and/or visit frequently to the production site for maintaining optimum environmental conditions and better production, which is time and labor consuming. Monitoring of environmental condition is highly important for optimum control of the conditions, and the condition is not uniform within the facility. Objectives of the paper were to investigate spatial and vertical variability in ambient environmental variables and to provide useful information for sensing and control of the environments. Methods: Experiments were conducted in a strawberry-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 1) and a cherry tomato-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 2). Selected ambient environmental variables for experiment in greenhouse 1 were air temperature and humidity, and in greenhouse 2, they were air temperature, humidity, PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density), and $CO_2$ concentration. Results: Considerable spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of the ambient environments were observed. In greenhouse 1, overall temperature increased from 12:00 to 14:00 and increased after that, while RH increased continuously during the experiments. Differences between the maximum and minimum temperature and RH values were greater when one of the side windows were open than those when both of the windows were closed. The location and height of the maximum and minimum measurements were also different. In greenhouse 2, differences between the maximum and minimum air temperatures at noon and sunset were greater when both windows were open. The maximum PPFD were observed at a 3-m height, close to the lighting source, and $CO_2$ concentration in the crop growing regions. Conclusions: In this study, spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of ambient crop growing conditions in greenhouses was evaluated. And also the variability was affected by operation conditions such as window opening and heating. Results of the study would provide information for optimum monitoring and control of ambient greenhouse environments.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2022

장미의 단일 마디 삽목의 경우 온도, 상대 습도 및 광과 같은 환경 관리가 생산성에 영향을 미친다. 기온과 상대습도가 삽목 성공률과 묘 소질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 장미(Rosa hybrida) 'Maisie' 품종과 투명한 플라스틱 박스를 이용하였으며 인공조명(white LED, PPFD 104.0µmol·m^-2·s^-1)을 이용하여 전 기간 밀폐 조건에서 삽목 시 가장 효과적인 소엽수와 광주기 조건을 구명하고자 하였다. 첫 번째 실험은 밀폐 기간을 달리하여 총 6주 동안 진행되었다. 밀폐 기간이 길어질수록 뿌리수와 가장 긴뿌리의 길이가 감소하였다. 그러나 밀폐 기간에 따른 생존율, 신초발생률, 발근율에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 두 번째 실험에서는 삽수 생존율과 신초발생률이 광주기(0/24, 2/22, 4/20, 8/16, 16/8h)와 삽수 소엽의 개수(0, 2, 4)에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 생존율은 명기 16시간, 소엽 4개 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 생존율과 신초발생률을 에너지 효율과 함께 고려한 결과, 소엽을 2개 또는 4개 붙인 삽수를 이용하여 하루 8시간 광을 조사하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.